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Existing diagnosed comorbidities (self-reported; no evidence in bukanas or patient files):

Table 2 Existing diagnosed comorbidities (self-reported; no evidence in bukanas or patient files):

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Table 1: Sociodemographics, duration of diagnosis, treatment modality and previously diagnosed comorbidities
Table 1: Sociodemographics, duration of diagnosis, treatment modality and previously diagnosed comorbidities
Table 2: Anthropometry measurements related to cardio-metabolic risk activities were reported (mean MET/week: 8.5 [SD 78.0]). The mean MET-min/week total for all activity was 6108.4 (SD 790.5). According to the FFQ, green leafy vegetables, including spinach, Swiss chard, sepaile (wild parsley leaves) and cabbage, as well as onion, green peppers, tomatoes and carrots, were consumed weekly, but rarely daily. Participants reported that they rarely consumed other vegetables. Overall, 78.5% of participants con- sumed fewer than the recommended three to five servings of vegetables per day (Table 4).
Table 2: Anthropometry measurements related to cardio-metabolic risk activities were reported (mean MET/week: 8.5 [SD 78.0]). The mean MET-min/week total for all activity was 6108.4 (SD 790.5). According to the FFQ, green leafy vegetables, including spinach, Swiss chard, sepaile (wild parsley leaves) and cabbage, as well as onion, green peppers, tomatoes and carrots, were consumed weekly, but rarely daily. Participants reported that they rarely consumed other vegetables. Overall, 78.5% of participants con- sumed fewer than the recommended three to five servings of vegetables per day (Table 4).
Table 4: Daily intakes of fruit, vegetables and dairy hour to collect their medicines from the pharmacy, while the majority (75.4%; n=92) reported waiting between one and two hours to collect their medication. Thus, the total time than an hour, 54.8% (n = 66) between one and two hours, and 5.7% (n=7) longer than two hours. After seeing the doctor, 13.1% (n= 16) of participants reported waiting less than an
Table 4: Daily intakes of fruit, vegetables and dairy hour to collect their medicines from the pharmacy, while the majority (75.4%; n=92) reported waiting between one and two hours to collect their medication. Thus, the total time than an hour, 54.8% (n = 66) between one and two hours, and 5.7% (n=7) longer than two hours. After seeing the doctor, 13.1% (n= 16) of participants reported waiting less than an
Table 5: Physical activity, alcohol and smoking habits
Table 5: Physical activity, alcohol and smoking habits
Table 3: Continued.
Table 3: Continued.
Table 6: Cardio-metabolic and glycaemic control that they adhered to their prescribed medications and only one reported not having confidence in the benefits of the medications. Most reported that they had received education on their prescribed medications, but 8.1% reported that they had not. Although all of the participants thought that it was important to ‘regularly test your blood sugar’, 94.3% had their blood glucose levels tested (by finger prick) only every third month during their follow-up appointments at the clinics. Moreover, most participants did not know the normal reference range for fasting blood glucose, with more than a third admitting that they have no idea what it should be. Overall, 95.9% (n=117) of the participants felt that the doctors, specifically, did not spend adequate time with them to address their needs and few reported that they saw the same nurse (13.9%; n=17) and doctor (36.1; n=44) at follow-up visits. Also, 18.0% (n=22) reported that, at times, the pharmacy did not have their required medication in stock. However, 98.4% (n=120) were satisfied with the overall services rendered at the clinics. Only 22.6% (n= 28) knew about the Lesotho Diabetes Association, and only 1.7% (n=2) were members.
Table 6: Cardio-metabolic and glycaemic control that they adhered to their prescribed medications and only one reported not having confidence in the benefits of the medications. Most reported that they had received education on their prescribed medications, but 8.1% reported that they had not. Although all of the participants thought that it was important to ‘regularly test your blood sugar’, 94.3% had their blood glucose levels tested (by finger prick) only every third month during their follow-up appointments at the clinics. Moreover, most participants did not know the normal reference range for fasting blood glucose, with more than a third admitting that they have no idea what it should be. Overall, 95.9% (n=117) of the participants felt that the doctors, specifically, did not spend adequate time with them to address their needs and few reported that they saw the same nurse (13.9%; n=17) and doctor (36.1; n=44) at follow-up visits. Also, 18.0% (n=22) reported that, at times, the pharmacy did not have their required medication in stock. However, 98.4% (n=120) were satisfied with the overall services rendered at the clinics. Only 22.6% (n= 28) knew about the Lesotho Diabetes Association, and only 1.7% (n=2) were members.
