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The following picture shows the main functions, networking profiles and their connection with ISO/OSI reference model and TCP/IP model. Some kinds of messages are encapsulated straight into Ethernet frames and therefore it is complicated to retransmit them out of L2 broadcast/multicast segments, typically used within the substation for horizontal communication.

Figure 1 The following picture shows the main functions, networking profiles and their connection with ISO/OSI reference model and TCP/IP model. Some kinds of messages are encapsulated straight into Ethernet frames and therefore it is complicated to retransmit them out of L2 broadcast/multicast segments, typically used within the substation for horizontal communication.

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ISO/OSI reference model _ splits up network communication into seven sub-layers and helps to scale he future development of networking model. IEC 61850 enables utilization of frequently used IP networks; it helps to lower financial costs [8], [9]. The picture bellow illustrates the interconnection between ISO/OSI ayers, networking technologies and services. There are hree main utilized services: GOOSE, SVM and ACSI basics. 2.1.1 SMV (Sampled Measured Values) SMV is a method used for passing measured samples from sensor units, like CTs, VTs or digital I/O sharing between IED devices. Lower layers of ISO/OSI model use Ethernet multicast characteristics and unicast communication via serial line. OSI reference model (ISO/IEC 7498-1) describes in detail the conception of each communication layer and networking profiles, application (A-Profile) and transport (T-Profile). A-Profile is the collection of specifications and agreements dealing with first three ISO reference model layers. The rest four layers form T-Profile. Services are mapped, according to IEC 61850-7-2 standard, in four different combinations of A-Profile and T-Profile:
ISO/OSI reference model _ splits up network communication into seven sub-layers and helps to scale he future development of networking model. IEC 61850 enables utilization of frequently used IP networks; it helps to lower financial costs [8], [9]. The picture bellow illustrates the interconnection between ISO/OSI ayers, networking technologies and services. There are hree main utilized services: GOOSE, SVM and ACSI basics. 2.1.1 SMV (Sampled Measured Values) SMV is a method used for passing measured samples from sensor units, like CTs, VTs or digital I/O sharing between IED devices. Lower layers of ISO/OSI model use Ethernet multicast characteristics and unicast communication via serial line. OSI reference model (ISO/IEC 7498-1) describes in detail the conception of each communication layer and networking profiles, application (A-Profile) and transport (T-Profile). A-Profile is the collection of specifications and agreements dealing with first three ISO reference model layers. The rest four layers form T-Profile. Services are mapped, according to IEC 61850-7-2 standard, in four different combinations of A-Profile and T-Profile:
There are two types of communication in IEC 61850, horizontal and vertical. The first one is encapsulated directly into the frames and strongly influenced by the network quality. The second one is transported by upper layers of TCP/IP model and it is used for IED device management, connecting to the heads of SAS etc. Downrec is a computer device, controlled by a vendor, with a special control software on the border between substation and WAN part of the CEPS networks. One the most important goals of this gateway are to manage and filter traffic in both directions and to apply the security rules. Tunnelling techniques help to isolate the traffic between the core of the CEPS network and vendor internal networks. Another respected requirement isto get the possibility to use the same logical addressing scheme in every substation and therefore this device must be able to perform L3 operation.
There are two types of communication in IEC 61850, horizontal and vertical. The first one is encapsulated directly into the frames and strongly influenced by the network quality. The second one is transported by upper layers of TCP/IP model and it is used for IED device management, connecting to the heads of SAS etc. Downrec is a computer device, controlled by a vendor, with a special control software on the border between substation and WAN part of the CEPS networks. One the most important goals of this gateway are to manage and filter traffic in both directions and to apply the security rules. Tunnelling techniques help to isolate the traffic between the core of the CEPS network and vendor internal networks. Another respected requirement isto get the possibility to use the same logical addressing scheme in every substation and therefore this device must be able to perform L3 operation.
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