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The range of repulsive force is a function of the velocity v, with respect to Hard bodies with remote action (Seyfried et.al, 2006) the required length, d,. The equation above guarantees that the pedestrian i will stop

Figure 10 The range of repulsive force is a function of the velocity v, with respect to Hard bodies with remote action (Seyfried et.al, 2006) the required length, d,. The equation above guarantees that the pedestrian i will stop

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lead to stampedes in narrow walkways. injured or killed. Figures 1.1 and 1.2 are graphical examples of emergencies that can can lead to disaster, where people are “clogged up” in narrow hallways and exits and Instances such as emergencies and panic escape situations, improper planning of exit
lead to stampedes in narrow walkways. injured or killed. Figures 1.1 and 1.2 are graphical examples of emergencies that can can lead to disaster, where people are “clogged up” in narrow hallways and exits and Instances such as emergencies and panic escape situations, improper planning of exit
Figure 1.2: Pedestrians leaving through a door (Guatemala) Pictures courtesy of Panic : A Qualitative Analysis (www.panics.org,
Figure 1.2: Pedestrians leaving through a door (Guatemala) Pictures courtesy of Panic : A Qualitative Analysis (www.panics.org,
Figure 2.1: The representation of a pedestrian in a benefit cost cellular model
Figure 2.1: The representation of a pedestrian in a benefit cost cellular model
Figure 2.2: The forces that acts on pedestrians in the magnetic force model
Figure 2.2: The forces that acts on pedestrians in the magnetic force model
The overtaking force, I, that acts on pedestrian i is shown as below the acting pedestrian and the nearest pedestrian will be considered if there are many
The overtaking force, I, that acts on pedestrian i is shown as below the acting pedestrian and the nearest pedestrian will be considered if there are many
Figure 2.4: The avoiding collision force that acts on a pedestrian i that the pedestrian will collide with another pedestrian provided that there is not
Figure 2.4: The avoiding collision force that acts on a pedestrian i that the pedestrian will collide with another pedestrian provided that there is not
Table 2.1 shows the comparison between various kinds of microscopic
Table 2.1 shows the comparison between various kinds of microscopic
Figure 2.6: The empirical relation between density and velocity according to Weidmann(1993) — as explained in Seyfried (2005)
Figure 2.6: The empirical relation between density and velocity according to Weidmann(1993) — as explained in Seyfried (2005)
Figure 2.7: The comparison of the velocity—density relation for the one-dimensional movement with the movement in a plane according to Weidmann (1993)- Diagram obtained from Seyfried et.al.(2005) of Weidmann(1993). The results obtained are shown in the diagram below.
Figure 2.7: The comparison of the velocity—density relation for the one-dimensional movement with the movement in a plane according to Weidmann (1993)- Diagram obtained from Seyfried et.al.(2005) of Weidmann(1993). The results obtained are shown in the diagram below.
Figure 2.8: The position of pedestrian j has to be in front of pedestrian i and the required length d, means the position of pedestrian j is always in front of pedestrian i.
Figure 2.8: The position of pedestrian j has to be in front of pedestrian i and the required length d, means the position of pedestrian j is always in front of pedestrian i.
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