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Fig 16: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Mandarmani Fig 15: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in on Sona Muhi

Figure 16 Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Mandarmani Fig 15: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in on Sona Muhi

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Dandapath and Bhushan, 2013, p. 46). It has a MSL of 6 mts (20 ft.). The present analysis is concerned with the coastal width of 3 KM from the LTL, where major tourism establishments are located and which bears the brunt of major coastal hazards like srosion/accretion, cyclone and surges. Majumdar, 2015,). The study area from Udaipur Beach to Mandarmani Beach is stretched between 21°36”39.36’ N latitude & 87°29"02.30’E longitude to 21°39"51.57’N latitude & 87°42”21.90’E longitude (Plate 1). Digha & Mandarmani falls under Contai division of East-Medinipur district (Mandal, Fig 1: Geographical Position of the Study Area (from Google Earth Images
Dandapath and Bhushan, 2013, p. 46). It has a MSL of 6 mts (20 ft.). The present analysis is concerned with the coastal width of 3 KM from the LTL, where major tourism establishments are located and which bears the brunt of major coastal hazards like srosion/accretion, cyclone and surges. Majumdar, 2015,). The study area from Udaipur Beach to Mandarmani Beach is stretched between 21°36”39.36’ N latitude & 87°29"02.30’E longitude to 21°39"51.57’N latitude & 87°42”21.90’E longitude (Plate 1). Digha & Mandarmani falls under Contai division of East-Medinipur district (Mandal, Fig 1: Geographical Position of the Study Area (from Google Earth Images
Fig 3: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Udaipur The long shoreline from Udaipur to Mandarmani was divided in to ten segments for focussed analysis according to the tourist activities. These were Udaipur, New Digha, Old Digha, Digha Mohona, Raypur, Jamra Shyampur, Shankarpur, Bera Kana, Tajpur, Sona Muhi and Mandarmani (Plate 2). Furthermore all the ten segments were further subdivided into seventeen smaller segments for accurate analysis.
Fig 3: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Udaipur The long shoreline from Udaipur to Mandarmani was divided in to ten segments for focussed analysis according to the tourist activities. These were Udaipur, New Digha, Old Digha, Digha Mohona, Raypur, Jamra Shyampur, Shankarpur, Bera Kana, Tajpur, Sona Muhi and Mandarmani (Plate 2). Furthermore all the ten segments were further subdivided into seventeen smaller segments for accurate analysis.
Fig 2: Total Mapped Shoreline of the Study Area Study Area with Tourist Spots & Villages (from Google Earth Images)
Fig 2: Total Mapped Shoreline of the Study Area Study Area with Tourist Spots & Villages (from Google Earth Images)
Fig 4: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in New Digha
Fig 4: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in New Digha
Fig 5: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in New Digha Fig 6: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Digha Mohona
Fig 5: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in New Digha Fig 6: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Digha Mohona
Fig 7: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Digha Mohona
Fig 7: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Digha Mohona
Fig 8: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Raypur
Fig 8: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Raypur
Fig 9: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Jamra Shyampur
Fig 9: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Jamra Shyampur
Fig 10: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Shankarpur
Fig 10: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Shankarpur
Fig 12: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Tajpur Fig 11: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Shankarpur
Fig 12: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Tajpur Fig 11: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Shankarpur
Fig 13: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Tajpur
Fig 13: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Tajpur
Fig 14: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Sona Muhi
Fig 14: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Year in Sona Muhi
Table 1: Long Term Erosion and Accretion Rate Estimation of shoreline
Table 1: Long Term Erosion and Accretion Rate Estimation of shoreline
Fig 17: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Years in Mandarmani
Fig 17: Shoreline Overlay of Consecutive Years in Mandarmani
Fig 18: Long Term Erosion & Accretion Rate Estimation of shoreline
Fig 18: Long Term Erosion & Accretion Rate Estimation of shoreline
Fig 19: Showing Predicted Erosion & Accretion in Shoreline of 2050 and It’s Effect on The Beach & Tourist Spot of Udaipur 5.3. Future Prediction of Shoreline Movement
Fig 19: Showing Predicted Erosion & Accretion in Shoreline of 2050 and It’s Effect on The Beach & Tourist Spot of Udaipur 5.3. Future Prediction of Shoreline Movement
Fig 20: Showing Predicted Erosion & Accretion in Shoreline of 2050 and It’s Effect on The Beach & Tourist Spot of New Dighi
Fig 20: Showing Predicted Erosion & Accretion in Shoreline of 2050 and It’s Effect on The Beach & Tourist Spot of New Dighi
Fig 21: Showing Predicted Erosion & Accretion in Shoreline of 2050 and It’s Effect on The Beach & Tourist Spot of Old Dig!
