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Cartography and its connecting role

Profile image of Liqiu MengLiqiu Meng

2016

Abstract

Starting from a discussion on the evolution of maps from omnipotent documents of rare geographic knowledge to omnipresent location-based services as digital twins of the corresponding geoobjects in the reality, the author hails the unprecedented social visibility of cartography. At the same time, she points out that it would be misleading if the modern cartography is narrowed down to the scope of instant map design and use, thus minimizing user actions to simple mouse clicks on labels attached to the individual locations rather than exploring the vast information space between the locations. She appeals for the connection-oriented research and development of visual analytical open platforms for relational information in big data. In oder to shed some light on cartographers’ contributions in geodata science and citizen science, she reviewed three doctoral theses dedicated to discovering events, behaviors, correlations and causal relations embedded in large datasets and social media. ...

Figures (8)
Figure 1. Five tents (red) are involved in a single event “draft beer service” at the October Festival in Munich (Polous 2016)
Figure 1. Five tents (red) are involved in a single event “draft beer service” at the October Festival in Munich (Polous 2016)
A number of event collection methods were introduced and implemented in the thesis. First, a plugin “Event Editor” was created for Internet users to input and edit events (see Fig.3). The collected events are stored in a querable event- OSM database and updated by means of an Event Calendar. This database can be visualized as “OpenEventMap” application and queried in terms of event name, category, start date, and end date. Following the same working principle, an Android application of “OpenEventMap” was then developed, which allows users to add, view, edit, search for events on an OSM server and meanwhile obtains some user information such as the current location. Finally, in order to enrich the OEM with event information from social media, Polous designed a web crawler for the automatic detection of event information from four social media - Twitter, Instagram, Flickr and Foursquare. The WebCrawler identifies at first the start and end tag of an event and then extracts from the text in-between the event information following crawling rules based on a rough-set matching approach. The event database can be converted to a queryable format by means of the calendar scheduler “Cron” and visualized in OSM for the users. To assist novice users with special technical constraints to operate on Web, she made use of open sources and developed a web-based application Graphical Event Visualization and Analysis Tool (GEVT) for the visualization and analysis of events. Events and their features can be either overlaid as markers, heat map or pie charts over the OSM or expressed as standalone graphs and charts.
A number of event collection methods were introduced and implemented in the thesis. First, a plugin “Event Editor” was created for Internet users to input and edit events (see Fig.3). The collected events are stored in a querable event- OSM database and updated by means of an Event Calendar. This database can be visualized as “OpenEventMap” application and queried in terms of event name, category, start date, and end date. Following the same working principle, an Android application of “OpenEventMap” was then developed, which allows users to add, view, edit, search for events on an OSM server and meanwhile obtains some user information such as the current location. Finally, in order to enrich the OEM with event information from social media, Polous designed a web crawler for the automatic detection of event information from four social media - Twitter, Instagram, Flickr and Foursquare. The WebCrawler identifies at first the start and end tag of an event and then extracts from the text in-between the event information following crawling rules based on a rough-set matching approach. The event database can be converted to a queryable format by means of the calendar scheduler “Cron” and visualized in OSM for the users. To assist novice users with special technical constraints to operate on Web, she made use of open sources and developed a web-based application Graphical Event Visualization and Analysis Tool (GEVT) for the visualization and analysis of events. Events and their features can be either overlaid as markers, heat map or pie charts over the OSM or expressed as standalone graphs and charts.
Figure 3. A screenshot of Even Editor showing the editable scope of a festival event in the English Garden
Figure 3. A screenshot of Even Editor showing the editable scope of a festival event in the English Garden
Figure 4. User interface of the visual analytical system for nowcasting of lightning behavior (Peters, 2014)
Figure 4. User interface of the visual analytical system for nowcasting of lightning behavior (Peters, 2014)
Figure 5. Buffered prediction uncertainty of nowcasting: last two lightning clusters (left), predicted clusters (right); past and predicted clusters (middle) (Peters, 2014)
Figure 5. Buffered prediction uncertainty of nowcasting: last two lightning clusters (left), predicted clusters (right); past and predicted clusters (middle) (Peters, 2014)
Figure 6. Temporal patterns: (Left) The time graph of the stationary durations aggregated into 15-minute intervals (the stand-by duration is proportional to the darkness of color), (Right) the average hourly duration at the stationary spots for high and low performing drivers (Ding, 2016)
Figure 6. Temporal patterns: (Left) The time graph of the stationary durations aggregated into 15-minute intervals (the stand-by duration is proportional to the darkness of color), (Right) the average hourly duration at the stationary spots for high and low performing drivers (Ding, 2016)
Figure 7. Spatial distribution of idle taxi travels: low performance drivers (left), high performance drivers (right) (Ding, 2016)
Figure 7. Spatial distribution of idle taxi travels: low performance drivers (left), high performance drivers (right) (Ding, 2016)

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References (7)

  1. Ding, L. (2016): Visual Analysis of Large Floating Car Data -A Bridge-Maker between Thematic Mapping and Scientific Visuali- zation, doctoral thesis at Chair of Cartography, TUM.
  2. Klanten, R., Ehmann, S. and Schulze, F. (eds) (2011): Visual Storytelling -Inspiring a New Visual Language. Gestalten.
  3. Meng, L. (2015): Mobility and visuality of the digital world. In: Fritsch, D. (Ed.): Photogrammetric Week' 15, Wichmann. 307-316.
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  5. Peters, S. (2014): Dynamics of spatially extended phenomena, doctoral thesis at Chair of Cartography, TUM.
  6. Polous, K. (2016): Event Cartography-a New Perspective in Mapping", Doctoral thesis at Chair of Cartography, TUM.
  7. Wiedemann, J., Rendgen, S. and Wulfekamp, U. (2012): Information Graphics. TASCH.

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