Table 1. Test conditions during assessment of Ambika paddy weeder (Source. Tayade, 2016) It isa commercially available push-type paddy weeder (Fig. 1) that consists of 5-6 serrated strips, float, frame, and a handle. Strips are uniformly cut in M-shape along their length and mounted on a round blade that is welded to the frame. The float, serrated strips, and Fig. 1: Ambika paddy weeder (Source: Netam et al., 2018) Fig. 2: Cono-weeder Basavaraj (2015) developed a self-propelled ride- on type paddy weeder at Tamil Nadu Agricultural Kunnathadi et al. (2016) developed and evaluated a self-propelled cono-weeder for rice cultivation at College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Fig. 3: Self-propelled ride-on type paddy weeder (Source: Kanth et al., 2020) Fig. 4: Views of self-propelled cono-weeder Kanth et al. (2020) designed and developed a self- propelled Cono-weeder at the College of Agricultural Engineering, JNK VV, Jabalpur. The weeder was powered by a 1.0 kW Honda petrol-start and kerosene- run engine having a working width of 150 mm. The overall dimensions of length, width, and height of the weeder were 1650 mm, 200 mm, and 1156 mm, respectively. It was found that the self-propelled cono- weeder had a field capacity of 0.033 ha.h"! with 73.92% weeding efficiency and 89% field efficiency. Side views and photograph of the cono-weeder is shown in Fig. 6. (Source: Ningthoujam et al., 2018) Fig. 5: Self-propelled cono-weeder Singh (2017) modified a paddy weeder for dry field condition at IGKVV, Raipur, Chattisgarh. Parameters Sirmour and Verma (2018) developed a power-operated single-row weeder at the Faculty of Agricultural Fig. 7: Rotary type power weeder (Sources: Remesan et al., 2007; Kunnathadi et al., 2016; Tayade, 2016; Narwariya et al., 2016, Shakya et al., 2016; Prakash et al., 2016; Singh, 2017; Netam et al., 2018; Sirmour and Verma (2018); Ningthoujam et al., 2018; Ragesh et al., 2018; Kanth et al., 2020) (Sources: Remesan et al., 2007; Kunnathadi et al., 2016; Tayade, 2016; Narwariya et al., 2016; Shakya et al., 2016; Prakash et al. , 2016; Singh, 2017; Netam et al., 2018; Sirmour and Verma (2018); Ningthoujam et al., 2018; Ragesh et al., 2018; Kanth et al., 2020) NA - Data not available Table 2. Performance of hand weeding by bare hand 5_ Average performance parameters of male and female NA - Data not available Table 3. Performance of cono-weeder NA - Data not available Table 4. Performance parameters of Ambika weeder Table 6. Performance parameters of different weeders Actual field capacity NA - Data not available *- Three-row weeder *~ Single row weeder Note: 1. Ambika weeder and cono-weeder were considered as single-row paddy weeder 2. The remaining belongs to a two-row weeder Table 5. Performance parameters of power-operated rotary weeder
