Academia.eduAcademia.edu

Outline

Title
Abstract
Introduction
MPS/NPS Generated Problems Related to Mucilage
Conclusions
Future Perspectives
References
All Topics
Environmental Science
Environmental Studies

Microplastic/nanoplastic toxicity in plants: an imminent concern

Profile image of tapati roytapati roy

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

https://doi.org/10.1007/S10661-022-10654-Z
visibility

…

description

35 pages

link

1 file

Abstract

with special consideration as preventive measures. Furthermore, this review focuses on the routes of accumulation and transmission of MPs/NPs into plant tissues, related aspects influencing the intensity of plant stress, and potential solutions to improve food quality and quantity. This paper also concludes by providing an outlook approach of applying exogenous melatonin and introducing engineered plants that would enhance stress tolerance against MPs/NPs. In addition, an overview of inoculation of beneficial microorganisms and encapsulated enzymes in soil has been addressed, which would make the degradation of MPs/NPs faster.

Related papers

Micro (nano) plastics uptake, toxicity and detoxification in plants: Challenges and prospects
G. Price, Shahnoush Nayeri, Venkatramanan Senapathi

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Elsevier, 2023

Plastic pollution has emerged as a global challenge affecting ecosystem health and biodiversity conservation. Terrestrial environments exhibit significantly higher plastic concentrations compared to aquatic systems. Micro/ nano plastics (MNPs) have the potential to disrupt soil biology, alter soil properties, and influence soil-borne pathogens and roundworms. However, limited research has explored the presence and impact of MNPs on aquaculture systems. MNPs have been found to inhibit plant and seedling growth and affect gene expression, leading to cytogenotoxicity through increased oxygen radical production. The article discusses the potential phytotoxicity process caused by large-scale microplastics, particularly those unable to penetrate cell pores. It also examines the available data, albeit limited, to assess the potential risks to human health through plant uptake.

View PDFchevron_right
Microplastic Pollution: An Emerging Threat to Terrestrial Plants and Insights into Its Remediation Strategies
ARPNA KUMARI

2022

Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous and constitute a global hazard to the environment because of their robustness, resilience, and long-term presence in the ecosystem. For now, the majority of research has primarily focused on marine and freshwater ecosystems, with just a small amount of attention towards the terrestrial ecosystems. Although terrestrial ecosystems are recognized as the origins and routes for MPs to reach the sea, there is a paucity of knowledge about these ecological compartments, which is necessary for conducting effective ecological risk assessments. Moreover, because of their high persistence and widespread usage in agriculture, agribusiness, and allied sectors, the presence of MPs in arable soils is undoubtedly an undeniable and severe concern. Consequently, in the recent decade, the potential risk of MPs in food production, as well as their impact on plant growth and development, has received a great deal of interest. Thus, a thorough understanding of the fate and risks MPs, as well as prospective removal procedures for safe and viable agricultural operations in real-world circumstances, are urgently needed. Therefore, the current review is proposed to highlight the potential sources and interactions of MPs with agroecosystems and plants, along with their remediation strategies.

View PDFchevron_right
Microplastic effects on plants
Anderson Abel de Souza Machado

New Phytologist, 2019

SummaryMicroplastic effects in terrestrial ecosystems have recently moved into focus, after about a decade of research being limited to aquatic systems. While effects on soil physical properties and soil biota are starting to become apparent, there is not much information on the consequences for plant performance. We here propose and discuss mechanistic pathways through which microplastics could impact plant growth, either positively or negatively. These effects will vary as a function of plant species, and plastic type, and thus are likely to translate to changes in plant community composition and perhaps primary production. Our mechanistic framework serves to guide ongoing and future research on this important topic.

View PDFchevron_right
Effect of microplastics and nanoplastics on cereal crops
Dr. Jastin Samuel

2021

Plastic is a type of organic compound of synthetic or semi-synthetic material. From the last two decants the use and application of plastic were increasing rapidly. Plastic when accumulated in the terrestrial environment they further breakdown into micro and nano plastics. Both micro and nano plastics are more hazardous. Microplastics are further classified as polypropylene, polyethene, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate etc. A trace amount of microplastic has a serious impact on the ecosystem while they are released into the environment. In several countries, cereal crop and cereal products are the major staple food, which contains carbohydrate, sucrose, sodium. It also contains dietary nutrients like protein, iron, phosphorus, copper, fibre, riboflavin, vitamins B6 and E. Exposure to micro and nanoplastics are reported to have a significant impact on both germinations as well as root growth of the cereals crops. This review article mainly discusses the toxic effect of mic...

View PDFchevron_right
Microplastics pollution in the terrestrial environments: Poorly known diffuse sources and implications for plants
claudia campanale

Urban dust and civil runoff could represent a critical diffuse source of MPs in urban areas. • Several studies indicated that Tyre and Road Wear Particulates could be an important source of MPs pollution. • The main drivers influencing MPs distribution in the soil are the application of plastic mulch films and sewage sludge. • Particles <10 μm have been found in fruits and vegetables commonly consumed by humans with worrying values. • Several authors observed the variation of nutritive values of some edible vegetables due to MP interactions.

View PDFchevron_right
Microplastics Can Change Soil Properties and Affect Plant Performance
Joana Bergmann

Environmental Science & Technology

Microplastics can affect biophysical properties of the soil. However, little is known about the cascade of events in fundamental levels of terrestrial ecosystems, i.e., starting with the changes in soil abiotic properties and propagating across the various components of soil−plant interactions, including soil microbial communities and plant traits. We investigated here the effects of six different microplastics (polyester fibers, polyamide beads, and four fragment types: polyethylene, polyester terephthalate, polypropylene, and polystyrene) on a broad suite of proxies for soil health and performance of spring onion (Allium fistulosum). Significant changes were observed in plant biomass, tissue elemental composition, root traits, and soil microbial activities. These plant and soil responses to microplastic exposure were used to propose a causal model for the mechanism of the effects. Impacts were dependent on particle type, i.e., microplastics with a shape similar to other natural soil particles elicited smaller differences from control. Changes in soil structure and water dynamics may explain the observed results in which polyester fibers and polyamide beads triggered the most pronounced impacts on plant traits and function. The findings reported here imply that the pervasive microplastic contamination in soil may have consequences for plant performance and thus for agroecosystems and terrestrial biodiversity.

View PDFchevron_right
Plastic in the Environment: A Modern Type of Abiotic Stress for Plant Physiology
Daniela Castiglia

Plants

In recent years, plastic pollution has become a growing environmental concern: more than 350 million tons of plastic material are produced annually. Although many efforts have been made to recycle waste, a significant proportion of these plastics contaminate and accumulate in the environment. A central point in plastic pollution is demonstrated by the evidence that plastic objects gradually and continuously split up into smaller pieces, thus producing subtle and invisible pollution caused by microplastics (MP) and nanoplastics (NP). The small dimensions of these particles allow for the diffusion of these contaminants in farmlands, forest, freshwater, and oceans worldwide, posing serious menaces to human, animal, and plant health. The uptake of MPs and NPs into plant cells seriously affects plant growth, development, and photosynthesis, finally limiting crop yields and endangering natural environmental biodiversity. Furthermore, nano- and microplastics—once adsorbed by plants—can eas...

View PDFchevron_right
Microplastic in the agro-ecosystem
salem Irhema

Libyan Journal of Ecological & Environmental Sciences and Technology, 2022

The pollution of the Earth-system by microplastics (MPs) has attracted the scientific community's attention during the last decade due to the ability of MPs to alter the soil and agronomic lands properties and affect the soil flora and fauna, and thus via food chain may harm human health. The current review attempted to survey several previous studies to demonstrate the possible sources of MPs in soil characterised as primary and secondary sources depending on the way MPs are generated. Most of MPs released from these sources ended into the soil and can emigrate within soil profile, which negatively affects several physiochemical soil properties, soil biota, and plants that may alter biodiversity and agronomic land productivity. The bioremediation of MPs-polluted terrestrial environment using some microorganisms is an optimum economic and eco-friendly technology. This review is a first step to help researchers identify the main sources and effects of MPs pollution in Libyan farmlands to stand up on the current levels of these substances in soil and suggest future strategies to avoid possible harm impacts of MPs pollution over our country.

View PDFchevron_right
Environmental Impacts of Nanoplastics in Soil, Sources, Health Risks and Sustainability Solutions
Environmental Science Archives

Environmental Science Archives, 2025

Nanoplastic contamination in soil is an emerging environmental concern with significant implications for ecosystems and human health. This review explores strategies to limit plastic production and promote eco-friendly alternatives, emphasizing the importance of incentives for developing biodegradable plastics and establishing proper waste disposal standards to reduce nanoplastics in soil. The effectiveness of various soil remediation technologies, including physical, chemical, and biological methods, is discussed, with a focus on mechanical techniques, chemical degradation, and the use of microorganisms to remove or degrade nanoplastics. Future research directions highlight the need for sustainable solutions and interdisciplinary approaches to mitigate nanoplastic pollution. Key research areas include the impact of soil properties and agricultural practices on nanoplastic accumulation, the development of advanced detection technologies, and the exploration of biodegradable alternatives. Collaborative efforts among scientists, policymakers, industries, and communities are essential to addressing this growing challenge and safeguarding environmental and public health.

