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Distance Measures. The Indiana team identified additional bots by computing the cosine similarity between users and known bots. Figure 4 shows the kernel density estimation of the pairwise cosine distance between pairs of feature vectors characterizing two bots, compared to bot-human pairs. The distances between bot pairs are much smaller than bot-human pairs. The bot-bot distance exhibits a bimodal distribution that reflects the presence of two types of bots designed by two teams. Sentimetri: achieved similar success using Jaccard distance. distance between pairs of feature vectors characterizing two bots, compared to bot-human pairs. The

Figure 4 Distance Measures. The Indiana team identified additional bots by computing the cosine similarity between users and known bots. Figure 4 shows the kernel density estimation of the pairwise cosine distance between pairs of feature vectors characterizing two bots, compared to bot-human pairs. The distances between bot pairs are much smaller than bot-human pairs. The bot-bot distance exhibits a bimodal distribution that reflects the presence of two types of bots designed by two teams. Sentimetri: achieved similar success using Jaccard distance. distance between pairs of feature vectors characterizing two bots, compared to bot-human pairs. The

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Figure 4. Kernel density estimation of the cosine Distance between bot-bot pairs (blue) and bot- human pairs.
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Vadim Kagan is a technologist with over 30 years of experience in building large-scale systems; he is a founder and president of SentiMetrix
Vadim Kagan is a technologist with over 30 years of experience in building large-scale systems; he is a founder and president of SentiMetrix
Linhong Zhu is a Computer Scientist at the Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California.
Linhong Zhu is a Computer Scientist at the Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California.
Emilio Ferrara was a Research Scientist at the Indiana University Network Science Institute. Currently he is a Computer Scientist at the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute. Emilio Ferrara was a Research Scientist at the Indiana University Network Science Institute. Currently he
Emilio Ferrara was a Research Scientist at the Indiana University Network Science Institute. Currently he is a Computer Scientist at the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute. Emilio Ferrara was a Research Scientist at the Indiana University Network Science Institute. Currently he
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