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Building categories based on NCB curves [35].

Table 3 Building categories based on NCB curves [35].

Related Figures (21)

Summary of the input data for noise mapping and evaluations. Table 1
Summary of the input data for noise mapping and evaluations. Table 1
Fig. 1. Development of insulation regulation for building facades.
Fig. 1. Development of insulation regulation for building facades.
Noise zones in relation to outdoor noise levels [31]. Table 3
Noise zones in relation to outdoor noise levels [31]. Table 3
Insulation categories.
Insulation categories.
Fig. 3. Noise map for Besiktas District (only for three noise zones).
Fig. 3. Noise map for Besiktas District (only for three noise zones).
* Noise zones to be identified from the noise maps, L-q(daytime), dBA at 4 m height. The insulation criteria given as spectral values and Dur a, 2 with the corresponding categories. Table 6
* Noise zones to be identified from the noise maps, L-q(daytime), dBA at 4 m height. The insulation criteria given as spectral values and Dur a, 2 with the corresponding categories. Table 6
Fig. 5. a. Detailed noise map for Building A. b. Facade noise map for Building A (without facade reflections). c. Facade receiver points used in the calculations
Fig. 5. a. Detailed noise map for Building A. b. Facade noise map for Building A (without facade reflections). c. Facade receiver points used in the calculations
Fig. 4. Histogram and the cumulative curve indicating the number of buildings with respect to facade noise levels.
Fig. 4. Histogram and the cumulative curve indicating the number of buildings with respect to facade noise levels.
Summary of the noise analysis for Besiktas District. Table 7
Summary of the noise analysis for Besiktas District. Table 7
Fig. 6. a. Required insulation performance (in Dyraz) for the facade of Building A. b. Facade elevations for Building A and the insulation contours
Fig. 6. a. Required insulation performance (in Dyraz) for the facade of Building A. b. Facade elevations for Building A and the insulation contours
Fig. 7. Statistical evaluations of the required insulation values and the respective surface area a) Histogram, b) Cumulative distribution
Fig. 7. Statistical evaluations of the required insulation values and the respective surface area a) Histogram, b) Cumulative distribution
Fig. 8. a. Detailed noise map for Building B. b. Facade noise map for Building B (without facade reflections). c. Facade receiver points used in the calculations
Fig. 8. a. Detailed noise map for Building B. b. Facade noise map for Building B (without facade reflections). c. Facade receiver points used in the calculations
Fig. 9. a. Required insulations (in Daraz) for the facades of Building B. b. Facade elevations for Building B and the insulation contour:
Fig. 9. a. Required insulations (in Daraz) for the facades of Building B. b. Facade elevations for Building B and the insulation contour:
Fig. 10. Statistical evaluations of the required insulation values and the respective surface area a) Histogram, b) Cumulative distribution
Fig. 10. Statistical evaluations of the required insulation values and the respective surface area a) Histogram, b) Cumulative distribution
Analysis of the insulation categories to be assigned on the facade of Building B. Table 9
Analysis of the insulation categories to be assigned on the facade of Building B. Table 9
Fig. 11. a and b. Location of the classroom on the insulation map and architectural information. Implementation of the above methodology was conducted in Besiktas district where the noise map had been prepared before by using “Cadna-A” [43]. The noise map of the area covering 1.9 km? is given Fig. 3 representing the noise zones described as Leg (day-time) values. The demographic data according to various noise level categories is summarized in Table 7. Statistical analyses reveal that the majority of the building facades (1547 buildings) exposed to noise levels remains between 65 and 70 dBA (Fig. 4). On the other hand, the facade insulation maps can be prepared only for a particular octave band which is dominant in the source spectra. Such an investigation might be necessary at a low frequency band at which the required sound insulation is rather difficult to achieve technically and economically.
Fig. 11. a and b. Location of the classroom on the insulation map and architectural information. Implementation of the above methodology was conducted in Besiktas district where the noise map had been prepared before by using “Cadna-A” [43]. The noise map of the area covering 1.9 km? is given Fig. 3 representing the noise zones described as Leg (day-time) values. The demographic data according to various noise level categories is summarized in Table 7. Statistical analyses reveal that the majority of the building facades (1547 buildings) exposed to noise levels remains between 65 and 70 dBA (Fig. 4). On the other hand, the facade insulation maps can be prepared only for a particular octave band which is dominant in the source spectra. Such an investigation might be necessary at a low frequency band at which the required sound insulation is rather difficult to achieve technically and economically.
Properties of the external wall of sample classroom. Table 10 noise levels despite of the lower traffic density. Figures given in 8b and 8c display the noise levels at 2 m from the facade obtained through the noise mapping software and the receiver points that were used in the calculations respectively. Calculated performance values in Dpraz , are shown in Fig. 9a and b. Statistical analysis indicates a skewed distribution from the normal distribution curve and 52 dB is the performance value which has to be implemented on the greatest surface area, about 160 m? (Fig. 10a and b). About 90% of the surface needs the insulation performance exceeding 52 dB. Table 9 summarizes the insulation categories in relation to their corresponding surface sectors on the entire building facade whose total area is 670 m?. Similar to the first sample building, Insulation Category B was found to be implemented on 98% of the total surface area while Category A covers about 7 m’ on the facade sector directed to the climbing road.
Properties of the external wall of sample classroom. Table 10 noise levels despite of the lower traffic density. Figures given in 8b and 8c display the noise levels at 2 m from the facade obtained through the noise mapping software and the receiver points that were used in the calculations respectively. Calculated performance values in Dpraz , are shown in Fig. 9a and b. Statistical analysis indicates a skewed distribution from the normal distribution curve and 52 dB is the performance value which has to be implemented on the greatest surface area, about 160 m? (Fig. 10a and b). About 90% of the surface needs the insulation performance exceeding 52 dB. Table 9 summarizes the insulation categories in relation to their corresponding surface sectors on the entire building facade whose total area is 670 m?. Similar to the first sample building, Insulation Category B was found to be implemented on 98% of the total surface area while Category A covers about 7 m’ on the facade sector directed to the climbing road.
Fig. 12. Calculated sound transmission index at third octave bands for the classroom external wall.
Fig. 12. Calculated sound transmission index at third octave bands for the classroom external wall.
Fig. 14. Outputs of the improvement study: a. Sound transmission indexes of the improved wall. b. Field performance of the improved wall. Sound transmission index of the composite wall was -alculated at third octave bands by using Insul SW [44] (Fig. 12), hen transported into Bastian database to obtain the actual single-number insulation value (Damnrw + Ctr, 50-3150) by taking nto account the flanking paths (Fig. 13). The facade levels ybtained from Cadna-A were introduced as input source levels ufter corrected for the facade reflections as explained above. Thus the resultant Dpraz values became comparable with
Fig. 14. Outputs of the improvement study: a. Sound transmission indexes of the improved wall. b. Field performance of the improved wall. Sound transmission index of the composite wall was -alculated at third octave bands by using Insul SW [44] (Fig. 12), hen transported into Bastian database to obtain the actual single-number insulation value (Damnrw + Ctr, 50-3150) by taking nto account the flanking paths (Fig. 13). The facade levels ybtained from Cadna-A were introduced as input source levels ufter corrected for the facade reflections as explained above. Thus the resultant Dpraz values became comparable with
Fig. 13. Calculated insulation for the classroom wall by taking into account of flanking transmission (Bastian model and output).
Fig. 13. Calculated insulation for the classroom wall by taking into account of flanking transmission (Bastian model and output).
Related topics:
AcousticsNoise PollutionEnvironmental NoiseSound insulationEnvironmental Noise Maps
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