Figure 3 lighting industry — is needed into the health and environmental impacts of LED sources, including those with adjustable spectral characteristics, intensity, timing and dura- tion based on the time of the day, evening or night. Emissions outside the visible range must be considered, such as near-infrared radiation (750-950 nm) that is present in daylight and incandescent lamps but not LEDs. Research shows that there needs to be a balance — the use of these light fre- quencies can repair damaged retinal cells” and are necessary. The use of heavy metals in LEDs must be reduced and a process for waste management established. The impacts of control technology in outdoor and indoor spaces must be explored. Association issued a policy statement (Guid- ance to Reduce Harm from High Intensity Street Lights) to help communities select from the different LED lighting options. Recommendations for light intensity thresholds, timing and duration for indoor and outdoor environments at night are also necessary. It is likewise essential to define the exact spectral characteristics of recom- mended light sources in nanometres rather than only correlated colour temperatures (CCT) in kelvin. The latter is an approximate measure and cannot accurately describe the light spectrum.