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Table 1. The identification, location and chronology of the analysed human bone samples. Sample S22 was selected from the archaeological site located at Vorniceni villag (commune Vorniceni, Botosani county) (Figure 1) which is situated on the terraces belongins to the Jijia river basins. The human remains discovered at Vorniceni (Botosani county) are represented by 12 disarticulated bones that were identified in different ritual pits, whicl contains large amounts of richly decorated pottery, and animal bones”. The human bone: were attributed based on the associated artefacts identified in the pits to the Cucuteni A-E communities. The human bone which was sampled for diagenetic and aDNA analysis wa classified based on the anthropological analysis as being a long bone (femur) coming from ar adult male, age 40”,

Table 1 The identification, location and chronology of the analysed human bone samples. Sample S22 was selected from the archaeological site located at Vorniceni villag (commune Vorniceni, Botosani county) (Figure 1) which is situated on the terraces belongins to the Jijia river basins. The human remains discovered at Vorniceni (Botosani county) are represented by 12 disarticulated bones that were identified in different ritual pits, whicl contains large amounts of richly decorated pottery, and animal bones”. The human bone: were attributed based on the associated artefacts identified in the pits to the Cucuteni A-E communities. The human bone which was sampled for diagenetic and aDNA analysis wa classified based on the anthropological analysis as being a long bone (femur) coming from ar adult male, age 40”,

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Figure 1. The location of the archaeological sites from where the bone samples were selected.
Figure 1. The location of the archaeological sites from where the bone samples were selected.
Figure 3. Chemical composition of the outer (ext) and inner (int) surface of the bone samples from Vorniceni (S22), Popeni (PM1) and Tarnita (T72).
Figure 3. Chemical composition of the outer (ext) and inner (int) surface of the bone samples from Vorniceni (S22), Popeni (PM1) and Tarnita (T72).
Figure 4. Low-magnification (a, b, c) and high-magnification (d, e, f) images of the bone samples fror Vorniceni (S22) (a, d), Popeni (PM1) (b, e) and Tarnita (T72) (c, f) Diagenetic analysis and historical interpretations. Case studies from eastern Romania
Figure 4. Low-magnification (a, b, c) and high-magnification (d, e, f) images of the bone samples fror Vorniceni (S22) (a, d), Popeni (PM1) (b, e) and Tarnita (T72) (c, f) Diagenetic analysis and historical interpretations. Case studies from eastern Romania
Figure 5. ATR-FTIR spectra of the outer (ext) and inner (int) surface of the bone samples from Isaiia (M13, M15, M18).
Figure 5. ATR-FTIR spectra of the outer (ext) and inner (int) surface of the bone samples from Isaiia (M13, M15, M18).
Figure 6. Chemical composition of the outer (ext) and inner (int) surface of the bone samples from Isaiia (M13, M15, M18). Diagenetic analysis and historical interpretations. Case studies from eastern Romania
Figure 6. Chemical composition of the outer (ext) and inner (int) surface of the bone samples from Isaiia (M13, M15, M18). Diagenetic analysis and historical interpretations. Case studies from eastern Romania
Figure 8. ATR-FTIR spectra of the outer (ext) and inner (int) surface
Figure 8. ATR-FTIR spectra of the outer (ext) and inner (int) surface
Figure 9. Chemical composition of the outer (ext) and inner (int) surface of the bone samples from Capidava (M1, M3, M4).
Figure 9. Chemical composition of the outer (ext) and inner (int) surface of the bone samples from Capidava (M1, M3, M4).
Figure 10. Low-magnification (a, b, c) and high-magnification (d, e, f) images of the bone samples from Capidava (M1-a, d, M3-b, e, M4-c, f). a De and helped us to understand the limited extension of the diagenetic alterations. The SEM microphotographs presented in Figure 10 exhibits typical field of good bone preservation. However, there are gradations of preservations within the analysed bone samples from Capidava such as the very fine cracks (Figure 10/a-c) resulting from microfractures lines originated by soil pressure and products of the diagenetic crystallization process (e.g., calcite crystals revealed by the ATR-FTIR spectra and spot EDX analysis)*’. Thus, newly crystallized structures can sometimes aggregate and partly break up the internal structure of the bone causing the appearance of the hypermineralized zones (Figure 10/d). It is therefore not surprising that the microscopically well preserved medieval specimens (Figure 10) produced much better Amide I (collagen) values evidenced on the ATR- FTIR vibration bands (Figure 8) than the sample relatively less well preserved EBA bone sample from Popeni (Figure 4/b, e).
Figure 10. Low-magnification (a, b, c) and high-magnification (d, e, f) images of the bone samples from Capidava (M1-a, d, M3-b, e, M4-c, f). a De and helped us to understand the limited extension of the diagenetic alterations. The SEM microphotographs presented in Figure 10 exhibits typical field of good bone preservation. However, there are gradations of preservations within the analysed bone samples from Capidava such as the very fine cracks (Figure 10/a-c) resulting from microfractures lines originated by soil pressure and products of the diagenetic crystallization process (e.g., calcite crystals revealed by the ATR-FTIR spectra and spot EDX analysis)*’. Thus, newly crystallized structures can sometimes aggregate and partly break up the internal structure of the bone causing the appearance of the hypermineralized zones (Figure 10/d). It is therefore not surprising that the microscopically well preserved medieval specimens (Figure 10) produced much better Amide I (collagen) values evidenced on the ATR- FTIR vibration bands (Figure 8) than the sample relatively less well preserved EBA bone sample from Popeni (Figure 4/b, e).
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