View PDFchevron_right
Assessing implications of nanoplastics exposure to plants with advanced nanometrology techniques
Denise Mitrano

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022

HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

View PDFchevron_right

References (231)

  1. Adyel, T. M., & Macreadie, P. I. (2021). World's Largest man- grove forest becoming plastic cesspit. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 766876.
  2. Bandmann, V., Müller, J. D., Köhler, T., & Homann, U. (2012). Uptake of fluorescent nano beads into BY2-cells involves clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocyto- sis. FEBS Letters, 586, 3626-3632.
  3. Barboza, L. G. A., Vethaak, A. D., Lavorante, B. R., Lundebye, A. K., & Guilhermino, L. (2018). Marine microplastic debris: An emerging issue for food security, food safety and human health. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 133, 336-348.
  4. Boots, B., Russell, C. W., & Green, D. S. (2019). Effects of microplastics in soil ecosystems: Above and below ground. Environmental Science & Technology, 53, 11496-11506.
  5. Bosker, T., Bouwman, L. J., Brun, N. R., Behrens, P., & Vijver, M. G. (2019). Microplastics accumulate on pores in seed capsule and delay germination and root growth of the ter- restrial vascular plant Lepidium sativum. Chemosphere, 226, 774-781.
  6. Boucher, J., & Friot, D. (2017). Plastics & microplastics con- taminate the world ocean. Primary Microplastics in the Oceans: A Global Evaluation of Sources, 7-9.
  7. Bouwmeester, H., Hollman, P. C. H., & Peters, R. J. B. (2015). Potential health impact of environmentally released micro-and nanoplastics in the human food production chain: Experiences from nanotoxicology. Environmental Science & Technology, 49, 8932-8947.
  8. Camenzuli, D., Wise, L. E., Stokes, A. J., & Gore, D. B. (2017). Treatment of soil co-contaminated with inorgan- ics and petroleum hydrocarbons using silica: Implica- tions for remediation in cold regions. Cold Regions Sci- ence and Technology, 135, 8-15.
  9. Cao, D., Wang, X., Luo, X., Liu, G., & Zheng, H. (2017). Effects of polystyrene microplastics on the fitness of earthworms in an agricultural soil. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 61, 012148.
  10. Carney-Almroth, B. M., Åström, L., Roslund, S., Petersson, H., Johansson, M., & Persson, N. K. (2018). Quantifying shed- ding of synthetic fibers from textiles; a source of microplas- tics released into the environment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 1191-1199.
  11. Catarino, A. I., Macchia, V., Sanderson, W. G., Thompson, R. C., & Henry, T. B. (2018). Low levels of microplas- tics (MP) in wild mussels indicate that MP ingestion by humans is minimal compared to exposure via household fibres fallout during a meal. Environmental Pollution, 237, 675-684.
  12. Chae, Y., & An, Y. J. (2018). Current research trends on plastic pollution and ecological impacts on the soil ecosystem: A review. Environmental Pollution, 240, 387-395.
  13. Chae, Y., & An, Y. J. (2020). Nanoplastic ingestion induces behavioral disorders in terrestrial snails: Trophic transfer effects via vascular plants. Environmental Science: Nano, 7(3), 975-983.
  14. Chen, G., Feng, Q., & Wang, J. (2020). Mini-review of micro- plastics in the atmosphere and their risks to humans. Sci- ence of the Total Environment, 703, 135504.
  15. Chen, M., Nan, J., Xu, Y., Yao, J., Wang, H., & Zu, X. (2022). Effect of microplastics on the physical structure of cake layer for pre-coagulated gravity-driven membrane fil- tration. Separation and Purification Technology, 288, 120632.
  16. Chen, Z., Xing, R., Yang, X., Zhao, Z., Liao, H., & Zhou, S. (2021). Enhanced in situ Pb (II) passivation by biotransfor- mation into chloropyromorphite during sludge composting. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 408, 124973.
  17. Conti, G. O., Ferrante, M., Banni, M., Favara, C., Nicolosi, I., Cristaldi, A., Fiore, M., & Zuccarello, P. (2020). Micro- and nano-plastics in edible fruit and vegetables. The first diet risks assessment for the general population. Environ- mental Research, 187, 109677.
  18. Dai, S., Ye, R., Huang, J., Wang, B., Xie, Z., Ou, X., Yu, N., Huang, C., Hua, Y., Zhou, R., & Tian, B. (2022). Distinct lipid membrane interaction and uptake of differentially charged nanoplastics in bacteria. Journal of Nanobio- technology, 20(1), 1-15.
  19. de Souza Machado, A. A., Kloas, W., Zarfl, C., Hempel, S., & Rillig, M. C. (2018). Microplastics as an emerging threat to terrestrial ecosystems. Global Change Biology, 24(4), 1405-1416.
  20. de Souza Machado, A. A., Lau, C. W., Kloas, W., Bergmann, J., Bachelier, J. B., Faltin, E., Becker, R., Görlich, A. S., & Rillig, M. C. (2019). Microplastics can change soil properties and affect plant performance. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(10), 6044-6052.
  21. De-la-Torre, G. E. (2020). Microplastics: An emerging threat to food security and human health. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 57(5), 1601-1608.
  22. Deng, T. H. B., Cloquet, C., Tang, Y. T., Sterckeman, T., Echevarria, G., Estrade, N., Morel, J. L., & Qiu, R. L. (2014). Nickel and zinc isotope fractionation in hyper accumulating and non accumulating plants. Environ- mental Science & Technology, 48(20), 11926-11933.
  23. Dessì, C., Okoffo, E. D., O'Brien, J. W., Gallen, M., Samanipour, S., Kaserzon, S., Rauert, C., Wang, X., & Thomas, K. V. (2021). Plastics contamination of store-bought rice. Jour- nal of Hazardous Materials, 416, 125778. Environ Monit Assess (2023) 195:27
  24. Dey, T. K., & Jamal, M. (2021). Separation of microplastics from water-What next? Journal of Water Process Engineering, 44, 102332.
  25. Dey, T. K., Uddin, M., & Jamal, M. (2021). Detection and removal of microplastics in wastewater: Evolution and impact. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(14), 16925-16947.
  26. Dong, Y., Gao, M., Song, Z., & Qiu, W. (2020). Microplastic particles increase arsenic toxicity to rice seedlings. Envi- ronmental Pollution, 259, 113892.
  27. Dong, R., Liu, R., Xu, Y., Liu, W., Wang, L., Liang, Huang Q. X. & Sun, Y. (2022). Single and joint toxicity of polym- ethyl methacrylate microplastics and As (V) on rapeseed (Brassia campestris L.). Chemosphere, 291, 133066.
  28. Dong, Y., Song, Z., Liu, Y., & Gao, M. (2021a). Polystyrene particles combined with di-butyl phthalate cause signifi- cant decrease in photosynthesis and red lettuce quality. Environmental Pollution, 278, 116871.
  29. Dong, Y., Gao, M., Qiu, W., & Song, Z. (2021b). Uptake of microplastics by carrots in presence of As (III): Com- bined toxic effects. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 411, 125055.
  30. Dovidat, L. C., Brinkmann, B. W., Vijver, M. G., & Bosker, T. (2020). Plastic particles adsorb to the roots of freshwa- ter vascular plant Spirodela polyrhiza but do not impair growth. Limnology Oceanography Letters, 5(1), 37-45.
  31. Driouich, A., Follet-Gueye, M. L., Vicré-Gibouin, M., & Hawes, M. (2013). Root border cells and secretions as critical ele- ments in plant host defense. Current Opinion in Plant Biol- ogy, 16(4), 489-495.
  32. Driouich, A., Gaudry, A., Pawlak, B., & Moore, J. P. (2021). Root cap-derived cells and mucilage: A protective network at the root tip. Protoplasma, 258(6), 1179-1185.
  33. Duan, J., Han, J., Cheung, S. G., Chong, R. K. Y., Lo, C. M., Lee, F. W. F., Xu, S. J. L., Yang, Y., Tam, N. F. Y., & Zhou, H. C. (2021). How mangrove plants affect micro- plastic distribution in sediments of coastal wetlands: Case study in Shenzhen Bay, South China. Science of the Total Environment, 767, 144695.
  34. Enyoh, C. E., Verla, A. W., Verla, E. N., & Enyoh, E. C. (2020). Effect of macro-and micro-plastics in soil on quantitative phytochemicals in different part of juvenile lime tree (Citrus aurantium). International Journal of Environmental Research, 14(6), 705-726.
  35. Feng, X., Wang, Q., Sun, Y., Zhang, S., & Wang, F. (2022). Microplastics change soil properties, heavy metal avail- ability and bacterial community in a Pb-Zn-contaminated soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 424, 127364.
  36. Frias, J. P., & Nash, R. (2019). Microplastics: Finding a con- sensus on the definition. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 138, 145-147.
  37. Fu, Q., Lai, J. L., Ji, X. H., Luo, Z. X., Wu, G., & Luo, X. G. (2022). Alterations of the rhizosphere soil microbial community composition and metabolite profiles of Zea mays by polyethylene-particles of different molecular weights. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 423, 127062.
  38. Gao, M., Liu, Y., & Song, Z. (2019). Effects of polyethylene microplastic on the phytotoxicity of di-n-butyl phthalate in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. ramosa Hort). Chemos- phere, 237, 124482.
  39. Gao, M., Liu, Y., Dong, Y., & Song, Z. (2021a). Effect of poly- ethylene particles on dibutyl phthalate toxicity in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 401, 123422.
