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Figure 3: Experimental deep drawing setup ittps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00170-015-6978-5 3. FEM simulation to predict LDR

Figure 3 Experimental deep drawing setup ittps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00170-015-6978-5 3. FEM simulation to predict LDR

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Table 1 Mechanical and Material properties of St12 and Al 1100 sheets from tensile tests mechanical properties of each layer are presented in table 1.
Table 1 Mechanical and Material properties of St12 and Al 1100 sheets from tensile tests mechanical properties of each layer are presented in table 1.
Table 2 Measured values of the plastic strain ratios ASTM-E517 specification [15]. Measured values of the plastic strain ratios are given in Table 2
Table 2 Measured values of the plastic strain ratios ASTM-E517 specification [15]. Measured values of the plastic strain ratios are given in Table 2
Dimensions of specimens used in tensile tests are shown in Figure 1.
Dimensions of specimens used in tensile tests are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 2: Typical Load—Displacement curve from the deep drawing test in Figure 2. The experimental deep drawing setup is shown in Figure 3. he load-displacement graph was used as a stopping criterion for the test. This curve is presentec
Figure 2: Typical Load—Displacement curve from the deep drawing test in Figure 2. The experimental deep drawing setup is shown in Figure 3. he load-displacement graph was used as a stopping criterion for the test. This curve is presentec
Figure 4: The schematic of punch, die and blank holder Moreover, the two-layer metallic sheets were modeled as deformable part with composite shell
Figure 4: The schematic of punch, die and blank holder Moreover, the two-layer metallic sheets were modeled as deformable part with composite shell
Figure 5: Typical view of the model including punch, blank holder, blank and die extremely thin, it was assumed that the alignment of the middle layer would not affect the 3.1. The governing yield function and hardening law
Figure 5: Typical view of the model including punch, blank holder, blank and die extremely thin, it was assumed that the alignment of the middle layer would not affect the 3.1. The governing yield function and hardening law
According to general form of Hill’s quadratic yield criterion [16], the equivalent stress is given Hill’s 1948 yield function was considered to model the behavior of the sheet metals. This model
According to general form of Hill’s quadratic yield criterion [16], the equivalent stress is given Hill’s 1948 yield function was considered to model the behavior of the sheet metals. This model
Where the average value of the plastic strain ratio can be calculated by following relation:
Where the average value of the plastic strain ratio can be calculated by following relation:
These anisotropic parameters were computed for St12 and Al 1100 sheets. The results are shown calculated using anisotropic parameters ro, r4s and roo by the following relations [17]:
These anisotropic parameters were computed for St12 and Al 1100 sheets. The results are shown calculated using anisotropic parameters ro, r4s and roo by the following relations [17]:
Table 3 The anisotropic parameters of Hill’s quadratic yield criterion Each layer was used in the Holloman’s hardening law that explains work hardening. The Holloman’s hardening law is given as follows:
Table 3 The anisotropic parameters of Hill’s quadratic yield criterion Each layer was used in the Holloman’s hardening law that explains work hardening. The Holloman’s hardening law is given as follows:
Figure 6: Comparison of necking positions from simulation and experiment for Al 1100-St 12 with aluminum inner layer and steel outer layer for a 63.38 mm blank diameter: (a) experimental result and (b) FE simulation result
Figure 6: Comparison of necking positions from simulation and experiment for Al 1100-St 12 with aluminum inner layer and steel outer layer for a 63.38 mm blank diameter: (a) experimental result and (b) FE simulation result
Figure 7: The extended FLD for a 63.38 mm blank diameter during the process fracture would be occurred on the blank. 7 that the equivalent strain value of some elements was more than the calculated failure strain, so
Figure 7: The extended FLD for a 63.38 mm blank diameter during the process fracture would be occurred on the blank. 7 that the equivalent strain value of some elements was more than the calculated failure strain, so
with the punch and steel outer layer was in contact with the die. Figure 8: Final shapes for Al 1100-St 12 with aluminum inner layer and steel outer layer for a 62.42 mm blank diameter: (a) experimental result and (b) FE simulation result
with the punch and steel outer layer was in contact with the die. Figure 8: Final shapes for Al 1100-St 12 with aluminum inner layer and steel outer layer for a 62.42 mm blank diameter: (a) experimental result and (b) FE simulation result
Figure 9: The extended FLD for a 62.42 mm blank diameter
Figure 9: The extended FLD for a 62.42 mm blank diameter
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00170-015-697¢ https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-6978-5 Figure 10: Effect of steel thickness percentage on the LDR
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00170-015-697¢ https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-6978-5 Figure 10: Effect of steel thickness percentage on the LDR
The effect of the friction coefficient between blank and punch on the LDR is shown in Figure12.
The effect of the friction coefficient between blank and punch on the LDR is shown in Figure12.
punch.
punch.
Figure 13: Effect of friction coefficient between blank and die on the LDR LDR will be decreased, it means that the formability of two-layer sheet will be reduced.
Figure 13: Effect of friction coefficient between blank and die on the LDR LDR will be decreased, it means that the formability of two-layer sheet will be reduced.
Conclusions The main goal in this paper was to obtain more formability in deep drawing process of two-layer lie arc radius, friction coefficient between blank and punch, friction coefficient between blan. and die, and lay-up on the formability of two-layer sheets were studied by finite element
Conclusions The main goal in this paper was to obtain more formability in deep drawing process of two-layer lie arc radius, friction coefficient between blank and punch, friction coefficient between blan. and die, and lay-up on the formability of two-layer sheets were studied by finite element
Related topics:
Hydroforming of sheet metalDeep Drawingtwo layer sheet
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