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51-6-363 Figure 10: Bead with a color value of “9” 61-5-82

Figure 10 51-6-363 Figure 10: Bead with a color value of “9” 61-5-82

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Figure 1: Locations of amber sources in Europe (Beck 1970: 8)
Figure 1: Locations of amber sources in Europe (Beck 1970: 8)
Figure 2: Examples of Egyptian jewelry (Galway 1954: 11) ancient Near East in writing (as discussed above), burials, and decoration.
Figure 2: Examples of Egyptian jewelry (Galway 1954: 11) ancient Near East in writing (as discussed above), burials, and decoration.
Figure 3: Examples of Assyrian jewelry and decoration (Galway 1954: 157) burials for thousands of years, and are arguably the most common grave good along with organic
Figure 3: Examples of Assyrian jewelry and decoration (Galway 1954: 157) burials for thousands of years, and are arguably the most common grave good along with organic
Figure 4: Prehistoric Trade Routes in Europe (Cleland 1927: 235) suggested trade routes which brought in these materials.
Figure 4: Prehistoric Trade Routes in Europe (Cleland 1927: 235) suggested trade routes which brought in these materials.
Figure 5: Maps of different plant families and their locations in the Mediterranean and Near East
Figure 5: Maps of different plant families and their locations in the Mediterranean and Near East
Mediterranean distribution of the principal resin-producing coniferous trees and shrubs. gradually declining until the 4" century BC (Navarro 1925: 480).
Mediterranean distribution of the principal resin-producing coniferous trees and shrubs. gradually declining until the 4" century BC (Navarro 1925: 480).
Mediterranean distribution of some non-coniferous resin-producing plants. Abbreviations: Eg = Egypt, Si= Sinai, NA= North Africa, Is = Israel, Jo= Jordan, Le = Lebanon, Sy = Syria, ET = south Eastern Turkey (east of 32°), WI =south Western Turkey (west of 32°), Cy = Cyprus, Cr = Crete, AI = Aegean Islands, Gr = Greece. Concordance: X = present, O = distribution in dispute, ? = possibly indigenous.
Mediterranean distribution of some non-coniferous resin-producing plants. Abbreviations: Eg = Egypt, Si= Sinai, NA= North Africa, Is = Israel, Jo= Jordan, Le = Lebanon, Sy = Syria, ET = south Eastern Turkey (east of 32°), WI =south Western Turkey (west of 32°), Cy = Cyprus, Cr = Crete, AI = Aegean Islands, Gr = Greece. Concordance: X = present, O = distribution in dispute, ? = possibly indigenous.
Figure 7: A map of the eleven sites of this study in the Near East
Figure 7: A map of the eleven sites of this study in the Near East
Figure 8: A pie chart of the total number of resinous artifacts in this study
Figure 8: A pie chart of the total number of resinous artifacts in this study
Figure 9: Bead with a color value of “3” 51-6- - Craftsmanship: Craftsmanship in this instance was also considered on a numerical scale
Figure 9: Bead with a color value of “3” 51-6- - Craftsmanship: Craftsmanship in this instance was also considered on a numerical scale
Figure 13: Example of “oblong” shape (65-31-728) Figure 12: Example of “semi-circular” shape (33-47-72) straight lines and flat planes, as seen in the examples.
Figure 13: Example of “oblong” shape (65-31-728) Figure 12: Example of “semi-circular” shape (33-47-72) straight lines and flat planes, as seen in the examples.
Figure 15: Example of “rectangular” shape (65-3 1-728) Figure 14: Example of “spherical” shape (86-18-596)
Figure 15: Example of “rectangular” shape (65-3 1-728) Figure 14: Example of “spherical” shape (86-18-596)
Figure 16: Examples of “square” shape (CG841912)
Figure 16: Examples of “square” shape (CG841912)
Figure 18: Examples of “geometric” shape (29-65-438)
Figure 18: Examples of “geometric” shape (29-65-438)
Figure 19: Example of “crumbled” artifact (61-14-753)
Figure 19: Example of “crumbled” artifact (61-14-753)
Figure 20: Box and whisker plot displaying the In(EstimatedVolume) distribution of the eleven sites in mm° beads, therefore giving the large (but misleading) range.
Figure 20: Box and whisker plot displaying the In(EstimatedVolume) distribution of the eleven sites in mm° beads, therefore giving the large (but misleading) range.
