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Figure 3: Distribution of occurred landslides in Sri Lanka. The population of the central highland accounts for 30% of the total populations and the central highland which covers 20% o districts where most places are prone to | increase of the population in the cen establishment of human settlements and escalates the landslide vulnerability, henc lives (Figure 4), abandoning of sett the total land area of the country is divided into 12 andslide hazard (Figure 3). Hence it is obvious tha ral highland of Sri Lanka which leads to new expanding of urbanized areas and road network e to accelerate the risk of landslide disaster. Loss of ements and economic grounds and destroying infrastructure facilities which are resulted by landslide disasters has led to various social and economic issues in the country (Kjekstad and Highland, 2009).

Figure 3 Distribution of occurred landslides in Sri Lanka. The population of the central highland accounts for 30% of the total populations and the central highland which covers 20% o districts where most places are prone to | increase of the population in the cen establishment of human settlements and escalates the landslide vulnerability, henc lives (Figure 4), abandoning of sett the total land area of the country is divided into 12 andslide hazard (Figure 3). Hence it is obvious tha ral highland of Sri Lanka which leads to new expanding of urbanized areas and road network e to accelerate the risk of landslide disaster. Loss of ements and economic grounds and destroying infrastructure facilities which are resulted by landslide disasters has led to various social and economic issues in the country (Kjekstad and Highland, 2009).

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SOURCE: WWW. TRADINGECONOMICS.COM | DEPARTMENT OF CENSUS AND STATISTICS - SRI LANKA Hence this has caused frequent mass movements and cutting failures during the recent monsoon and extreme weather conditions (Figure 2).
SOURCE: WWW. TRADINGECONOMICS.COM | DEPARTMENT OF CENSUS AND STATISTICS - SRI LANKA Hence this has caused frequent mass movements and cutting failures during the recent monsoon and extreme weather conditions (Figure 2).
Figure 2: Cutting failure at Hakgala due to road cuts.
Figure 2: Cutting failure at Hakgala due to road cuts.
Figure 4: Number of deaths due to landslide hazard in Sri Lanka (2000-2016). In comparison, the social and economic issues arisen from landslide disasters have come major burning issues in the country (Katupotha, 1999). It can be inferred that those cial and economic issues have mainly been resulted due to lack of awareness on landslide 1ich is one of the worst geo-hazards in Sri Lanka and the post disaster consequences. The >k of awareness in landslide hazard can seriously affect disaster management program snce understanding the nature and the behavior of landslide occurrences in Sri Lanké ould essentially be needed by both potential victims and personals of disaster management ich awareness on landslide hazard greatly influences a proper and systematic approach ir fferent stages of landslide disaster risk reduction program such as pre-disaster stages. sponse and post disaster stage. Hence, disseminating the knowledge on landslide gec zard to the community in reducing the sociological stress can be considered as a part o! esent day challenges facing by the geologists in landslide disaster context of the country.
Figure 4: Number of deaths due to landslide hazard in Sri Lanka (2000-2016). In comparison, the social and economic issues arisen from landslide disasters have come major burning issues in the country (Katupotha, 1999). It can be inferred that those cial and economic issues have mainly been resulted due to lack of awareness on landslide 1ich is one of the worst geo-hazards in Sri Lanka and the post disaster consequences. The >k of awareness in landslide hazard can seriously affect disaster management program snce understanding the nature and the behavior of landslide occurrences in Sri Lanké ould essentially be needed by both potential victims and personals of disaster management ich awareness on landslide hazard greatly influences a proper and systematic approach ir fferent stages of landslide disaster risk reduction program such as pre-disaster stages. sponse and post disaster stage. Hence, disseminating the knowledge on landslide gec zard to the community in reducing the sociological stress can be considered as a part o! esent day challenges facing by the geologists in landslide disaster context of the country.
Figure 5: Landslide Disaster Risk Reduction Process in Sri Lanka.
Figure 5: Landslide Disaster Risk Reduction Process in Sri Lanka.
Figure 6: A colluvial soil profile shows two stages of deposition of transported materials. Considering the soil characteristics, it is important to understand the types of soils in landslides and potential grounds. There are two soil types that can be identified as residual soil resulted from weathering of metamorphic rocks (Fookes, 1997) and colluvial soil (Figure 6) resulted from short distance transportation of residual soil (Nagarjan, 2000). The areas of landslide occurred are characterized by colluvial soil, but potential ground may consists of both.
Figure 6: A colluvial soil profile shows two stages of deposition of transported materials. Considering the soil characteristics, it is important to understand the types of soils in landslides and potential grounds. There are two soil types that can be identified as residual soil resulted from weathering of metamorphic rocks (Fookes, 1997) and colluvial soil (Figure 6) resulted from short distance transportation of residual soil (Nagarjan, 2000). The areas of landslide occurred are characterized by colluvial soil, but potential ground may consists of both.
Table 1: Summary of some of the components in disaster management program which are yet to developed.
Table 1: Summary of some of the components in disaster management program which are yet to developed.
Though decision making on identification of communities to be permanently evacuated potential factors in communi considere and abandoning of public places such as schools and cluding needs of community and phase changes in d risk of landslide disaster and landslide hazard geology, many social geologica ies must be taken into consideration. No any mitigation in high hazard zones is d by NBRO and hence permanent evacuation is recommended. But if a particular hospitals are mainly based on ay today activities of affected communi medium hazard and low hazard zones, mitigation program is proposed considering the actua needs of community and it is implemented irrespective of cost of mitigation. Hence it is wel y is located in a potential or developing or part y occurred landslide area o understood that social aspects are the prime concern in this regard.
Though decision making on identification of communities to be permanently evacuated potential factors in communi considere and abandoning of public places such as schools and cluding needs of community and phase changes in d risk of landslide disaster and landslide hazard geology, many social geologica ies must be taken into consideration. No any mitigation in high hazard zones is d by NBRO and hence permanent evacuation is recommended. But if a particular hospitals are mainly based on ay today activities of affected communi medium hazard and low hazard zones, mitigation program is proposed considering the actua needs of community and it is implemented irrespective of cost of mitigation. Hence it is wel y is located in a potential or developing or part y occurred landslide area o understood that social aspects are the prime concern in this regard.
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Disaster risk reductionTropical Forestry
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