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Source Indian Human Development Survey Data corresponding to years 2004-05 and 2011-12 Tables 4 and 5 show significant changes in household characteristics over the 7 year period.

Table 7 Source Indian Human Development Survey Data corresponding to years 2004-05 and 2011-12 Tables 4 and 5 show significant changes in household characteristics over the 7 year period.

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Source: Data from National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) consumption surveys rounds 50, 55, 61, 66, and 68.
Source: Data from National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) consumption surveys rounds 50, 55, 61, 66, and 68.
Source: Authors estimates from NSS-CES rounds 61, 66 and 68 and FCI data of grain offtake from the PDS 2004-05, 2009- 10 and 2011-12. In India, both the percentage of total households accessing the PDS for rice and wheat and
Source: Authors estimates from NSS-CES rounds 61, 66 and 68 and FCI data of grain offtake from the PDS 2004-05, 2009- 10 and 2011-12. In India, both the percentage of total households accessing the PDS for rice and wheat and
Source: Authors estimates from NSS-CES rounds 61, 66 and 68 and FCI data of grain offtake fron the PDS 2004-05, 2009-10 and 2011-12. Figure 2: Leakage from PDS versus arbitrage at the state level
Source: Authors estimates from NSS-CES rounds 61, 66 and 68 and FCI data of grain offtake fron the PDS 2004-05, 2009-10 and 2011-12. Figure 2: Leakage from PDS versus arbitrage at the state level
7 In short-term, arbitrage values change mainly because of fluctuations in the market price Table 3. Key features of data sets used in the study
7 In short-term, arbitrage values change mainly because of fluctuations in the market price Table 3. Key features of data sets used in the study
Table 4: Descriptive statistics from the NSS-CES samples Table 4: Descriptive statistics from the NSS-CES samples
Table 4: Descriptive statistics from the NSS-CES samples Table 4: Descriptive statistics from the NSS-CES samples
Table 5: Descriptive statistics from IHDS samples ration card due to bureaucratic reasons in the latter period.
Table 5: Descriptive statistics from IHDS samples ration card due to bureaucratic reasons in the latter period.
Source NSSO Consumption Expenditure Data corresponding to years 2004-05, 2009-10 and 2011-12 lable 5 presents summary values for household characteristics from the two rounds of th
Source NSSO Consumption Expenditure Data corresponding to years 2004-05, 2009-10 and 2011-12 lable 5 presents summary values for household characteristics from the two rounds of th
Standard errors in parentheses Source NSSO Consumption Expenditure Data corresponding to years 2004-05, 2009-10 and 2011-12 and FCI offtake data for 2004, 2009 and 2011 +p < 0.10, * p < 0.05, ™ p < 0.01,“ p < 0.001
Standard errors in parentheses Source NSSO Consumption Expenditure Data corresponding to years 2004-05, 2009-10 and 2011-12 and FCI offtake data for 2004, 2009 and 2011 +p < 0.10, * p < 0.05, ™ p < 0.01,“ p < 0.001
Table 7: Models for per-capita consumption of rice / wheat (kg/month) from PDS on arbitrage with controls — NSS unit level data endogeneity or omitted variable bias. Next, we analyse this relationship using the household
Table 7: Models for per-capita consumption of rice / wheat (kg/month) from PDS on arbitrage with controls — NSS unit level data endogeneity or omitted variable bias. Next, we analyse this relationship using the household
Standard errors in parentheses Source NSSO Consumption Expenditure Data corresponding to years 2004-05, 2009-10 and 2011-12 Standard errors clustered at the state level +n < 0.10, * p < 0.05, “p< 0.01, ** p < 0.001 Results from the IHDS panel data
Standard errors in parentheses Source NSSO Consumption Expenditure Data corresponding to years 2004-05, 2009-10 and 2011-12 Standard errors clustered at the state level +n < 0.10, * p < 0.05, “p< 0.01, ** p < 0.001 Results from the IHDS panel data
lable 9. Impact of increase in arbitrage in states with reformed PDS
lable 9. Impact of increase in arbitrage in states with reformed PDS
states with poorly governed PDS and positive effect in states where PDS is better managed.
states with poorly governed PDS and positive effect in states where PDS is better managed.
Table 11: Models for per-household consumption of rice (kg/month) from PDS on arbitrage or market price in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka — VDSA data Thus, analysis of both household panel datasets—IHDS and VDSA—suggests that the impact
Table 11: Models for per-household consumption of rice (kg/month) from PDS on arbitrage or market price in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka — VDSA data Thus, analysis of both household panel datasets—IHDS and VDSA—suggests that the impact
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