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Fig. 5. a. Bronze object (AE 713) from FS1 with burnt pinecones adhered to its surface; b. a large piece of corroded iron (AE 705, original dimensions m 0.38 x 0.14 x 0.12) from the same layer of FS1.Fig. 6. a. Bronze object (AE 713) from FS1 with burnt pinecones adhered to its surface; b. a large piece of corroded iron (AE 705, original dimensions m 0.38 x 0.14 x 0.12) from the same layer of FS1.

Figure 5 a. Bronze object (AE 713) from FS1 with burnt pinecones adhered to its surface; b. a large piece of corroded iron (AE 705, original dimensions m 0.38 x 0.14 x 0.12) from the same layer of FS1.Fig. 6. a. Bronze object (AE 713) from FS1 with burnt pinecones adhered to its surface; b. a large piece of corroded iron (AE 705, original dimensions m 0.38 x 0.14 x 0.12) from the same layer of FS1.

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Fig. 2. The excavation on 1293 D (archaeologists: Ch. Kantzia, E. Papanikolaou, drawing E. Tsampouniari). Part of the eastern stoa is revealed (1), and to its west the foundations of a Roman tholos (2) were found. Two rooms of the eastern stoa were also found (3, 4). The two rooms are separated by an EW passage (5), connecting the agora’s courtyard with the eastern part of the town. To their west, a NS street (6) was revealed, forming the agora’s eastern border.
Fig. 2. The excavation on 1293 D (archaeologists: Ch. Kantzia, E. Papanikolaou, drawing E. Tsampouniari). Part of the eastern stoa is revealed (1), and to its west the foundations of a Roman tholos (2) were found. Two rooms of the eastern stoa were also found (3, 4). The two rooms are separated by an EW passage (5), connecting the agora’s courtyard with the eastern part of the town. To their west, a NS street (6) was revealed, forming the agora’s eastern border.
Fig. 3. Compilation of successfully (blue) and unsuccessfully produced EB pellets from FS1 (AE 714), with colours varying fro1 blue to brown and from green to greyish purple.
Fig. 3. Compilation of successfully (blue) and unsuccessfully produced EB pellets from FS1 (AE 714), with colours varying fro1 blue to brown and from green to greyish purple.
Fig. 4. A selection of earth pigments from the Koan workshop after (Kostomitsopoulou Marketou, Kouzeli, Facorellis 2019).
Fig. 4. A selection of earth pigments from the Koan workshop after (Kostomitsopoulou Marketou, Kouzeli, Facorellis 2019).
Fig. 6. a. Hollow, tubular litharge rods from the deposit on the south of the well (AE 535). The rods have slightly varying dimensions, and their colour varies between pink and white; b. Amorphous lead lumps and drops from a deposit on the south of wall 2 (AE 878).
Fig. 6. a. Hollow, tubular litharge rods from the deposit on the south of the well (AE 535). The rods have slightly varying dimensions, and their colour varies between pink and white; b. Amorphous lead lumps and drops from a deposit on the south of wall 2 (AE 878).
Fig. 7. Lime lumps from the hearth of fire-structure 1 (AE 715).
Fig. 7. Lime lumps from the hearth of fire-structure 1 (AE 715).
The material remains of the pigment and metal production site
The material remains of the pigment and metal production site
Fig. 10. Calibrated dates for two samples of pinecones from FS1. The analysis was carried out by Dr I. Hajdas at the Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, ETH Zitrich. Fig. 9. The late Hellenistic o/pe from the hearth of fire-structure 1 (AE 706).
Fig. 10. Calibrated dates for two samples of pinecones from FS1. The analysis was carried out by Dr I. Hajdas at the Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, ETH Zitrich. Fig. 9. The late Hellenistic o/pe from the hearth of fire-structure 1 (AE 706).
Fig. 11. Plan and section of wall 2 (drawing by M. Sandalos, 22"4 Ephorate of Antiquities). The wall is laid directly on the tile-floor, partially destroying it. Wall 2 served as a support for the fire-structures that were organised across its length. The openings high- lighted in the section of wall 2 are thought to have facilitated air ventilation for the kilns.