  40. Gao, M., Xu, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, S., Wang, C., Dong, Y., & Song, Z. (2021b). Effect of polystyrene on di-butyl phtha- late (DBP) bioavailability and DBP-induced phytotoxicity in lettuce. Environmental Pollution, 268, 115870.
  41. Geyer, R. (2020). A brief history of plastics. Mare Plasticum- The Plastic Sea (pp. 31-40). Springer.
  42. Giorgetti, L., Spanò, C., Muccifora, S., Bottega, S., Barbieri, F., Bellani, L., & Castiglione, M. R. (2020). Exploring the interaction between polystyrene nanoplastics and Allium cepa during germination: Internalization in root cells, induction of toxicity and oxidative stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 149, 170-177.
  43. Gómez, C., & Gallart-Ayala, H. (2018). Metabolomics: A tool to characterize the effect of phthalates and bisphenol A. Environmental Reviews, 26(4), 351-357.
  44. Gong, W., Zhang, W., Jiang, M., Li, S., Liang, G., Bu, Q., & Q., Xu, L., Zhu, H. & Lu, A. (2021). Species-dependent response of food crops to polystyrene nanoplastics and microplastics. Science of the Total Environment, 796, 148750.
  45. Goswami, P., Vinithkumar, N. V., & Dharani, G. (2020). First evidence of microplastics bioaccumulation by marine organisms in the Port Blair Bay. Andaman Islands. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 155, 111163.
  46. Goss, H., Jaskiel, J., & Rotjan, R. (2018). Thalassia testudinum as a potential vector for incorporating microplastics into benthic marine food webs. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 135, 1085-1089.
  47. Hamzah, S., Ying, L. Y., Azmi, A. A. A. R., Razali, N. A., Hairom, N. H. H., Mohamad, N. A., & Harun, M. H. C. (2021). Synthesis, characterisation and evaluation on the performance of ferrofluid for microplastic removal from synthetic and actual wastewater. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9(5), 105894.
  48. Harley-Nyang, D., Memon, F. A., Jones, N., & Galloway, T. (2022). Investigation and analysis of microplastics in sewage sludge and biosolids: A case study from one wastewater treatment works in the UK. Science of the Total Environment, 823, 153735.
  49. He, D., Luo, Y., Lu, S., Liu, M., Song, Y., & Lei, L. (2018). Microplastics in soils: Analytical methods, pollution characteristics and ecological risks. TrAC Trends in Ana- lytical Chemistry, 109, 163-172.
  50. Henry, B., Laitala, K., & Klepp, I. G. (2019). Microfibres from apparel and home textiles: Prospects for including micro- plastics in environmental sustainability assessment. Sci- ence of the Total Environment, 652, 483-494.
  51. Hernandez, L. M., Xu, E. G., Larsson, H. C., Tahara, R., Maisu- ria, V. B., & Tufenkji, N. (2019). Plastic teabags release billions of microparticles and nanoparticles into tea. Envi- ronmental Science & Technology, 53(21), 12300-12310.
  52. Hernández-Arenas, R., Beltrán-Sanahuja, A., Navarro-Quirant, P., & Sanz-Lazaro, C. (2021). The effect of sewage sludge con- taining microplastics on growth and fruit development of tomato plants. Environmental Pollution, 268, 115779.
  53. Horton, A. A., Walton, A., Spurgeon, D. J., Lahive, E., & Svend- sen, C. (2017). Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial Environ Monit Assess (2023) 195:27
  54. Vol.: (0123456789) environments: Evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities. Science of the Total Environment, 586, 127-141.
  55. Hu, M., & Palić, D. (2020). Micro-and nano-plastics activation of oxidative and inflammatory adverse outcome path- ways. Redox Biology, 37, 101620.
  56. Huang, D., Li, Z., Zeng, G., Zhou, C., Xue, W., Gong, X., Yan, X., Chen, S., Wang, W., & Cheng, M. (2019a). Meg- amerger in photocatalytic field: 2D g-C3N4 nanosheets serve as support of 0D nanomaterials for improving pho- tocatalytic performance. Applied Catalysis b: Environ- mental, 240, 153-173.
  57. Huang, Y., Danyang, L., Shah, G. M., Chen, W., Wang, W., Xu, Y., & Huang, H. (2019b). Hyperthermophilic pretreatment com- posting significantly accelerates humic substances formation by regulating precursors production and microbial communi- ties. Waste Management, 92, 89-96.
  58. Huang, D., Tao, J., Cheng, M., Deng, R., Chen, S., Yin, L., & Li, R. (2021). Microplastics and nanoplastics in the envi- ronment: Macroscopic transport and effects on creatures. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 407, 124399.
  59. Hüffer, T., Weniger, A. K., & Hofmann, T. (2018). Sorption of organic compounds by aged polystyrene microplastic par- ticles. Environmental Pollution, 236, 218-225.
  60. Hüffer, T., Metzelder, F., Sigmund, G., Slawek, S., Schmidt, T. C., & Hofmann, T. (2019). Polyethylene microplastics influence the transport of organic contaminants in soil. Science of the Total Environment, 657, 242-247.
  61. Jain, A., Chakraborty, J., & Das, S. (2020). Underlying mecha- nism of plant-microbe crosstalk in shaping microbial ecology of the rhizosphere. Acta Physiologiae Plan- tarum, 42(1), 1-13.
  62. Jia, H., Wu, D., Yu, Y., Han, S., Sun, L., & Li, M. (2022). Impact of microplastics on bioaccumulation of heavy metals in rape (Brassica napus L.). Chemosphere, 288, 132576.
  63. Jiang, X., Chen, H., Liao, Y., Ye, Z., Li, M., & Klobučar, G. (2019). Ecotoxicity and genotoxicity of polystyrene micro- plastics on higher plant Vicia faba. Environmental Pollu- tion, 250, 831-838.
  64. Jochum, M. D., McWilliams, K. L., Pierson, E. A., & Jo, Y. K. (2019). Host-mediated microbiome engineering (HMME) of drought tolerance in the wheat rhizosphere. PLoS ONE, 14(12), e0225933.
  65. Judy, J. D., Williams, M., Gregg, A., Oliver, D., Kumar, A., Kookana, R., & Kirby, J. K. (2019). Microplastics in municipal mixed-waste organic outputs induce minimal short to long-term toxicity in key terrestrial biota. Envi- ronmental Pollution, 252, 522-531.
  66. Kalčíková, G., Gotvajn, A. Ž, Kladnik, A., & Jemec, A. (2017). Impact of polyethylene microbeads on the floating fresh- water plant duckweed Lemna minor. Environmental Pol- lution, 230, 1108-1115.
  67. Karami, A., Golieskardi, A., Keong Choo, C., Larat, V., Galloway, T. S., & Salamatinia, B. (2017). The pres- ence of microplastics in commercial salts from differ- ent countries. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1-11.
  68. Kettler, K., Veltman, K., van De Meent, D., van Wezel, A., & Hendriks, A. J. (2014). Cellular uptake of nanoparticles as determined by particle properties, experimental conditions, and cell type. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 33(3), 481-492.
  69. Kim, H. M., Lee, D. K., Long, N. P., Kwon, S. W., & Park, J. H. (2019). Uptake of nanopolystyrene particles induces dis- tinct metabolic profiles and toxic effects in Caenorhabdi- tis elegans. Environmental Pollution, 246, 578-586.
  70. Kim, S. W., & An, Y. J. (2019). Soil microplastics inhibit the movement of springtail species. Environment Interna- tional, 126, 699-706.
  71. Kim, S. W., Jeong, S. W., & An, Y. J. (2021). Microplastics dis- rupt accurate soil organic carbon measurement based on chemical oxidation method. Chemosphere, 276, 130178.
  72. Koelmans, A. A., Besseling, E., & Foekema, E. M. (2014). Leaching of plastic additives to marine organisms. Envi- ronmental Pollution, 187, 49-54.
  73. Lebreton, L., Van Der Zwet, J., Damsteeg, J. W., Slat, B., Andrady, A., & Reisser, J. (2017). River plastic emis- sions to the world's oceans. Nature Communications, 8(1), 1-10.
  74. Lecomte, S. M., Achouak, W., Abrouk, D., Heulin, T., Nesme, X., & Haichar, F. E. Z. (2018). Diversifying anaerobic res- piration strategies to compete in the rhizosphere. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 6, 139.
  75. Lee, T. Y., Kim, L., Kim, D., An, S., & An, Y. J. (2022). Micro- plastics from shoe sole fragments cause oxidative stress in a plant (Vigna radiata) and impair soil environment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 429, 128306.
  76. Lehmann, A., Fitschen, K., & Rillig, M. C. (2019). Abiotic and biotic factors influencing the effect of microplastic on soil aggregation. Soil Systems, 3(1), 21.
  77. Lehner, R., Weder, C., Petri-Fink, A., & Rothen-Rutishauser, B. (2019). Emergence of nanoplastic in the environment and possible impact on human health. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(4), 1748-1765.
  78. Leslie, H. A., Van Velzen, M. J., Brandsma, S. H., Vethaak, A. D., Garcia-Vallejo, J. J., & Lamoree, M. H. (2022). Dis- covery and quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood. Environment International, 163, 107199.
  79. Li, L., Zhou, Q., Yin, N., Tu, C., & Luo, Y. (2019). Uptake and accumulation of microplastics in an edible plant. Chinese Science Bulletin, 64(9), 928-934.
  80. Li, C., Sanchez, G. M., Wu, Z., Cheng, J., Zhang, S., Wang, Q., Li, F., Sun, G., & Meentemeyer, R. K. (2020a). Spati- otemporal patterns and drivers of soil contamination with heavy metals during an intensive urbanization period (1989-2018) in southern China. Environmental Pollu- tion, 260, 114075.
  81. Li, L., Luo, Y., Li, R., Zhou, Q., Peijnenburg, W. J., Yin, N., Yang, J., Tu, C., & Zhang, Y. (2020b). Effective uptake of submicrometre plastics by crop plants via a crack- entry mode. Nature Sustainability, 3(11), 929-937.
