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Figure 23. Average Minimum and Maximum Temperature throughout the Year
Figure 23. Average Minimum and Maximum Temperature throughout the Year
600°C to 1000°C (Technology — H2E Power, n.d.). This description is shown in Figure
600°C to 1000°C (Technology — H2E Power, n.d.). This description is shown in Figure
in this study is depicted in Figure 2 (Naimaster & Sleiti, 2013).
in this study is depicted in Figure 2 (Naimaster & Sleiti, 2013).
Figure 3. Representation of the Combined Heating and Cooling (CHCP) Plant (Zhang
Figure 3. Representation of the Combined Heating and Cooling (CHCP) Plant (Zhang
Figure 4. Structure of the Multi-Generation Model (Palomba et al., 2018)
Figure 4. Structure of the Multi-Generation Model (Palomba et al., 2018)
benefits of the SOFC based CCHP system.
benefits of the SOFC based CCHP system.
software interfaces.
software interfaces.
Table 1. Comparison of Energy Simulation Tools (Crawley et al., 2008) In comparison to eQUEST, EnergyPlus takes much time in execution. (Hong et al.,
Table 1. Comparison of Energy Simulation Tools (Crawley et al., 2008) In comparison to eQUEST, EnergyPlus takes much time in execution. (Hong et al.,
for the DOE-2 engine is shown in Figure 11.
for the DOE-2 engine is shown in Figure 11.
Figure 12. Wizard Mode in eQUEST (Wood, 2011)
Figure 12. Wizard Mode in eQUEST (Wood, 2011)
baseline scenario.
baseline scenario.
Figure 16. 3D View of the Cancer Hospital Building Model in eQUEST
Figure 16. 3D View of the Cancer Hospital Building Model in eQUEST
Figure 17. Building Shell View in Detailed Interface shown in Figures 16 and 17.
Figure 17. Building Shell View in Detailed Interface shown in Figures 16 and 17.
Figure 18. eQUEST Front Side View for the Hospital Building Model model are shown in Figure 18, Figure 19, and Figure 20, respectively.
Figure 18. eQUEST Front Side View for the Hospital Building Model model are shown in Figure 18, Figure 19, and Figure 20, respectively.
Figure 20. eQUEST Top View for the Hospital Building Model
Figure 20. eQUEST Top View for the Hospital Building Model
for the cancer hospital building ground floor, as shown in Figure 22.
for the cancer hospital building ground floor, as shown in Figure 22.
Table 2. Cancer Hospital Building Detail
Table 2. Cancer Hospital Building Detail
Table 3. Activity Areas of Cancer Hospital
Table 3. Activity Areas of Cancer Hospital
Figure 25 shows the areas of each zone in cancer hospital in square feet.
Figure 25 shows the areas of each zone in cancer hospital in square feet.
Table 4. Data Collection Sheet
Table 4. Data Collection Sheet
Table 5. Parameters for Hospital Building
Table 5. Parameters for Hospital Building
Table 6. Site Power Density Calculation
Table 6. Site Power Density Calculation
Table 7. Site Lighting Power Density There is an elaboration of the electrical portion for load calculation.
Table 7. Site Lighting Power Density There is an elaboration of the electrical portion for load calculation.
Table 8. Information about Water-Side HVAC
Table 8. Information about Water-Side HVAC
Figure 27. Information of Air-Side HVAC inside Hospital Areas systems linked with the ground floor, first floor, and second floor are shown in Figure
Figure 27. Information of Air-Side HVAC inside Hospital Areas systems linked with the ground floor, first floor, and second floor are shown in Figure
occupancy mode.
occupancy mode.
& bunkerl.
& bunkerl.
Figure 31 shows the circulation loop.
Figure 31 shows the circulation loop.
Figure 39. Consumption of Electricity on Monthly Basis
Figure 39. Consumption of Electricity on Monthly Basis
shown in Figure 40. less than actual consumption. The verification and validation results of the hospital are
shown in Figure 40. less than actual consumption. The verification and validation results of the hospital are
43 shows the flow of steps involved in Parametric Runs.
43 shows the flow of steps involved in Parametric Runs.
Figure 44. Parametric Runs for Proposed Work
Figure 44. Parametric Runs for Proposed Work
packaged systems supply cooling to a single room or spaces rather than the building. water central system. The system is categorized into three main subs categories which
packaged systems supply cooling to a single room or spaces rather than the building. water central system. The system is categorized into three main subs categories which
Figure 46. Typical Single-Package Rooftop System (TRANE, 2012) condensers, and evaporators. These modules consist of all mechanical parts of the HVAC system, compressors,
Figure 46. Typical Single-Package Rooftop System (TRANE, 2012) condensers, and evaporators. These modules consist of all mechanical parts of the HVAC system, compressors,
Figure 47. View for Selection of Baseline and Packaged VAV
Figure 47. View for Selection of Baseline and Packaged VAV
The total energy consumption of both cases, i.e., baseline design and the alternative
The total energy consumption of both cases, i.e., baseline design and the alternative
single-speed pumps with the VSD unit, but this reduction is not considerable. This verifies that electric consumption becomes less than the baseline case by changing
single-speed pumps with the VSD unit, but this reduction is not considerable. This verifies that electric consumption becomes less than the baseline case by changing
library file (eQ-lib.dat).
library file (eQ-lib.dat).
heating bills. Figure 54 shows the ceiling construction layer's properties.
heating bills. Figure 54 shows the ceiling construction layer's properties.