Fig. 11. Plan and section of wall 2 (drawing by M. Sandalos, 22"4 Ephorate of Antiquities). The wall is laid directly on the tile-floor, partially destroying it. Wall 2 served as a support for the fire-structures that were organised across its length. The openings high- lighted in the section of wall 2 are thought to have facilitated air ventilation for the kilns.
Fig. 12. Walls 28, 24 and 25 (partially covered) from the south (unpublished photograph by E. Papanikolaou, 2010).
Fig. 12. Walls 28, 24 and 25 (partially covered) from the south (unpublished photograph by E. Papanikolaou, 2010).
Fig. 13. Wall 4 from the east (unpublished photograph by Ch. Kantzia, 17/9/1986). The partially shaped stone can be dis- tinguished. Its upper surface is shaped to a smaller size, with dimensions 0.90 m x 0.40 m.
Fig. 13. Wall 4 from the east (unpublished photograph by Ch. Kantzia, 17/9/1986). The partially shaped stone can be dis- tinguished. Its upper surface is shaped to a smaller size, with dimensions 0.90 m x 0.40 m.
Fig. 14. Fire-structure 1 (photograph taken from the south, after Kantzia, Kouzeli 1987).
Fig. 14. Fire-structure 1 (photograph taken from the south, after Kantzia, Kouzeli 1987).
Fig. 15. The section of FS1 from the north, before the excava- tion of the area (photograph by Ch. Kantzia, 22™ Ephorate of Antiquities). The upper layer consists of burnt soil, followed by the burnt pinecones. The layers of burnt material are laid on top of a layer of small limestones, following west-to-east inclination.
Fig. 15. The section of FS1 from the north, before the excava- tion of the area (photograph by Ch. Kantzia, 22™ Ephorate of Antiquities). The upper layer consists of burnt soil, followed by the burnt pinecones. The layers of burnt material are laid on top of a layer of small limestones, following west-to-east inclination.
Fig. 18. Corroded silver was detected on the material loosely adhered to one of the EB pellets from FS1. a) The EB sphere with the detached black crust. b) Backscattered electron micrograph (2000 x) of an uncoated sample from the detached material under the scanning electron microscope (JEOL JSM-650 SEM, equipped with an Oxford X-act Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer, using the INCAenergy software). The microscopic observation was performed in low vacuum (30 Pa) and with 20 kV accelerating voltage, without conductive coating of the samples. c) Semi-quantitative elemental composition of the sample from the EDS analysis.
Fig. 18. Corroded silver was detected on the material loosely adhered to one of the EB pellets from FS1. a) The EB sphere with the detached black crust. b) Backscattered electron micrograph (2000 x) of an uncoated sample from the detached material under the scanning electron microscope (JEOL JSM-650 SEM, equipped with an Oxford X-act Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer, using the INCAenergy software). The microscopic observation was performed in low vacuum (30 Pa) and with 20 kV accelerating voltage, without conductive coating of the samples. c) Semi-quantitative elemental composition of the sample from the EDS analysis.
Fig. 19. Iron nail from the deposit of lead masses, possibly re- lated to the cupellation process (AE 778).
Fig. 19. Iron nail from the deposit of lead masses, possibly re- lated to the cupellation process (AE 778).
Fig. 20. Successful, partially successful and unsuccessful pellets of Egyptian blue from FS1.
Fig. 20. Successful, partially successful and unsuccessful pellets of Egyptian blue from FS1.
Fig. 21. a. Successfully produced EB sphere from FS1, adhered to a corroded iron nail (AE 714); b. unsuccessfully produced EB sphere (greyish colour) adhered to corroded copper mate- rial (AE 714). Fig. 22. Pottery sherd with ground Egyptian blue adhered to its interior surface (AE 1844).
Fig. 21. a. Successfully produced EB sphere from FS1, adhered to a corroded iron nail (AE 714); b. unsuccessfully produced EB sphere (greyish colour) adhered to corroded copper mate- rial (AE 714). Fig. 22. Pottery sherd with ground Egyptian blue adhered to its interior surface (AE 1844).
Related topics:
Ancient MetallurgyHellenistic archaeologyHistory of Pigments
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