  82. Li, L., Luo, Y., Peijnenburg, W. J., Li, R., Yang, J., & Zhou, Q. (2020c). Confocal measurement of microplastics uptake by plants. Methods X, 7, 100750.
  83. Li, Z., Feng, C., Wu, Y., & Guo, X. (2020d). Impacts of nano- plastics on bivalve: Fluorescence tracing of organ accu- mulation, oxidative stress and damage. Journal of Haz- ardous Materials, 392, 122418.
  84. Li, L., Yang, J., Zhou, Q., Peijnenburg, W. J., & Luo, Y. (2020g). Uptake of microplastics and their effects on plants. Micro- plastics in Terrestrial Environments, 279-298.
  85. Li, Z., Li, Q., Li, R., Zhao, Y., Geng, J., & Wang, G. (2020a). Physiological responses of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to Environ Monit Assess (2023) 195:27
  86. Vol:. (1234567890) microplastic pollution. Environmental Science and Pollu- tion Research, 27(24), 30306-30314.
  87. Li, Z., Li, R., Li, Q., Zhou, J., & Wang, G. (2020b). Physiologi- cal response of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves to polystyrene nanoplastics pollution. Chemosphere, 255, 127041.
  88. Li, B., Huang, S., Wang, H., Liu, M., Xue, S., Tang, D., Cheng, W., Fan, T., & Yang, X. (2021a). Effects of plastic particles on germination and growth of soybean (Glycine max): A pot experiment under field condition. Environmental Pollu- tion, 272, 116418.
  89. Li, H. Z., Zhu, D., Lindhardt, J. H., Lin, S. M., Ke, X., & Cui, L. (2021b). Long-term fertilization history alters effects of microplastics on soil properties, microbial communi- ties, and functions in diverse farmland ecosystem. Envi- ronmental Science & Technology, 55(8), 4658-4668.
  90. Li, S., Wang, T., Guo, J., Dong, Y., Wang, Z., Gong, L., & Li, X. (2021c). Polystyrene microplastics disturb the redox homeostasis, carbohydrate metabolism and phytohor- mone regulatory network in barley. Journal of Hazard- ous Materials, 415, 125614.
  91. Li, S., Guo, J., Wang, T., Gong, L., Liu, F., Brestic, M., Liu, S., Song, F., & Li, X. (2021d). Melatonin reduces nanoplas- tic uptake, translocation, and toxicity in wheat. Journal of Pineal Research, 71(3), e12761.
  92. Lian, J., Wu, J., Xiong, H., Zeb, A., Yang, T., Su, X., Su, L., & Liu, W. (2020a). Impact of polystyrene nanoplas- tics (PSNPs) on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 385, 121620.
  93. Lian, J., Wu, J., Zeb, A., Zheng, S., Ma, T., Peng, F., Tang, J., & Liu, W. (2020b). Do polystyrene nanoplastics affect the toxicity of cadmium to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)?.Environmental Pollution, 263, 114498.
  94. Lian, J., Liu, W., Meng, L., Wu, J., Chao, L., Zeb, A., & Sun, Y. (2021a). Foliar-applied polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) reduce the growth and nutritional quality of lettuce (Lac- tuca sativa L.). Environmental Pollution, 280, 116978.
  95. Lian, J., Liu, W., Meng, L., Wu, J., Zeb, A., Cheng, L., Lian, Y., & Sun, H. (2021b). Effects of microplastics derived from polymer-coated fertilizer on maize growth, rhizosphere, and soil properties. Journal of Cleaner Production, 318, 128571.
  96. Lian, J., Liu, W., Sun, Y., Men, S., Wu, J., Zeb, A., Yang, T., Ma, LQ.,& Zhou, Q. (2022). Nanotoxicological effects and transcriptome mechanisms of wheat (Triticum aesti- vum L.) under stress of polystyrene nanoplastics. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 423, 127241.
  97. Liang, Y., Lehmann, A., Ballhausen, M. B., Muller, L., & Rillig, M. C. (2019). Increasing temperature and micro- plastic fibers jointly influence soil aggregation by sapro- bic fungi. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 2018.
  98. Liu, M., Lu, S., Song, Y., Lei, L., Hu, J., Lv, W., Cao, C., Shi, H., Yang, X., & He, D. (2018). Microplastic and meso- plastic pollution in farmland soils in suburbs of Shang- hai, China. Environmental Pollution, 242, 855-862.
  99. Liu, P., Qian, L., Wang, H., Zhan, X., Lu, K., Gu, C., & Gao, S. (2019). New insights into the aging behavior of micro- plastics accelerated by advanced oxidation processes. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(7), 3579-3588.
  100. Liu, K., Wang, X., Song, Z., Wei, N., & Li, D. (2020a). Terres- trial plants as a potential temporary sink of atmospheric microplastics during transport. Science of the Total Envi- ronment, 742, 140523.
  101. Liu, P., Zhan, X., Wu, X., Li, J., Wang, H., & Gao, S. (2020b). Effect of weathering on environmental behavior of microplas- tics: Properties, sorption and potential risks. Chemosphere, 242, 125193.
  102. Liu, S., Wang, J., Zhu, J., Wang, J., Wang, H., & Zhan, X. (2021). The joint toxicity of polyethylene microplastic and phenan- threne to wheat seedlings. Chemosphere, 282, 130967.
  103. Liu, Y., Guo, R., Zhang, S., Sun, Y., & Wang, F. (2022). Uptake and translocation of nano/microplastics by rice seedlings: Evidence from a hydroponic experiment. Journal of Haz- ardous Materials, 421, 126700.
  104. Lozano, Y. M., Lehnert, T., Linck, L. T., Lehmann, A., & Rillig, M. C. (2021). Microplastic shape, polymer type, and concentration affect soil properties and plant bio- mass. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 616645.
  105. Lu, X. M., Lu, P. Z., & Liu, X. P. (2020). Fate and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes on microplastics in facility veg- etable soil. Science of the Total Environment, 709, 136276.
  106. Lu, Y., Zhang, Y., Deng, Y., Jiang, W., Zhao, Y., Geng, J., Ding, L., & Ren, H. (2016). Uptake and accumulation of polystyrene microplastics in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and toxic effects in liver. Environmental Science & Technol- ogy, 50(7), 4054-4060.
  107. Luo, Y., Li, L., Feng, Y., Li, R., Yang, J., Peijnenburg, W. J., & Tu, C. (2022). Quantitative tracing of uptake and trans- port of submicrometre plastics in crop plants using lan- thanide chelates as a dual-functional tracer. Nature Nano- technology, 17(4), 424-431.
  108. Lv, J., Christie, P., & Zhang, S. (2019). Uptake, transloca- tion, and transformation of metal-based nanoparticles in plants: Recent advances and methodological challenges. Environmental Science: Nano, 6(1), 41-59.
  109. Lwanga, E. H., Gertsen, H., Gooren, H., Peters, P., Salánki, T., van der Ploeg, M., Besseling, E., Koelmans, A., & A., & Geissen, V. (2017). Incorporation of microplastics from litter into burrows of Lumbricus terrestris. Environmen- tal Pollution, 220, 523-531.
  110. Ma, J., Aqeel, M., Khalid, N., Nazir, A., Alzuaibr, F. M., Al- Mushhin, A.A., Hakami, O., Iqbal, M.F., Chen, F., Alamri, S. & Noman, A. (2022). Effects of microplastics on growth and metabolism of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Che- mosphere, 307, 135749.
  111. Mahmood, H., Ahmed, M., Islam, T., Uddin, M. Z., Ahmed, Z. U., & Saha, C. (2021). Paradigm shift in the management of the Sundarbans mangrove forest of Bangladesh: Issues and challenges. Trees, Forests and People, 5, 100094.
  112. Maity, S., Chatterjee, A., Guchhait, R., De, S., & Pramanick, K. (2020). Cytogenotoxic potential of a hazardous mate- rial, polystyrene microparticles on Allium cepa L. Jour- nal of Hazardous Materials, 385, 121560.
  113. Mancinelli, R., Marinari, S., Brunetti, P., Radicetti, E., & Campiglia, E. (2015). Organic mulching, irrigation and fertilization affect soil CO2 emission and C storage in tomato crop in the Medi- terranean environment. Soil and Tillage Research, 152, 39-51.
  114. Mateos-Cárdenas, A., Scott, D. T., Seitmaganbetova, G., van Pelt Frank, N. A. M., & AK, J. M. (2019). Polyethylene Environ Monit Assess (2023) 195:27
  115. Vol.: (0123456789) microplastics adhere to Lemna minor (L.), yet have no effects on plant growth or feeding by Gammarus duebeni (Lillj.). Science of the Total Environment, 689, 413-421.
  116. Mathalon, A., & Hill, P. (2014). Microplastic fibers in the intertidal ecosystem surrounding Halifax Harbor. Nova Scotia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 81(1), 69-79.
  117. Meng, F., Yang, X., Riksen, M., Xu, M., & Geissen, V. (2021). Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) growth to soil contaminated with microplastics. Science of the Total Environment, 755, 142516.
  118. Meng, F., Yang, X., Riksen, M., & Geissen, V. (2022). Effect of different polymers of microplastics on soil organic carbon and nitrogen-A mesocosm experiment. Environ- mental Research, 204, 111938.
  119. Mohapatra, D. P., Cledon, M., Brar, S. K., & Surampalli, R. Y. (2016). Application of wastewater and biosolids in soil: Occurrence and fate of emerging contaminants. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 227(3), 1-14.
  120. Muhammad, A., Zhou, X., He, J., Zhang, N., Shen, X., Sun, C., Yan, B., & Shao, Y. (2021). Toxic effects of acute expo- sure to polystyrene microplastics and nanoplastics on the model insect, silkworm Bombyx mori. Environmental Pollution, 285, 117255.
  121. Mueller, C. W., Carminati, A., Kaiser, C., Subke, J. A., & Gutjahr, C. (2019). Rhizosphere functioning and struc- tural development as complex interplay between plants, microorganisms and soil minerals. Frontiers in Environ- mental Science, 130.