Figure 62. Single Line Diagram of Chiller 1a and 1b with Absorption Chillers
Figure 62. Single Line Diagram of Chiller 1a and 1b with Absorption Chillers
not feasible and practical because of having very low COP. effective as compared to absorption chillers. Furthermore, only an absorption chiller is
not feasible and practical because of having very low COP. effective as compared to absorption chillers. Furthermore, only an absorption chiller is
Figure 66. Installation of Gas Heat Pump
Figure 66. Installation of Gas Heat Pump
Figure 67. Comparison of Energy Consumption along Baseline and Alternative consumption is reduced by adding heat pumps for space heating. electric heaters with heat pumps for space heating, shown in Figure 67. Electricity
Figure 67. Comparison of Energy Consumption along Baseline and Alternative consumption is reduced by adding heat pumps for space heating. electric heaters with heat pumps for space heating, shown in Figure 67. Electricity
compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), and LEDs
compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), and LEDs
Moreover, an electric meter is a meter attached to the end-user site and provides
Moreover, an electric meter is a meter attached to the end-user site and provides
Chiller (Abdulla Alns and Ahmad K. Sleiti, 2020, Accepted)
Chiller (Abdulla Alns and Ahmad K. Sleiti, 2020, Accepted)
Figure 77. Monthly Electricity Consumption & Monthly Gas consumption of SOFC- spaces. Graphical results of electric and gas consumption are shown in Figures 77 and
Figure 77. Monthly Electricity Consumption & Monthly Gas consumption of SOFC- spaces. Graphical results of electric and gas consumption are shown in Figures 77 and
Figure 78. Annual (a) Electricity consumption by End-use (b) Gas consumption of
Figure 78. Annual (a) Electricity consumption by End-use (b) Gas consumption of
most of the cooling energy.
most of the cooling energy.
Figure 80. Monthly Energy Consumption for (a) Baseline Case (b) for High Efficiency
Figure 80. Monthly Energy Consumption for (a) Baseline Case (b) for High Efficiency
Figure 81. Monthly Energy Consumption (a) using Photovoltaic (b) by Replacing Electric Chillers into Absorption Chillers (c) by SOFC (d) by Replacing Electric heaters
Figure 81. Monthly Energy Consumption (a) using Photovoltaic (b) by Replacing Electric Chillers into Absorption Chillers (c) by SOFC (d) by Replacing Electric heaters
Figure 82. Annual Energy Consumption for (a) Baseline Case (b) for High Efficiency
Figure 82. Annual Energy Consumption for (a) Baseline Case (b) for High Efficiency
Figure 83. Annual Energy Consumption (a) by SOFC (b) by Replacing Electric Heater: with Gas Heat Pump (c) by Installation of Energy Efficient Lights
Figure 83. Annual Energy Consumption (a) by SOFC (b) by Replacing Electric Heater: with Gas Heat Pump (c) by Installation of Energy Efficient Lights
Figure 84. Peak Day Load Profile in (a) January (b) February for Base Case
Figure 84. Peak Day Load Profile in (a) January (b) February for Base Case
Figure 89. Annual Share of Global COz Emissions (Roser, n.d.) consumption-based emissions are shown in Figure 90 (Roser, n.d.).
Figure 89. Annual Share of Global COz Emissions (Roser, n.d.) consumption-based emissions are shown in Figure 90 (Roser, n.d.).
Figure 90. Production Vs. Consumption-Based CO, Emissions, Qatar (Roser, n.d.)
Figure 90. Production Vs. Consumption-Based CO, Emissions, Qatar (Roser, n.d.)
Figure 91. Consumption Based CO2 Emissions, Qatar (Roser, n.d.) value of million ton is converted into kilograms.
Figure 91. Consumption Based CO2 Emissions, Qatar (Roser, n.d.) value of million ton is converted into kilograms.
Table 10. COz Emission of Base case vs Alternatives A comparison for each alternative with the base scenario can be seen from the Table
Table 10. COz Emission of Base case vs Alternatives A comparison for each alternative with the base scenario can be seen from the Table
chiller yields a more massive CO2 emission than other alternatives. is shown in the figure. Figure 92 shows that the alternative of intruding absorption 5.4 Economic Analysis A complete comparison for the emission of CO2 for the base case and other alternatives
chiller yields a more massive CO2 emission than other alternatives. is shown in the figure. Figure 92 shows that the alternative of intruding absorption 5.4 Economic Analysis A complete comparison for the emission of CO2 for the base case and other alternatives
cycle cost summary for each alternative.
cycle cost summary for each alternative.
Figure 95. Life Cycle Savings Comparison for Each Alternative
Figure 95. Life Cycle Savings Comparison for Each Alternative
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