Lead Acid Battery Analysis Using Spectogram 

Facta universitatis. Series electronics and energetics, 2007

This paper presents a new and improved model of a lead acid battery that takes into account if the battery is in discharging state, in charging state or in the rest period. The parameters of the model depend upon the changes in the received or delivered battery current. The method to obtain the model parameters and experimental results are also presented.

2010

In this paper batteries' models and state of charge monitoring procedures are evaluated. Modeling of batteries are intended to assist designing of power electronics devices, while monitoring procedures are intended for a more effective State Of Charge (SOC) computing. It is worth noting that this still a hard task when working with lead acid batteries. Two models and three procedures were evaluated by using experimental data, and classified accordingly with their effectiveness.

Al-Nahrain Journal of Science, 2020

This research intends to design and simulation a model of "Lead-acid battery" using OrCAD PSPICE. It can be used for most renewable energy systems applications. The circuit simulator PSPICE is used to compose battery model at Voc 12V, Isc 4.8A, and six cells at 25 C. This model has treated the battery parameters as the SOC, battery voltage and temperature of the battery at a charge and discharge state. The simulation results were compared with the battery datasheet, and it showed good agreement. The battery model of lead-acid is defined in the PSPICE library, so it could be used for most renewable energy systems applications.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2015

The paper presents the general characteristics of lead acid batteries and two charging methods of these batteries. For charging of lead batteries was used an intelligent power source K 8012 (from Velleman). The power source allows fixing the level of the battery voltage and battery capacity. The intelligent power source uses the joint method (at constant current and, then, at constant voltage) and warning that indicates different situations in the charging process. Other method of charging presented in the paper is at constant voltage using a stabilized power source. In the paper experimental measurements were carried out using data acquisition card SER 10 BIT (from Conrad) for charging/ discharging of a lead acid battery 12V/9Ah (using an intelligent power source) and charging of another high capacity lead acid battery 12V/47Ah/390 A (using a stabilized power source). At the discharging of the lead acid batteries it were used automotive lamps as electric loads. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Journal of Power Sources, 2015

A novel fuzzy model is proposed to characterise lead-acid battery discharging. An extended Kalman filter based on a fuzzy model is proposed for SoC estimation. The polarisation resistance can be estimated using this novel algorithm. Experimental validation of the proposed methodology is presented and discussed.

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2014

A model of a lead-acid battery is presented with an equivalent circuit and the parameters are determined with experiments. An inductor is added into the circuit with the consideration from the output of impedance spectrum. Extended Kalman filter for the nonlinear system is used to estimate three state variables and further to calculate the state-of-charge. The algorithm is simplified and it can be implemented for the real-time estimation with an error less than 1% in the testing with the SOC range between 60% and 100%. The testing is also conducted with a battery not fully charged and the estimation error is higher, close to 2%.

2008

The lead-acid battery, although known since strong a long time, are today even studied in an intensive way because of their economic interest bound to their use in the automotive and the renewable energies sectors. In this paper, the principle of the lead-acid battery is presented. A simple, fast, and effective equivalent circuit model structure for lead-acid batteries was implemented. The identification of the parameters of the proposed lead-acid battery model is treated. This battery model is validated by simulation using the Matlab/Simulink Software.

International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy, 2016

This paper presents a unique battery testing and quantification system to conduct advanced studies on battery Stateof-Health (SoH) and State-of-Charge (SoC). Improvements to the lead acid battery requires an intimate understanding of factors contributing to reduction of lifespan and causes of inaccurate SoC measurements. To study these properties, a testing system is developed with an objective that is twofold. First, battery behavior and precise SoC is studied through life-cycle tests from inception to analyze charge efficiency and voltage stability during charge and discharge cycles. Secondly, time and frequency domain analysis are conducted to provide insights into spectral harmonics governing electrochemistry. By administering three unique test pulses after each charging cycle, a window into quantifying battery SoH and its correlation with inaccurate SoC measurements can be identified. The test system provides an industrial tool for analyzing battery performance, as well as an educational tool for studying the utilization of energy storage.

Currently, battery is very indispensable as a power supply of various electronic devices. Therefore, research on batteries has developed rapidly and their charging-discharging properties must be characterized. This paper reports the development of an electronic system used to characterize batteries. The system consists of a programmable power source (PPS), a programmable load (PL), an amperemeter, a voltmeter, and a computer. The PPS and PL are used interchangeably, one for charging and the other for discharging. A battery under test (BUT) is directly connected to the PPS and PL interchangeably. A 1.2 V NiMH battery with a capacity of 750mAh has been characterized their charging-discharging properties. It has been found that the curves of charge and discharge are in accordance with the theories.

Athens Journal of Τechnology & Engineering

This paper deals with the determination of a battery model for different designs of lead-acid based batteries. Although batteries with gelled electrolyte and absorbent glass mat (AGM) batteries are based on the chemistry of common lead-acid batteries they differ in regards to the parameters of a battery model. In this paper several measurement methods for the identification of these parameters are presented. These parameters enable the establishment of a battery model. A precise battery model can provide the basis for a battery management system (BMS). A BMS is required due to the rising number of electrical components in modern vehicles making it necessary to control the current capability of the battery. The results presented in this paper indicate that every battery type needs a specially optimized battery management system as the behaviour and the characteristic qualities vary between the different designs.