  122. Nadanaciva, S., Lu, S., Gebhard, D. F., Jessen, B. A., Pennie, W. D., & Will, Y. (2011). A high content screening assay for identifying lysosomotropic compounds. Toxicology in Vitro, 25(3), 715-723.
  123. Napper, I. E., Baroth, A., Barrett, A. C., Bhola, S., Chowdhury, G. W., Davies, B. F., & B.F., Duncan, E. M., Kumar, S., Nelms, S. E., Niloy, M. N. H., & Koldewey, H. (2021). The abundance and characteristics of microplastics in sur- face water in the transboundary Ganges River. Environ- mental Pollution, 274, 116348.
  124. Nasser, F., & Lynch, I. (2016). Secreted protein eco-corona mediates uptake and impacts of polystyrene nanopar- ticles on Daphnia magna. Journal of Proteomics, 137, 45-51.
  125. Niazian, M., Sadat-Noori, S. A., Tohidfar, M., Mortazavian, S. M. M., & Sabbatini, P. (2021). Betaine aldehyde dehy- drogenase (BADH) vs. flavodoxin (Fld): Two important genes for enhancing plants stress tolerance and produc- tivity. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 650215.
  126. Ning, Q., Wang, D., An, J., Ding, Q., Huang, Z., Zou, Y., Wu, F., & You, J. (2022). Combined effects of nanosized polystyrene and erythromycin on bacterial growth and resistance mutations in Escherichia coli. Journal of Haz- ardous Materials, 422, 126858.
  127. Nizzetto, L., Futter, M., & Langaas, S. (2016). Are agricultural soils dumps for microplastics of urban origin? Environ- mental Science & Technology, 50, 10777-10779.
  128. Oliveira, E., Bértolo, E., Núñez, C., Pilla, V., Santos, H. M., Fernández-Lodeiro, J., Fernández Lodeiro, A., Djafari, J., Capelo, J. L. & Lodeiro, C. (2018). Green and Red Fluo- rescent Dyes for Translational Applications in Imaging and Sensing Analytes: A Dual-Color Flag. Chemistry Open, 7(1), 9-52. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1002/ open. 20170 0135
  129. O'Neill, S. M., & Lawler, J. (2021). Knowledge gaps on micro and nanoplastics and human health: A critical review. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineer- ing, 3, 100091.
  130. Ogbe, A. A., Finnie, J. F., & Van Staden, J. (2020). The role of endophytes in secondary metabolites accumulation in medicinal plants under abiotic stress. South African Jour- nal of Botany, 134, 126-134.
  131. Okeke, E. S., Okoye, C. O., Atakpa, E. O., Ita, R. E., Nyaruaba, R., Mgbechidinma, C. L., & Akan, O. D. (2022). Microplastics in agroecosystems-impacts on ecosystem functions and food chain. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 177, 105961. Organization World Health Report. (2019). Healthy diet. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. https:// apps. who. int/ iris/ handle/ 10665/ 325828
  132. Palansooriya, K. N., Sang, M. K., Igalavithana, A. D., Zhang, M., Hou, D., Oleszczuk, P., Sung, J., & Ok, Y. S. (2022). Biochar alters chemical and microbial properties of microplastic-contaminated soil. Environmental Research, 209, 112807.
  133. Parthasarathy, A., Tyler, A. C., Hoffman, M. J., Savka, M. A., & Hudson, A. O. (2019). Is plastic pollution in aquatic and ter- restrial environments a driver for the transmission of patho- gens and the evolution of antibiotic resistance? Environmen- tal Science & Technology, 53, 1744-1745.
  134. Pehlivan, N., & Gedik, K. (2021). Particle size-dependent biomolecular footprints of interactive microplastics in maize. Environmental Pollution, 277, 116772.
  135. Peng, W., & Pivato, A. (2019). Sustainable management of digestate from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and food waste under the concepts of back to earth alternatives and circular economy. Waste and biomass valorization, 10(2), 465-481. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1007/ s12649-017-0071-2
  136. Pflugmacher, S., Sulek, A., Mader, H., Heo, J., Noh, J. H., Penttinen, O. P., Kim, Y., Kim, S., & Esterhuizen, M. (2020). The influence of new and artificial aged micro- plastic and leachates on the germination of Lepidium sativum L. Plants, 9(3), 339.
  137. Pidatala, V. R., Li, K., Sarkar, D., Ramakrishna, W., & Datta, R. (2016). Identification of biochemical pathways associ- ated with lead tolerance and detoxification in Chrysopo- gon zizanioides L. Nash (Vetiver) by metabolic profiling. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(5), 2530-2537.
  138. Pignattelli, S., Broccoli, A., & Renzi, M. (2020). Physiological responses of garden cress (L. sativum) to different types of microplastics. Science of the Total Environment, 727, 138609.
  139. Pironon, S., Etherington, T. R., Borrell, J. S., Kühn, N., Macias-Fauria, M., Ondo, I., Tovar, C., Wilkin, P., & Willis, K. J. (2019). Potential adaptive strategies for 29 sub-Saharan crops under future climate change. Nature Climate Change, 9(10), 758-763.
  140. Prata, J. C. (2018). Airborne microplastics: Consequences to human health? Environmental Pollution, 234, 115-126.
  141. Prata, J. C., da Costa, J. P., Lopes, I., Duarte, A. C., & Rocha- Santos, T. (2020). Environmental exposure to microplas- tics: An overview on possible human health effects. Sci- ence of the Total Environment, 702, 134455. Environ Monit Assess (2023) 195:27
  142. Qi, R., Jones, D. L., Li, Z., Liu, Q., & Yan, C. (2020). Behavior of microplastics and plastic film residues in the soil environ- ment: A critical review. Science of the Total Environment, 703, 134722.
  143. Qi, Y., Yang, X., Pelaez, A. M., Lwanga, E. H., Beriot, N., Gertsen, H., Garbeva, P., & Geissen, V. (2018). Macro- and micro-plastics in soil-plant system: Effects of plastic mulch film residues on wheat (Triticum aesti- vum) growth. Science of the Total Environment, 645, 1048-1056.
  144. Qian, H., Zhang, M., Liu, G., Lu, T., Qu, Q., Du, B., & Pan, X. (2018). Effects of soil residual plastic film on soil micro- bial community structure and fertility. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 229(8), 1-11.
  145. Ragusa, A., Svelato, A., Santacroce, C., Catalano, P., Notarstefano, V., Carnevali, O., Papa, F., Rongioletti, M. C. A., Baiocco, F., Draghi, S., & Giorgini, E. (2021). Plasticenta: First evi- dence of microplastics in human placenta. Environment International, 146, 106274.
  146. Rashid, M. I., Mujawar, L. H., Shahzad, T., Almeelbi, T., Ismail, I. M., & Oves, M. (2016). Bacteria and fungi can contrib- ute to nutrients bioavailability and aggregate formation in degraded soils. Microbiological Research, 183, 26-41.
  147. Remy, F., Collard, F., Gilbert, B., Compère, P., Eppe, G., & Lepoint, G. (2015). When microplastic is not plastic: The ingestion of artificial cellulose fibers by macrofauna liv- ing in seagrass macrophytodetritus. Environmental Sci- ence & Technology, 49(18), 11158-11166.
  148. Revel, M., Châtel, A., & Mouneyrac, C. (2018). Micro (nano) plastics: A threat to human health?.Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 1, 17-23.
  149. Ribeiro, F., Okoffo, E. D., O'Brien, J. W., Fraissinet-Tachet, S., O'Brien, S., Gallen, M., Samanipour, S., Kaser- zon, S., Mueller, J. F., Galloway, T., & Thomas, K. V. (2020). Response to comment on "Quantitative analysis of selected plastics in high-commercial-value Austral- ian seafood by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spec- trometry." Environmental Science & Technology, 54(23), 15556-15557.
  150. Rillig, M. C., Lehmann, A., de Souza Machado, A. A., & Yang, G. (2019). Microplastic effects on plants. New Phytolo- gist, 223(3), 1066-1070.
  151. Rillig, M. C., Ziersch, L., & Hempel, S. (2017). Microplastic transport in soil by earthworms. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1-6.
  152. Rychter, P., Christova, D., Lewicka, K., & Rogacz, D. (2019). Ecotoxicological impact of selected polyethylenimines toward their potential application as nitrogen fertilizers with prolonged activity. Chemosphere, 226, 800-808.
  153. Sanchez, F. A. C., Boudaoud, H., Camargo, M., & Pearce, J. M. (2020). Plastic recycling in additive manufacturing: A systematic literature review and opportunities for the circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 264, 121602.
  154. Santamaría, M. E., Arnaiz, A., Velasco-Arroyo, B., Grbic, V., Diaz, I., & Martinez, M. (2018). Arabidopsis response to the spider mite Tetranychus urticae depends on the regu- lation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1-13.
  155. Schöpfer, L., Menzel, R., Schnepf, U., Ruess, L., Marhan, S., Brümmer, F., Pagel, H., & Kandeler, E. (2020). Micro- plastics effects on reproduction and body length of the soil-dwelling nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Fron- tiers in Environmental Science, 8, 41.
  156. Schwab, F., Zhai, G., Kern, M., Turner, A., Schnoor, J. L., & Wiesner, M. R. (2016). Barriers, pathways and processes for uptake, translocation and accumulation of nanoma- terials in plants-Critical review. Nanotoxicology, 10(3), 257-278.
  157. Shi, M., Sun, Y., Wang, Z., He, G., Quan, H., & He, H. (2019). Plastic film mulching increased the accumulation and human health risks of phthalate esters in wheat grains. Environmental Pollution, 250, 1-7.
