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The examination of the first factor (referred to as dimension hereafter, following previous literature) of FA 1 shows that its structure is similar to the inverse of that found in the first dimension in Biber (1988). When the two factorial structures are compared, all the positive linguistic features but to clauses in Dimension 1 in the present study are categorized as negative features in Dimension 1 in Biber’s study, and all the negative ones as positive features there. Moreover, out of the 15 features in Biber’s Dimension 1 that are retained by the end in the present study, 11 belong to Dimension 1 in the present study. Therefore, this dimension is considered a replication of Biber’s first dimension and was given the same (but reversed) label as Dimension 1 in Biber (1988), “Informational versus Involved Production.”

Table 3 The examination of the first factor (referred to as dimension hereafter, following previous literature) of FA 1 shows that its structure is similar to the inverse of that found in the first dimension in Biber (1988). When the two factorial structures are compared, all the positive linguistic features but to clauses in Dimension 1 in the present study are categorized as negative features in Dimension 1 in Biber’s study, and all the negative ones as positive features there. Moreover, out of the 15 features in Biber’s Dimension 1 that are retained by the end in the present study, 11 belong to Dimension 1 in the present study. Therefore, this dimension is considered a replication of Biber’s first dimension and was given the same (but reversed) label as Dimension 1 in Biber (1988), “Informational versus Involved Production.”

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Linguistic Features number of words in a text is 2065, with the standard deviation of 681.
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Murakami: multidimensional analysis on Asian English textbooks Frequency C ounts of Linguistic Features
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Table 5 proportions of the linguistic features included in the dimension. Thus, it can be
Table 5 proportions of the linguistic features included in the dimension. Thus, it can be
For instance, China/Taiwan group and Japan/K orea group differ along Dimension 2 in FA 1, which represents whether a text is closer to native speakers’ planned discourse or unplanned discourse. China/Taiwan group tends to be on more planned side than Japan/K orea group. Considering that planned discourse is usually more difficult than unplanned discourse, Chinese or Taiwanese textbooks might be more difficult than those in Japan or Korea. Murakami: multidimensional analysis on Asian English textbooks
For instance, China/Taiwan group and Japan/K orea group differ along Dimension 2 in FA 1, which represents whether a text is closer to native speakers’ planned discourse or unplanned discourse. China/Taiwan group tends to be on more planned side than Japan/K orea group. Considering that planned discourse is usually more difficult than unplanned discourse, Chinese or Taiwanese textbooks might be more difficult than those in Japan or Korea. Murakami: multidimensional analysis on Asian English textbooks
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