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The station and unit capacity of small-scale hydropower are: Table 2: Classification of Hydro Power Plant

Table 2 The station and unit capacity of small-scale hydropower are: Table 2: Classification of Hydro Power Plant

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Table 1: Represents flow rate and realistic power output Hydropower can be classified on the basis of installed capacity, as large, medium, small, mini, and micro hydrc power plants. The mini, micro and Pico hydro plants come under the subcategory of small hydro plants. These are briefly described in Table 2. Where e = efficiency factor (0.5 to 0.7). The efficiency factor of 0.7 has been used for reliability evaluation of the proposed system based on sewage waste water. Table | represents the output power of different types of head and flow of water.
Table 1: Represents flow rate and realistic power output Hydropower can be classified on the basis of installed capacity, as large, medium, small, mini, and micro hydrc power plants. The mini, micro and Pico hydro plants come under the subcategory of small hydro plants. These are briefly described in Table 2. Where e = efficiency factor (0.5 to 0.7). The efficiency factor of 0.7 has been used for reliability evaluation of the proposed system based on sewage waste water. Table | represents the output power of different types of head and flow of water.
Table 3: Comparisons of Penstock Materials (B) Selection of Turbines
Table 3: Comparisons of Penstock Materials (B) Selection of Turbines
The option is thus a compact ultra-low- head turbine running at a medium speed, which can be located in the discharge pit, submerged or located prior to the exit flow from the treatment works. Such a turbine should be able to utilize the existing civil structures and be environmentally friendly, cost-effective, durable, a high load factor installation and efficient as a conventional turbine. There are a few different options for low head turbines that can be retrofitted or installed into water and wastewater facilities. At present, at least six types of water turbine can be used based on research studies, manufacturer literature and case histories. Some of these turbines are similar and operate with the same concept as conventional turbines but are modified to take many economic and engineering factors into consideration. They include: Archimedes screw turbines, pit turbines, open flume turbines, watermills, tube turbines and siphonic turbines. Each type operates over a limited range of head and flow. hydropower application technically unfeasible.
The option is thus a compact ultra-low- head turbine running at a medium speed, which can be located in the discharge pit, submerged or located prior to the exit flow from the treatment works. Such a turbine should be able to utilize the existing civil structures and be environmentally friendly, cost-effective, durable, a high load factor installation and efficient as a conventional turbine. There are a few different options for low head turbines that can be retrofitted or installed into water and wastewater facilities. At present, at least six types of water turbine can be used based on research studies, manufacturer literature and case histories. Some of these turbines are similar and operate with the same concept as conventional turbines but are modified to take many economic and engineering factors into consideration. They include: Archimedes screw turbines, pit turbines, open flume turbines, watermills, tube turbines and siphonic turbines. Each type operates over a limited range of head and flow. hydropower application technically unfeasible.
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