  158. Shi, R., Liu, W., Lian, Y., Wang, Q., Zeb, A., & Tang, J. (2022). Phytotoxicity of polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropyl- ene microplastics on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Journal of Environmental Management, 317, 115441.
  159. Sintim, H. Y., Bary, A. I., Hayes, D. G., Wadsworth, L. C., Anunciado, M. B., English, M. E., Bandopadhyay, S., Schaeffer, S. M., DeBruyn, J. M., Miles, C. A., & Flury, M. (2020). In situ degradation of biodegradable plastic mulch films in compost and agricultural soils. Science of the Total Environment, 727, 138668.
  160. Song, Y., Cao, C., Qiu, R., Hu, J., Liu, M., Lu, S., Shi, H., Raley- Susman, K. M., & He, D. (2019). Uptake and adverse effects of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics fibers on terrestrial snails (Achatina fulica) after soil exposure. Environmental Pollution, 250, 447-455.
  161. Souza, P. M. S., Sommaggio, L. R. D., Marin-Morales, M. A., & Morales, A. R. (2020). PBAT biodegradable mulch films: Study of ecotoxicological impacts using Allium cepa, Lac- tuca sativa and HepG2/C3A cell culture. Chemosphere, 256, 126985.
  162. Spanò, C., Muccifora, S., Castiglione, M. R., Bellani, L., Bot- tega, S., & Giorgetti, L. (2022). Polystyrene nanoplastics affect seed germination, cell biology and physiology of rice seedlings in-short term treatments: Evidence of their internalization and translocation. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 172, 158-166.
  163. Sun, R., Belcher, R. W., Liang, J., Wang, L., Thater, B., Crowley, D. E., & Wei, G. (2015). Effects of cowpea (Vigna unguic- ulata) root mucilage on microbial community response and capacity for phenanthrene remediation. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 33, 45-59.
  164. Sun, C., Wang, Z., Chen, L., & Li, F. (2020a). Fabrication of robust and compressive chitin and graphene oxide sponges for removal of microplastics with different functional groups. Chemical Engineering Journal, 393, 124796.
  165. Sun, X. D., Yuan, X. Z., Jia, Y., Feng, L. J., Zhu, F. P., Dong, S. S., Liu, J., Kong, X., Tian, H., Duan, J. L., & Xing, B. (2020). Differentially charged nanoplastics demonstrate distinct accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature Nanotechnology, 15(9), 755-760.
  166. Sun, H., Lei, C., Xu, J., & Li, R. (2021). Foliar uptake and leaf- to-root translocation of nanoplastics with different coating charge in maize plants. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 416, 125854.
  167. Environ Monit Assess (2023) 195:27
  168. Sun, Y., Shaheen, S. M., Ali, E. F., Abdelrahman, H., Sarkar, B., Song, H., Rinklebe, J., Ren, X., Zhang, Z., & Wang, Q. (2022). Enhancing microplastics biodegradation during composting using livestock manure biochar. Environmen- tal Pollution, 306, 119339.
  169. Tan, Z., Yi, Y., Wang, H., Zhou, W., Yang, Y., & Wang, C. (2016). Physical and degradable properties of mulching films prepared from natural fibers and biodegradable pol- ymers. Applied Sciences, 6(5), 147.
  170. Tang, C. C., Chen, H. I., Brimblecombe, P., & Lee, C. L. (2019). Morphology and chemical properties of poly- propylene pellets degraded in simulated terrestrial and marine environments. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 149, 110626.
  171. Taylor, S. E., Pearce, C. I., Sanguinet, K. A., Hu, D., Chrisler, W. B., Kim, Y. M., Wang, Z., & Flury, M. (2020). Poly- styrene nano-and microplastic accumulation at Arabi- dopsis and wheat root cap cells, but no evidence for uptake into roots. Environmental Science: Nano, 7(7), 1942-1953.
  172. Thompson, R. C., Olsen, Y., Mitchell, R. P., Davis, A., Rowland, S. J., John, A. W., McGonigle, D., & Russell, A. E. (2004). Lost at sea: Where is all the plastic? Science, 304(5672), 838-838.
  173. Torres, F. G., Dioses-Salinas, D. C., Pizarro-Ortega, C. I., & De-la-Torre, G. E. (2021). Sorption of chemical contami- nants on degradable and non-degradable microplastics: Recent progress and research trends. Science of the Total Environment, 757, 143875.
  174. Tripathi, D. K., Singh, S., Singh, S., Srivastava, P. K., Singh, V. P., Singh, S., Prasad, S. M., Singh, P. K., Dubey, N. K., Pandey, A. C., & Chauhan, D. K. (2017). Nitric oxide alleviates silver nanoparticles (AgNps)-induced phyto- toxicity in Pisum sativum seedlings. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 110, 167-177.
  175. Tuğ, G. N., & Yaprak, A. E. (2019). An overview of the germi- nation behavior of halophytes and their role in food secu- rity. Ecophysiology, abiotic stress responses and utiliza- tion of halophytes, 39-61.
  176. Urbina, M. A., Correa, F., Aburto, F., & Ferrio, J. P. (2020). Adsorption of polyethylene microbeads and physiologi- cal effects on hydroponic maize. Science of the Total Environment, 741, 140216.
  177. Vallespir Lowery, N., & Ursell, T. (2019). Structured environ- ments fundamentally alter dynamics and stability of eco- logical communities. Proceedings of the National Acad- emy of Sciences, 116(2), 379-388.
  178. Verla, A. W., Enyoh, C. E., Obinna, I. B., Verla, E. N., Qingyue, W., Chowdhury, M. A. H., Enyoh, E. C., & Chowdhury, T. (2020). Effect of macro-and micro-plastics in soil on growth of Juvenile Lime Tree (Citrus aurantium). AIMS Environmental Science, 7(6), 526-541.
  179. Wan, Y., Wu, C., Xue, Q., & Hui, X. (2019). Effects of plas- tic contamination on water evaporation and desiccation cracking in soil. Science of the Total Environment, 654, 576-582.
  180. Wang, C., Tian, Y., Wang, X., Geng, J., Jiang, J., Yu, H., & Wang, C. (2010). Lead-contaminated soil induced oxida- tive stress, defense response and its indicative biomark- ers in roots of Vicia faba seedlings. Ecotoxicology, 19(6), 1130-1139.
  181. Wang, F., Zhang, X., Zhang, S., Zhang, S., Adams, C. A., & Sun, Y. (2020a). Effects of co-contamination of microplas- tics and Cd on plant growth and Cd accumulation. Toxics, 8(2), 36.
  182. Wang, F., Zhang, X., Zhang, S., Zhang, S., & Sun, Y. (2020b). Interactions of microplastics and cadmium on plant growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in an agricultural soil. Chemosphere, 254, 126791.
  183. Wang, F., Wang, X., & Song, N. (2021a). Polyethylene micro- plastics increase cadmium uptake in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) by altering the soil microenvironment. Science of the Total Environment, 784, 147133.
  184. Wang, L., Gao, Y., Jiang, W., Chen, J., Chen, Y., Zhang, X., & Wang, G. (2021b). Microplastics with cadmium inhibit the growth of Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara rather than reduce cadmium toxicity. Chemosphere, 266, 128979.
  185. Wang, L., Liu, Y., Kaur, M., Yao, Z., Chen, T., & Xu, M. (2021c). Phytotoxic effects of polyethylene microplas- tics on the growth of food crops soybean (Glycine max) and mung bean (Vigna radiata). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), 10629.
  186. Wang, W., Yuan, W., Xu, E. G., Li, L., Zhang, H., & Yang, Y. (2022a). Uptake, translocation, and biological impacts of micro (nano) plastics in terrestrial plants: Progress and prospects. Environmental Research, 203, 111867.
  187. Wang, J., Lu, S., Guo, L., Wang, P., He, C., Liu, D., Bian, H., & Sheng, L. (2022b). Effects of polystyrene nanoplastics with different functional groups on rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings: Combined transcriptome, enzymology, and physiology. Science of the Total Environment, 834, 155092.
  188. Weiss, G. A. (2017). Hennet Mechanisms T and consequences of intestinal dysbiosis. Cellular and Molecular Life Sci- ences, 74(16), 2959-2977.
  189. Weithmann, N., Möller, J. N., Löder, M. G., Piehl, S., Laforsch, C., & Freitag, R. (2018). Organic fertilizer as a vehicle for the entry of microplastic into the environment. Sci- ence Advances, 4(4), eaap8060.
  190. Whelan Iii, T., Van Tussenbroek, B. I., & Santos, M. B. (2011). Changes in trace metals in Thalassia testudinum after hurricane impacts. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(12), 2797-2802.
  191. Wick, P., Malek, A., Manser, P., Meili, D., Maeder-Althaus, X., Diener, L., Diener, P. A., Zisch, A., Krug, H. F., & von Mandach, U. (2010). Barrier capacity of human placenta for nanosized materials. Environmental Health Perspec- tives, 118(3), 432-436.
  192. Wu, J., Liu, W., Zeb, A., Lian, J., Sun, Y., & Sun, H. (2021). Polystyrene microplastic interaction with Oryza sativa: Toxicity and metabolic mechanism. Environmental Sci- ence: Nano, 8(12), 3699-3710.
  193. Wu, P., Li, J., Lu, X., Tang, Y., & Cai, Z. (2022). Release of tens of thousands of microfibers from discarded face masks under simulated environmental conditions. Sci- ence of the Total Environment, 806, 150458.
  194. Wu, X., Liu, Y., Yin, S., Xiao, K., Xiong, Q., Bian, S., Liang, S., Hou, H., Hu, J., & Yang, J. (2020). Metabolomics revealing the response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) exposed to polystyrene microplastics. Environmental Pollution, 266, 115159. Environ Monit Assess (2023) 195:27