Fig 21: Showing Predicted Erosion & Accretion in Shoreline of 2050 and It’s Effect on The Beach & Tourist Spot of Old Dig!
Fig 22: Showing Predicted Erosion & Accretion in Shoreline of 2050 and It’s Effect on The Beach & Tourist Spot of Digha Mohona
Fig 22: Showing Predicted Erosion & Accretion in Shoreline of 2050 and It’s Effect on The Beach & Tourist Spot of Digha Mohona
Fig 23: Showing Predicted Erosion & Accretion in Shoreline of 2050 and It’s Effect on The Beach & Tourist Spot of Shankarpu
Fig 23: Showing Predicted Erosion & Accretion in Shoreline of 2050 and It’s Effect on The Beach & Tourist Spot of Shankarpu
Fig 24: Showing Predicted Erosion & Accretion in Shoreline of 2050 and It’s Effect on The Beach & Tourist Spot of Tajpu:
Fig 24: Showing Predicted Erosion & Accretion in Shoreline of 2050 and It’s Effect on The Beach & Tourist Spot of Tajpu:
Fig 25: Showing Predicted Erosion & Accretion in Shoreline of 2050 and It’s Effect on The Beach & Tourist Spot of Mandarmani
Fig 25: Showing Predicted Erosion & Accretion in Shoreline of 2050 and It’s Effect on The Beach & Tourist Spot of Mandarmani
Table 2: Erosion and Accretion Prediction along the shoreline by 2050 6. Conclusion coastal processes, so the construction of unscientific infrastructure along the coast along with the cumulative action of waves and tides are responsible for the erosion/accretion trends. Where wave run-up is 2.16m and tidal range varies from 2.3m to 3m (Hazra, Sen and Bhandary, 2006, p. 2) '. On the other hand a large number of sea walls and breakwaters is influencing and altering the shoreline by disturbing the sediment dynamics of the region though this seawalls and groins were actually made for the protection of beach. More over this sea shore is also most sensitive to sea level change which has a rising trend in last 20 years. The MSL is rising 3 millimetre / year (ibid). Thus, the retreating and advancing activity of this region in the natural condition influenced mainly by the human interference along with combining effect of sea level fluctuation, sediment transport and coastal processes which are beyond ambit of present study. Based on the present study, it can be concluded that accurate prediction and better understanding of shoreline movement can be done in a cost effective way using high resolution satellite data at smaller and longer intervals according to necessity and selecting short spaced transects for fishnet modelling accompanied with field survey. The accurate prediction and better understanding of shoreline movement will enable the decision makers to identify the present and future tourism zones at high risk and accordingly to appropriate suggest management measures. The present research of the shoreline movement might be helpful to devise a framework for the conservation and restorations of this coastline under severe sea erosion.
Table 2: Erosion and Accretion Prediction along the shoreline by 2050 6. Conclusion coastal processes, so the construction of unscientific infrastructure along the coast along with the cumulative action of waves and tides are responsible for the erosion/accretion trends. Where wave run-up is 2.16m and tidal range varies from 2.3m to 3m (Hazra, Sen and Bhandary, 2006, p. 2) '. On the other hand a large number of sea walls and breakwaters is influencing and altering the shoreline by disturbing the sediment dynamics of the region though this seawalls and groins were actually made for the protection of beach. More over this sea shore is also most sensitive to sea level change which has a rising trend in last 20 years. The MSL is rising 3 millimetre / year (ibid). Thus, the retreating and advancing activity of this region in the natural condition influenced mainly by the human interference along with combining effect of sea level fluctuation, sediment transport and coastal processes which are beyond ambit of present study. Based on the present study, it can be concluded that accurate prediction and better understanding of shoreline movement can be done in a cost effective way using high resolution satellite data at smaller and longer intervals according to necessity and selecting short spaced transects for fishnet modelling accompanied with field survey. The accurate prediction and better understanding of shoreline movement will enable the decision makers to identify the present and future tourism zones at high risk and accordingly to appropriate suggest management measures. The present research of the shoreline movement might be helpful to devise a framework for the conservation and restorations of this coastline under severe sea erosion.
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