Figure 21: Bar graph comparing the average estimated volumes for the four main sites Weight:
Figure 21: Bar graph comparing the average estimated volumes for the four main sites Weight:
are most likely some form of amber. Figure 22: Box and whisker plot displaying the log(Weight) distribution of the eleven sites
are most likely some form of amber. Figure 22: Box and whisker plot displaying the log(Weight) distribution of the eleven sites
Figure 23: Bar graph comparing the average weight of the four main sites
Figure 23: Bar graph comparing the average weight of the four main sites
Figure 24: Examples of high craftsmanship levels (71-23-361) (65-31-389) quality than at the other sites — 79% valued between skill levels 4 and 6.
Figure 24: Examples of high craftsmanship levels (71-23-361) (65-31-389) quality than at the other sites — 79% valued between skill levels 4 and 6.
4, showing an overall lower level of craftsmanship than all other sites except Beth Shemesh.
4, showing an overall lower level of craftsmanship than all other sites except Beth Shemesh.
Figure 25: Example of a resin bead with severe cracking (75-29-232) 25), or simply because of chemical changes over thousands of years (Beck 1970). be Opaque because of the abundance of cracking and fissures within and on the surface — see Fig
Figure 25: Example of a resin bead with severe cracking (75-29-232) 25), or simply because of chemical changes over thousands of years (Beck 1970). be Opaque because of the abundance of cracking and fissures within and on the surface — see Fig
Table 2: Opacity of Resin Samples Denderah most likely did. Inclusions/ Cracks:
Table 2: Opacity of Resin Samples Denderah most likely did. Inclusions/ Cracks:
hidden in resin from other sites. clarity as well, and the resulting effect could be the identification of the inclusions otherwise dition to the inclusions. This quality of the sample does not necessarily reflect any state of the
hidden in resin from other sites. clarity as well, and the resulting effect could be the identification of the inclusions otherwise dition to the inclusions. This quality of the sample does not necessarily reflect any state of the
Table 4: Cracks in Resin of different families of resins to pressure and time. comparison to others could potentially be the basis for the future study of resins and the reaction
Table 4: Cracks in Resin of different families of resins to pressure and time. comparison to others could potentially be the basis for the future study of resins and the reaction
Table 5: Color of Resin Samples the craftsmanship category, and is interesting to note again in relation to color.
Table 5: Color of Resin Samples the craftsmanship category, and is interesting to note again in relation to color.
Figure 26: Pie charts of color values at both Hasanlu and Denderah
Figure 26: Pie charts of color values at both Hasanlu and Denderah
Figure 27: The many different colors of Baltic amber (Amber Workshop 2006) geographical point, color alone is an unreliable indicator of original location (see Fig. 27 below).
Figure 27: The many different colors of Baltic amber (Amber Workshop 2006) geographical point, color alone is an unreliable indicator of original location (see Fig. 27 below).
Figure 28: A comparison of average color values to average craftsmanship values Function/ Type:
Figure 28: A comparison of average color values to average craftsmanship values Function/ Type:
Figure 29: Example of a large spacer bead (65-31-389) or more holes, see Fig. 29), and “seed beads”, or, very tiny beads. As seen in Table 6, beads are the most numerous. However, this exponential presence of
Figure 29: Example of a large spacer bead (65-31-389) or more holes, see Fig. 29), and “seed beads”, or, very tiny beads. As seen in Table 6, beads are the most numerous. However, this exponential presence of
Table 6: Type/ Function of Resin Samples size, Hasanlu has the most variety of resin types. Shape: on resin artifacts in the form of beads and tokens. As can be expected from its largest sample
Table 6: Type/ Function of Resin Samples size, Hasanlu has the most variety of resin types. Shape: on resin artifacts in the form of beads and tokens. As can be expected from its largest sample
Table 7: Shape of Resin Samples significant amount of semi-circular beads as well (24.1%).
Table 7: Shape of Resin Samples significant amount of semi-circular beads as well (24.1%).
Figure 30: Circular beads from Denderah (29-65-438) to their mixed nature, that they came from the same necklace, or even the same provenience.
Figure 30: Circular beads from Denderah (29-65-438) to their mixed nature, that they came from the same necklace, or even the same provenience.
Figure 31: Pie chart showing the varieties of the shapes of resinous artifacts from Hasanlu
Figure 31: Pie chart showing the varieties of the shapes of resinous artifacts from Hasanlu
Figure 32: Pie chart showing the varieties of the shapes of resinous artifacts from Nippur
Figure 32: Pie chart showing the varieties of the shapes of resinous artifacts from Nippur
‘igure 34: Bar graph comparing the average values of opacity, color, and craftsmanship for the four main sites created a funnel for European amber to come into the Near East.
‘igure 34: Bar graph comparing the average values of opacity, color, and craftsmanship for the four main sites created a funnel for European amber to come into the Near East.
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