  195. Xia, S., Liu, M., Wang, C., Xu, W., Lan, Q., Feng, S., Qi, F., Bao, L., Du, L., Liu, S., & Lu, L. (2020). Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 (previously 2019-nCoV) infection by a highly potent pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting its spike protein that harbors a high capacity to mediate membrane fusion. Cell Research, 30(4), 343-355.
  196. Xu, G., Liu, Y., & Yu, Y. (2021). Effects of polystyrene microplas- tics on uptake and toxicity of phenanthrene in soybean. Sci- ence of the Total Environment, 783, 147016.
  197. Yadav, S., Gupta, E., Patel, A., Srivastava, S., Mishra, V. K., Singh, P. C., Srivastava, P. K., & Barik, S. K. (2022). Unravelling the emerging threats of microplastics to agroecosystems. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 1-28.
  198. Yan, X., Yang, X., Tang, Z., Fu, J., Chen, F., Zhao, Y., Ruan, L., & Yang, Y. (2020a). Downward transport of natu- rally-aged light microplastics in natural loamy sand and the implication to the dissemination of antibiotic resist- ance genes. Environmental Pollution, 262, 114270.
  199. Yan, X., Zang, Z., Luo, N., Jiang, Y., & Li, Z. (2020b). New interpretable deep learning model to monitor real-time PM2. 5 concentrations from satellite data. Environment International, 144, 106060.
  200. Yang, D., Shi, H., Li, L., Li, J., Jabeen, K., & Kolandhasamy, P. (2015). Microplastic pollution in table salts from China. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(22), 13622-13627.
  201. Yang, M., Huang, D. Y., Tian, Y. B., Zhu, Q. H., Zhang, Q., Zhu, H. H., & Xu, C. (2021). Influences of different source microplastics with different particle sizes and application rates on soil properties and growth of Chi- nese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 222, 112480.
  202. Yang, X., Bento, C. P., Chen, H., Zhang, H., Xue, S., Lwanga, E. H., Zomer, P., Ritsema, C. J., & Geissen, V. (2018). Influence of microplastic addition on glyphosate decay and soil microbial activities in Chinese loess soil. Envi- ronmental Pollution, 242, 338-347.
  203. Ye, Y., Liu, J., Chen, M., Sun, L., & Lan, M. (2010). In vitro toxicity of silica nanoparticles in myocardial cells. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 29(2), 131-137.
  204. Yin, L., Wen, X., Huang, D., Du, C., Deng, R., Zhou, Z., Tao, J., Li, R., Zhou, W., Wang, Z., & Chen, H. (2021). Inter- actions between microplastics/nanoplastics and vascular plants. Environmental Pollution, 290, 117999.
  205. Yoshida, S., Hiraga, K., Takehana, T., Taniguchi, I., Yamaji, H., Maeda, Y., Toyohara, K., Miyamoto, K., Kimura, Y., & Oda, K. (2016). A bacterium that degrades and assimi- lates poly (ethylene terephthalate). Science, 351(6278), 1196-1199.
  206. Yu, H., Zhang, X., Hu, J., Peng, J., & Qu, J. (2020). Ecotox- icity of polystyrene microplastics to submerged carnivo- rous Utricularia vulgaris plants in freshwater ecosystems. Environmental Pollution, 265, 114830.
  207. Zeb, A., Liu, W., Meng, L., Lian, J., Wang, Q., Lian, Y., Chen, C., & Wu, J. (2022). Effects of polyester microfibers (PMFs) and cadmium on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and the rhizospheric microbial communities: A study involving physio-biochemical properties and metabolomic profiles. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 424, 127405.
  208. Zenteno, C., De Freitas, R. C. A., Fernandes, R. B. A., Fontes, M. P. F., & Jordão, C. P. (2013). Sorption of cadmium in some soil amendments for in situ recovery of contami- nated soils. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 224(2), 1-9.
  209. Zhang, G. S., & Liu, Y. F. (2018). The distribution of micro- plastics in soil aggregate fractions in southwestern China. Science of the Total Environment, 642, 12-20.
  210. Zhang, H., Wang, J., Zhou, B., Zhou, Y., Dai, Z., Zhou, Q., Chriestie, P., & Luo, Y. (2018). Enhanced adsorption of oxytetracycline to weathered microplastic polystyrene: Kinetics, isotherms and influencing factors. Environmental Pollution, 243, 1550-1557.
  211. Zhang, S., Wang, J., Liu, X., Qu, F., Wang, X., Wang, X., Li, Y., & Sun, Y. (2019). Microplastics in the environment: A review of analytical methods, distribution, and biological effects. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 111, 62-72.
  212. Zhang, J., Gao, D., Li, Q., Zhao, Y., Li, L., Lin, H., Bi, Q., & Zhao, Y. (2020). Biodegradation of polyethylene micro- plastic particles by the fungus Aspergillus flavus from the guts of wax moth Galleria mellonella. Science of the Total Environment, 704, 135931.
  213. Zhang, K., Hamidian, A. H., Tubić, A., Zhang, Y., Fang, J. K., Wu, C., & Lam, P. K. (2021a). Understanding plastic degradation and microplastic formation in the environ- ment: A review. Environmental Pollution, 274, 116554.
  214. Zhang, Q., Zhao, M., Meng, F., Xiao, Y., Dai, W., & Luan, Y. (2021b). Effect of polystyrene microplastics on rice seed germination and antioxidant enzyme activity. Toxics, 9(8), 179.
  215. Zhang, H., Liang, J., Luo, Y., Tang, N., Li, X., Zhu, Z., & Guo, J. (2022a). Comparative effects of polystyrene nanoplas- tics with different surface charge on seedling establish- ment of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.). Chemos- phere, 292, 133403.
  216. Zhang, Y., Yang, X., Luo, Z. X., Lai, J. L., Li, C., & Luo, X. G. (2022b). Effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) on the physiology and molecular metabolism of corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings. Science of the Total Environment, 806, 150895.
  217. Zhang, J., Wang, X., Xue, W., Xu, L., Ding, W., Zhao, M., Liu, S., Zou, G., & Chen, Y. (2022c). Microplastics pollution in soil increases dramatically with long-term application of organic composts in a wheat-maize rotation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 356, 131889.
  218. Zhang, S., Li, Y., Chen, X., Jiang, X., Li, J., Yang, L., Yin, X., & Zhang, X. (2022d). Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in organic fertilizers in China. Science of the Total Environment, 844, 157061.
  219. Zhao, J., Ren, W., Dai, Y., Liu, L., Wang, Z., Yu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, X., & Xing, B. (2017). Uptake, distribution, and transformation of CuO NPs in a floating plant Eichhornia crassipes and related stomatal responses. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(13), 7686-7695.
  220. Zheng, X., Shen, M., Ying, Z., Feng, Y., Wang, B., & Dou, B. (2022). Correlating phosphorus transformation with pro- cess water during hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge via experimental study and mathematical model- ling. Science of the Total Environment, 807, 150750.
  221. Zhou, H. X., & Pang, X. (2018). Electrostatic interactions in protein structure, folding, binding, and condensation. Chemical Reviews, 118(4), 1691-1741.
  222. Environ Monit Assess (2023) 195:27
  223. Zhou, Y., Liu, X., & Wang, J. (2019). Characterization of microplastics and the association of heavy metals with microplastics in suburban soil of central China. Science of the Total Environment, 694, 133798.
  224. Zhou, C. Q., Lu, C. H., Mai, L., Bao, L. J., Liu, L. Y., & Zeng, E. Y. (2021a). Response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots to nanoplastic treatment at seedling stage. Journal of Haz- ardous Materials, 401, 123412.
  225. Zhou, J., Gui, H., Banfield, C. C., Wen, Y., Zang, H., Dippold, M. A., Charlton, A., & Jones, D. L. (2021b). The micro- plastisphere: Biodegradable microplastics addition alters soil microbial community structure and function. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 156, 108211.
  226. Zhou, J., Wen, Y., Marshall, M. R., Zhao, J., Gui, H., Yang, Y., Zeng, Z., Jones, D. L., & Zang, H. (2021c). Micro- plastics as an emerging threat to plant and soil health in agroecosystems. Science of the Total Environment, 787, 147444.
  227. Zhu, D., Ma, J., Li, G., Rillig, M. C., & Zhu, Y. G. (2022). Soil plastispheres as hotspots of antibiotic resistance genes and potential pathogens. The ISME journal, 16(2), 521- 532. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1038/ s41396-021-01103-9
  228. Ziajahromi, S., Neale, P. A., & Leusch, F. D. (2016). Wastewa- ter treatment plant effluent as a source of microplastics: Review of the fate, chemical interactions and potential risks to aquatic organisms. Water Science and Technol- ogy, 74(10), 2253-2269.
  229. Zong, X., Zhang, J., Zhu, J., Zhang, L., Jiang, L., Yin, Y., & Guo, H. (2021). Effects of polystyrene microplastic on uptake and toxicity of copper and cadmium in hydro- ponic wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). Ecotoxi- cology and Environmental Safety, 217, 112217.
  230. Zuccarello, P., Ferrante, M., Cristaldi, A., Copat, C., Grasso, A., Sangregorio, D., Fiore, M., & Conti, G. O. (2019). Exposure to microplastics (< 10 μm) associated to plastic bottles mineral water consumption: The first quantitative study. Water Research, 157, 365-371.
  231. Zurier, H. S., & Goddard, J. M. (2021). Biodegradation of microplastics in food and agriculture. Current Opinion in Food Science, 37, 37-44.

