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It is supported by granite masonry of thickness varying between 50 and 90 cm. The Belgian method was used for the excavation of the tunnels. Here we present a study relating to the Sao Bento tunnel in the city of Porto and the train station of the same name. The tunnel was one of the most complex works to be built in the 19th century in Portugal. Several structural analyses of the tunnel using finite- element models for different sections were carried out. Both the geomechanical characteristics of the granite formations and the results of visual inspections were taken into account in the analysis. element models for different sections were carried out. Both

Figure 11 It is supported by granite masonry of thickness varying between 50 and 90 cm. The Belgian method was used for the excavation of the tunnels. Here we present a study relating to the Sao Bento tunnel in the city of Porto and the train station of the same name. The tunnel was one of the most complex works to be built in the 19th century in Portugal. Several structural analyses of the tunnel using finite- element models for different sections were carried out. Both the geomechanical characteristics of the granite formations and the results of visual inspections were taken into account in the analysis. element models for different sections were carried out. Both

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Fig. 1. CASTOR main interface window. The set of causal networks developed in this project resembles the reasoning processes of a dam expert when presented with evidence of anomalies in the monitored quantities. The main causal networks developed are related to drainage, uplift pressure, horizontal and vertical displacements and movements of joints.
Fig. 1. CASTOR main interface window. The set of causal networks developed in this project resembles the reasoning processes of a dam expert when presented with evidence of anomalies in the monitored quantities. The main causal networks developed are related to drainage, uplift pressure, horizontal and vertical displacements and movements of joints.
Vilarinho das Furnas dam characteristics
Vilarinho das Furnas dam characteristics
Fig. 3. Data on design construction, reservoir first filling and geology/geotechnics.
Fig. 3. Data on design construction, reservoir first filling and geology/geotechnics.
Fig. 4. Drains discharge results. As a result of clogged drain holes, an increase in uplift pressure may occur and, in this case, the stability of the structure could be endangered. Immediate remedial measures must be taken.
Fig. 4. Drains discharge results. As a result of clogged drain holes, an increase in uplift pressure may occur and, in this case, the stability of the structure could be endangered. Immediate remedial measures must be taken.
Fig. 5. Uplift pressure results.
Fig. 5. Uplift pressure results.
Fig. 7. Recommendations for clogged drain holes scenario. The example presented above represents one of the most pertinent problems observed in the Vilarinho das Furnas dam. In 1983 abnormally high uplift pressure values were identified from the piezometers installed in the central zone of the dam foundations. The analysis of the data related to the water seepage in the foundation showed that it exhibited a tendency to decrease in time. After this a thorough analysis of the situation was conducted by specialist dam a tendency to decrease in time. After this a thorough
Fig. 7. Recommendations for clogged drain holes scenario. The example presented above represents one of the most pertinent problems observed in the Vilarinho das Furnas dam. In 1983 abnormally high uplift pressure values were identified from the piezometers installed in the central zone of the dam foundations. The analysis of the data related to the water seepage in the foundation showed that it exhibited a tendency to decrease in time. After this a thorough analysis of the situation was conducted by specialist dam a tendency to decrease in time. After this a thorough
Fig. 6. Ageing of drainage system. It is clear that the maintenance of drainage systems is very important in order to avoid the clogging of drain holes. To prevent this scenario, the drain holes must be regularly cleaned.
Fig. 6. Ageing of drainage system. It is clear that the maintenance of drainage systems is very important in order to avoid the clogging of drain holes. To prevent this scenario, the drain holes must be regularly cleaned.
Fig. 8. Levels of knowledge in the MATUF system.
Fig. 8. Levels of knowledge in the MATUF system.
Fig. 9. Main interface of the system.
Fig. 9. Main interface of the system.
Fig. 10. Adopted philosophy for the TUPER system.
Fig. 10. Adopted philosophy for the TUPER system.
Fig. 13. Elicitation of knowledge—scheme drawing. Special attention was paid to the development of the user interface in order to meet as many as possible of the cognitive needs of the end-users. The goal of the user interface is to facilitate communication with the user by receiving responses or sending appropriate messages in such
Fig. 13. Elicitation of knowledge—scheme drawing. Special attention was paid to the development of the user interface in order to meet as many as possible of the cognitive needs of the end-users. The goal of the user interface is to facilitate communication with the user by receiving responses or sending appropriate messages in such
a way that the user is always kept informed. Examples include:
a way that the user is always kept informed. Examples include:
Fig. 15. Design entity and attributes.
Fig. 15. Design entity and attributes.
The quality of knowledge stored in the knowledge base is of the utmost importance and has a direct bearing on the effectiveness of the system. It is imperative, therefore, to choose sources of knowledge that are reliable, authoritative, Fig. 17. Users’ interface—reinforced concrete analysis. 3. Conclusions
The quality of knowledge stored in the knowledge base is of the utmost importance and has a direct bearing on the effectiveness of the system. It is imperative, therefore, to choose sources of knowledge that are reliable, authoritative, Fig. 17. Users’ interface—reinforced concrete analysis. 3. Conclusions
Fig. 16. Users’ interface—data input.
Fig. 16. Users’ interface—data input.
Fig. 19. Explanation facility. In this paper, three KBS applications were presented. The first two case studies are in the field of safety control of structures, namely, dams and railway tunnels. The primary aim of both applications was to develop a tool that would support an automatic safety assessment of the structures and
Fig. 19. Explanation facility. In this paper, three KBS applications were presented. The first two case studies are in the field of safety control of structures, namely, dams and railway tunnels. The primary aim of both applications was to develop a tool that would support an automatic safety assessment of the structures and
Fig. 18. Users’ interface: detailing.
Fig. 18. Users’ interface: detailing.
Related topics:
EngineeringSoftware EngineeringKnowledge Based SystemResearch Purpose
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