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Fig. 2.-Geographical variation of wheeze (having had wheezing or whistling in the chest at any time within the last 12 months) [17]. @: <20%; ME: 20-25%; @: >25%.

Figure 2 -Geographical variation of wheeze (having had wheezing or whistling in the chest at any time within the last 12 months) [17]. @: <20%; ME: 20-25%; @: >25%.

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Table 1.—Available data in the combined European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) data set from the 4§ centres that participated in the ECRHS IgE: immumoglobulin-E; x: included in the stated country.
Table 1.—Available data in the combined European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) data set from the 4§ centres that participated in the ECRHS IgE: immumoglobulin-E; x: included in the stated country.
Fig. 1.—Published reports from the European Community Respira- tory Health Survey. Ml: central; @: local.
Fig. 1.—Published reports from the European Community Respira- tory Health Survey. Ml: central; @: local.
Table 2.—Variation in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, respiratory disease, sensitization, bronchial responsive- ness, exposure and antiasthmatic treatment in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) PD20: provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in forced expired volume in one second; IgE: immunoglobulin-E. * subjects with asthma excluded. Analysis of bronchial responsiveness showed an eight-fold variation in bronchial hyperresponsive- ness (BHR) (provocative dose causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PD20) <1 mg). The geographical distribution Over 100 papers have been published from the ECRHS in English speaking journals, of which 20 have been based on analyses of the complete data set (central analyses) and the rest from analyses of data from one or several of the centres (local analyses) (fig. 1). In addition there have been a large number of
Table 2.—Variation in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, respiratory disease, sensitization, bronchial responsive- ness, exposure and antiasthmatic treatment in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) PD20: provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in forced expired volume in one second; IgE: immunoglobulin-E. * subjects with asthma excluded. Analysis of bronchial responsiveness showed an eight-fold variation in bronchial hyperresponsive- ness (BHR) (provocative dose causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PD20) <1 mg). The geographical distribution Over 100 papers have been published from the ECRHS in English speaking journals, of which 20 have been based on analyses of the complete data set (central analyses) and the rest from analyses of data from one or several of the centres (local analyses) (fig. 1). In addition there have been a large number of
Fig. 3.—Geographical variation of asthma (having an attack of asthma in the last 12 months and/or currently taking medicine for asthma) [17]. @: <4%; Ml: 4-7%; @: >7%. The prevalence data from the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) [24] was compared to the data from the ECRHS [25]. The prevalence estimates in the ECRHS were con- sistently lower than the prevalence rates in the 13-14 yrs age group in the ISAAC study. There was, however, generally a good correlation between the
Fig. 3.—Geographical variation of asthma (having an attack of asthma in the last 12 months and/or currently taking medicine for asthma) [17]. @: <4%; Ml: 4-7%; @: >7%. The prevalence data from the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) [24] was compared to the data from the ECRHS [25]. The prevalence estimates in the ECRHS were con- sistently lower than the prevalence rates in the 13-14 yrs age group in the ISAAC study. There was, however, generally a good correlation between the
Fig. 4.—Geographical variation of atopy (positive specific immuno- globulin-E (IgE) against Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, timothy grass, cat and/or Cladosporium herbarum (>0.35 kU-L’)) [19-30]. @: <30%; MI: 30-35%; @: >35%.
Fig. 4.—Geographical variation of atopy (positive specific immuno- globulin-E (IgE) against Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, timothy grass, cat and/or Cladosporium herbarum (>0.35 kU-L’)) [19-30]. @: <30%; MI: 30-35%; @: >35%.
*: Heterogeneity between the centres; +: positive association; -: negative association; parentheses indicate the association was shown in local analysis, as opposed to the whole data set. Table 3.—Variables explaining variation in the prevalence of wheeze, asthma, atopic sensitization and bronchial responsiveness
*: Heterogeneity between the centres; +: positive association; -: negative association; parentheses indicate the association was shown in local analysis, as opposed to the whole data set. Table 3.—Variables explaining variation in the prevalence of wheeze, asthma, atopic sensitization and bronchial responsiveness
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EpidemiologyEastern EuropeImmunologyHealthCross-Cultural ComparisonVital CapacityPublic health systems and services research
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