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Figure (4): Relation of the dimensionless parameter (q/kL) with (H/L) ratio for homogenous earth dams “e The relation between the dimensionless parameter (q/kL) and the ratio of the dam height to the horizontal drain length (H/L) is shown in Figure (4). This relation concludes that the seepage through earth dam increased with increasing the dam height if the other affecting parameters are constant. It’s worth to mention, the relation (difference) between the dam height and the free board (Fg) means height of the water surface (h) in the upstream reservoir.

Figure 4 (4): Relation of the dimensionless parameter (q/kL) with (H/L) ratio for homogenous earth dams “e The relation between the dimensionless parameter (q/kL) and the ratio of the dam height to the horizontal drain length (H/L) is shown in Figure (4). This relation concludes that the seepage through earth dam increased with increasing the dam height if the other affecting parameters are constant. It’s worth to mention, the relation (difference) between the dam height and the free board (Fg) means height of the water surface (h) in the upstream reservoir.

Related Figures (10)

Figure (1): General section of homogenous earth dam with horizontal toe drain wien “a — a aaa did iaiaaien: ebemaiaiaiiaaae: “ee In this research, a dimensional analysis was applied to predict an empirical equation for letermining the seepage quantity through homogenous earth dams with horizontal drain, as hown in Figure (1). From this figure, the possible variables affecting on the quantity of seepage er unit width (q) are:
Figure (1): General section of homogenous earth dam with horizontal toe drain wien “a — a aaa did iaiaaien: ebemaiaiaiiaaae: “ee In this research, a dimensional analysis was applied to predict an empirical equation for letermining the seepage quantity through homogenous earth dams with horizontal drain, as hown in Figure (1). From this figure, the possible variables affecting on the quantity of seepage er unit width (q) are:
Figure (2): Relation of the dimensionless parameter (q/kL) with the upstream slope (tan®) for homogenous earth dams Figure (2) represents the relation between the dimensionless parameter (q/kL) and upstream slope of the homogenous earth dam (tan@) for some testing cases. From this figure it can be seen hat if the downstream slope (tana), height of the dam (H), free board (Fg) and permeability (k) are constant, a little increasing in the quantity of seepage (q), not more than 1%, occurs with increasing the upstream slope from 1:3 to 1:2.5 for all cases. Also, this figure concludes that for he same values of upstream and downstream slopes (tan@ & tana), height of the dam (H), free board (Fg) and top width (b), the quantity of seepage increases with increasing the horizontal toe drain (L). Moreover, this figure shows that the seepage discharge decreases with increasing the op width when the remaining variables are constant.
Figure (2): Relation of the dimensionless parameter (q/kL) with the upstream slope (tan®) for homogenous earth dams Figure (2) represents the relation between the dimensionless parameter (q/kL) and upstream slope of the homogenous earth dam (tan@) for some testing cases. From this figure it can be seen hat if the downstream slope (tana), height of the dam (H), free board (Fg) and permeability (k) are constant, a little increasing in the quantity of seepage (q), not more than 1%, occurs with increasing the upstream slope from 1:3 to 1:2.5 for all cases. Also, this figure concludes that for he same values of upstream and downstream slopes (tan@ & tana), height of the dam (H), free board (Fg) and top width (b), the quantity of seepage increases with increasing the horizontal toe drain (L). Moreover, this figure shows that the seepage discharge decreases with increasing the op width when the remaining variables are constant.
Figure (3): Relation of the dimensionless parameter (q/kL) with the downstream slope (tana) for homogenous earth dams 0.3,2016 Computation of Seepage through Homogenous Earth Dams with Horizontal Toe Drain
Figure (3): Relation of the dimensionless parameter (q/kL) with the downstream slope (tana) for homogenous earth dams 0.3,2016 Computation of Seepage through Homogenous Earth Dams with Horizontal Toe Drain
Figure (5): Relation of the dimensionless parameter (q/kL) with (Fp/L) ratio for homogenous earth dams No.3,2016 Computation of Seepage through Homogenous Earth Dams with Horizontal Toe Drain
Figure (5): Relation of the dimensionless parameter (q/kL) with (Fp/L) ratio for homogenous earth dams No.3,2016 Computation of Seepage through Homogenous Earth Dams with Horizontal Toe Drain
Figure (6): Relation of the dimensionless parameter (q/kL) with (b/L) ratio for homogenous earth dams Figure (6) shows the relation between the dimensionless parameter (q/kL) and the ratio of the top width to the drain length (b/L). This figure concludes the same result that shown in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5, where the seepage discharge decreases with increasing the top width of the dam when all other parameters are constant.
Figure (6): Relation of the dimensionless parameter (q/kL) with (b/L) ratio for homogenous earth dams Figure (6) shows the relation between the dimensionless parameter (q/kL) and the ratio of the top width to the drain length (b/L). This figure concludes the same result that shown in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5, where the seepage discharge decreases with increasing the top width of the dam when all other parameters are constant.
Figure (7): Relation between the observed unit discharge by SEEP/W program and calculated from empirical equation Figure (7) shows the relation between the remaining one-third results of the unit discharge through homogenous earth dam were observed from SEEP/W program and those that which calculated from the Equation 3 using the same characteristics and geometry boundary conditions. From this figure, it can be seen a very good agreement between the results of program and equation. Also, for verification of the correctness and accuracy of the above empirical equation, it was applied on a number of homogenous earth dams have geometries outside the scope of the dimensions that were used in the derivation of this equation, as mentioned above in section of procedure of running of SEEP/W program. The results of calculated seepage discharge from this equation show a very slight difference when comparing these results with the observed results by SEEP/W program, as shown in Table (1). The above results conclude that the derivative empirical equation has very good confidence; also it is very easy, when applying this equation for calculating the seepage discharge through homogenous earth dam with horizontal toe drain.
Figure (7): Relation between the observed unit discharge by SEEP/W program and calculated from empirical equation Figure (7) shows the relation between the remaining one-third results of the unit discharge through homogenous earth dam were observed from SEEP/W program and those that which calculated from the Equation 3 using the same characteristics and geometry boundary conditions. From this figure, it can be seen a very good agreement between the results of program and equation. Also, for verification of the correctness and accuracy of the above empirical equation, it was applied on a number of homogenous earth dams have geometries outside the scope of the dimensions that were used in the derivation of this equation, as mentioned above in section of procedure of running of SEEP/W program. The results of calculated seepage discharge from this equation show a very slight difference when comparing these results with the observed results by SEEP/W program, as shown in Table (1). The above results conclude that the derivative empirical equation has very good confidence; also it is very easy, when applying this equation for calculating the seepage discharge through homogenous earth dam with horizontal toe drain.
Table (2): Data subsets division percent
Table (2): Data subsets division percent
Table (3): Percent of importance for geometries of homogenous earth dams with horizontal toe drain
Table (3): Percent of importance for geometries of homogenous earth dams with horizontal toe drain
can be seen that the length of horizontal toe drain (L) has importance ratio 46.7%, that means 1 is the more affecting geometrical variable on seepage quantity through homogenous earth dams while the upstream slope (tan9) of the earth dam has a little importance ratio which is 1.7%.
can be seen that the length of horizontal toe drain (L) has importance ratio 46.7%, that means 1 is the more affecting geometrical variable on seepage quantity through homogenous earth dams while the upstream slope (tan9) of the earth dam has a little importance ratio which is 1.7%.
Related topics:
Dam - Seepage Analysis
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