Table 7: Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practices of participants regarding the role of diet and lifestyle in the self-management of their diabetes in women than in men,’ as is also evident in the current study. The exact aetiology of this gender disparity is not fully under- stood, and has been attributed to a more significant impact of the nutrition transition on the physical activity levels of women, cultural views that favour female obesity, gender differences in carbohydrate metabolism that cause a more pronounced increase in triglyceride levels in women, as well as income disparities.'?>" According to the Lesotho Human Development Report, men earn The participants in this study, though recruited via random con- venience sampling, were predominantly female (4:1 ratio to males). Though this is not the typical gender pattern for T2DM reported in higher income countries, '* it is consistent with the findings of other studies on T2DM in Lesotho?” and neigh- bouring South Africa.**°° This may be explained by the fact that, in sub-Saharan Africa and other developing regions, the most prominent risk factor, which is obesity, is more common
Table 7: Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practices of participants regarding the role of diet and lifestyle in the self-management of their diabetes in women than in men,’ as is also evident in the current study. The exact aetiology of this gender disparity is not fully under- stood, and has been attributed to a more significant impact of the nutrition transition on the physical activity levels of women, cultural views that favour female obesity, gender differences in carbohydrate metabolism that cause a more pronounced increase in triglyceride levels in women, as well as income disparities.'?>" According to the Lesotho Human Development Report, men earn The participants in this study, though recruited via random con- venience sampling, were predominantly female (4:1 ratio to males). Though this is not the typical gender pattern for T2DM reported in higher income countries, '* it is consistent with the findings of other studies on T2DM in Lesotho?” and neigh- bouring South Africa.**°° This may be explained by the fact that, in sub-Saharan Africa and other developing regions, the most prominent risk factor, which is obesity, is more common
Table 8: Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practices of participants regarding the medical components of diabetes self-management 1.5 times more than women,” and this income disparity is also evident in the current study with more females earning incomes at the lower end of the range than males, despite also having more dependants than the males. Evidence also suggests that, unlike men, women who are food insecure are more likely to be overweight and obese than women who are not food inse- cure.*” Therefore, it is suggested that obesity prevention pro- grammes and policies may be more effective if they are conveyed in a gender-specific manner.”° bread, while sunflower oil, tea and sugar were also consumed daily and cheap, processed meats that have been identified as risk factors for cardio-metabolic disease and insulin resistance? were consumed weekly. Overall consumption of fruit, veg- etables and dairy was below the recommendations for cardio- metabolic health,” which concurs with the findings of a recent study among outpatients with T2DM attending public healthcare facilities in the five districts of the neighbouring Free State province of South Africa.”°
Table 8: Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practices of participants regarding the medical components of diabetes self-management 1.5 times more than women,” and this income disparity is also evident in the current study with more females earning incomes at the lower end of the range than males, despite also having more dependants than the males. Evidence also suggests that, unlike men, women who are food insecure are more likely to be overweight and obese than women who are not food inse- cure.*” Therefore, it is suggested that obesity prevention pro- grammes and policies may be more effective if they are conveyed in a gender-specific manner.”° bread, while sunflower oil, tea and sugar were also consumed daily and cheap, processed meats that have been identified as risk factors for cardio-metabolic disease and insulin resistance? were consumed weekly. Overall consumption of fruit, veg- etables and dairy was below the recommendations for cardio- metabolic health,” which concurs with the findings of a recent study among outpatients with T2DM attending public healthcare facilities in the five districts of the neighbouring Free State province of South Africa.”°
Related topics:
Long-term diabetic complicationsPublic HealthTreatment adherence/complianceDietary patternGlycaemic control
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