Related papers

Microplastics and Their Effect in Horticultural Crops: Food Safety and Plant Stress
Felipe M . Galleguillos Madrid

Agronomy, 2021

The presence of micro and nanoplastics in the food chain constitutes an emergent multifactorial food safety and physiological stress problem, which must be approached with a strategic perspective since it affects public health when consuming products that have this pollutant, such as fish and crustaceans, fruits, and vegetables. In this review, the authors present the results by scientists from different disciplines who are dedicated to discovering their chemical constitution and origin, the contents of these microparticles in edible plants, the contamination of water-irrigated soils, the mechanisms that concentrate microplastics in these soils, methods to determine them, contamination of freshwater sources of cities, and the negative effect of nano and microplastics on various food products and their detrimental impact on the environment. Recent findings of plant uptake mechanisms complement this, but more research is needed.

View PDFchevron_right
Uptake and Accumulation of Nano/Microplastics in Plants: A Critical Review
Muhammad Arslan Ahmad

Nanomaterials

The ubiquitous presence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in the environment is an undeniable and serious concern due to their higher persistence and extensive use in agricultural production. This review highlights the sources and fate of MPs and NPs in soil and their uptake, translocation, and physiological effects in the plant system. We provide the current snapshot of the latest reported studies with the majority of literature spanning the last five years. We draw attention to the potential risk of MPs and NPs in modern agriculture and their effects on plant growth and development. We also highlight their uptake and transport pathways in roots and leaves via different exposure methods in plants. Conclusively, agricultural practices, climate changes (wet weather and heavy rainfall), and soil organisms play a major role in transporting MPs and NPs in soil. NPs are more prone to enter plant cell walls as compared to MPs. Furthermore, transpiration pull is the dominant fa...

View PDFchevron_right
Micro and Nanoplastics Interactions with Plant Species: Trends, Meta-Analysis, and Perspectives
Muhammad Arslan Ahmad

2022

The ubiquitous presence of nano plastics (NPx) and micro plastics (MPx) in the environment has been demonstrated, and as such, the exposure scenarios, mechanisms of plant response, and ultimate risk must be determined. However, the current literature reports ambiguous outcomes and provides limited mechanistic insight into critical governing processes. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of the most recent literature investigating the effect of MPx/NPx on plant species under laboratory and field conditions so as to evaluate the current state of knowledge. Toxic effects of MPx/NPx exposure in plants varies as a function of plant species and interestingly, generally non-significant responses are reported in staple crops. NPx (&lt;100 nm) more negatively affected plant development parameters (n=341) (n is total number of observations), photosynthetic pigments (n=80), and biochemical indicators (n=91) than did MPx (&gt;100 nm). Surprisingly, NPx exposure yielded negligible effects on germ...

View PDFchevron_right
Uptake of Microplastics by Plant: a Reason to Worry or to be Happy
Verla Andrew Wirnkor, enyoh christian

Microplastic (MP, 1 μm − 5 mm) pollution has become a global environmental concern with potential risk to ecosystem and human health. Information on the accumulation of MPs in aquatic species has been well documented, while information on the uptake and accumulation of MPs by higher plants is still very scarce. Terrestrial edible plants are directly exposed to MPs when soil was applied with sludge, organic fertilizer, plastic mulching, waste water irrigation, plastic littering, surface runoff or from atmospheric deposition of airborne MP. One study using fluorescent marker recently showed that plant can accumulate MP through uptake from MP polluted soil. Thus, potentially contaminating the base of the food-web and also indicating new exposure route to MP ingestion. This review present a discuss of the implication of these findings to human, who may be ingesting an estimated 80 g of MP through eating of plant daily as global consumption rate of plant continually increase. Also, benefit for the terrestrial ecosystem is discussed, by which plant acts as a potential remediator of MP polluted soil either by phytoextraction, phytostabilization and phytofilteration. We conclude by pointing knowledge gap and suggesting key future areas of research for scientists and policymakers.

View PDFchevron_right
Effects of Microplastics on Agriculture: A Mini-review
Kuok Ho Daniel Tang

Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology

Microplastics have permeated most, if not all, ecosystems including the terrestrial ones. The presence of microplastics in soil poses concerns on plants and agriculture. Microplastics alter soil biophysical properties including bulk density, water holding capacity and soil microbial interactions with water stable aggregates. The effects of microplastics on soil and plants frequently depend on the types and sizes of microplastics. This mini review presents a concise illustration of the impacts of microplastics on plants and crops. From the review, microplastics alter soil biophysical and chemical characteristics either positively or negatively depending on their types, concentrations, sizes and shapes. It reveals the ability of microplastics to affect enzymatic activities of plants which could lead to genotoxicity and oxidative damage. It unveils endocytosis of microplastics by specific plant cells as well as the uptake of microplastics via root and their accumulation and transport i...

View PDFchevron_right

Related topics

  • Environmental monitoring and ass...

    • Cited by

    Revealing the Combined Effects of Microplastics, Zn, and Cd on Soil Properties and Metal Accumulation by Leafy Vegetables: A Preliminary Investigation by a Laboratory Experiment
    Evangelia Golia

    Soil Systems

    A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of polyethylene (PE), a broadly utilized polymer type, on soil properties and lettuce growth. Two Zn- and Cd-contaminated soil samples were obtained from urban and rural areas of Greece, respectively. PE fragments (&lt;5 mm) were added at different concentrations (2.5%, 5% w/w). Lettuce seeds were then planted in the pots in a completely randomized experiment. Plant growth patterns and tissue metal accumulation were investigated. The presence of PE in soils resulted in a reduction in pH, significantly enhanced the organic matter content, and increased the cation-exchange capacity. The availability of both metals was also increased. Metal migration from soil to plant was determined using appropriate tools and indexes. A higher metal concentration was detected in lettuce roots compared with that in the edible leaves. The presence of PE MPs (2.5% w/w) increased the amount of available Zn more than that of Cd in highly contamin...

    View PDFchevron_right
    Plastic in the Environment: A Modern Type of Abiotic Stress for Plant Physiology
    Daniela Castiglia

    Plants

    In recent years, plastic pollution has become a growing environmental concern: more than 350 million tons of plastic material are produced annually. Although many efforts have been made to recycle waste, a significant proportion of these plastics contaminate and accumulate in the environment. A central point in plastic pollution is demonstrated by the evidence that plastic objects gradually and continuously split up into smaller pieces, thus producing subtle and invisible pollution caused by microplastics (MP) and nanoplastics (NP). The small dimensions of these particles allow for the diffusion of these contaminants in farmlands, forest, freshwater, and oceans worldwide, posing serious menaces to human, animal, and plant health. The uptake of MPs and NPs into plant cells seriously affects plant growth, development, and photosynthesis, finally limiting crop yields and endangering natural environmental biodiversity. Furthermore, nano- and microplastics—once adsorbed by plants—can eas...

    View PDFchevron_right
    Plant Abiotic Stress Factors: Current Challenges of Last Decades and Future Threats
    Çimen Atak

    Plant Stress Responses and Defense Mechanisms [Working Title]

    All life forms, from the simplest to the most complicated, are inevitably exposed to altering environmental conditions in their natural habitats, gradually depending on their lifestyle. Unfavorable alterations drive these life forms either to avoidance or defense as a response. Most of the essential plant growth-promoting environmental factors can also turn out to be stress factors. Water as the most abundant molecule of all living cells can cause stress either in deficit as drought or in excess as waterlogging. Temperature is important for the maintenance of all biomolecules and metabolic reactions; hence, both low and high temperatures are deleterious stress factors. Even though the plants were exposed to various volcanic origin, heavy metals and pollutants and evolved molecular mechanisms during millions year of evolution, rapid urbanization, and industrial progress introduce brand new pollutants as micro- and nanoplastics as well as nanoparticles to plants like never before. Thi...

    View PDFchevron_right
    Perspectives on Thermochemical Recycling of End-of-Life Plastic Wastes to Alternative Fuels
    Tumpa Rani Sarker

    Materials, 2023

    This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

    View PDFchevron_right
    580 California St., Suite 400
    San Francisco, CA, 94104
    © 2025 Academia. All rights reserved