Best Practice and Definitions of Data Sciences : Beyond Statistics

The term Big Data is being used widely by companies and researchers who consider your relevant functionalities or applications to create value and business innovation. However, some questions arise about what is this phenomenon and, more precisely, how it occurs and under what conditions it can create value and innovation in business. In our view, the lack of depth related to the principles involved in Big Data and the very absence of a conceptual definition, made it difficult to answer these questions that have been the basis for our research. To answer these questions we did a bibliometric study and extensive literature review. The bibliometric studies were realized based in articles and citation of Web of Knowledge database. The main result of our research is the providing a conceptual definition for the term Big Data. Also, we propose which principles discovered can contribute with other researches that intend value creation by Big Data. Finally we propose see the value creation through Big Data using the Resource Based View as the main theory used for discuss that theme.

In this review study, one of the most important technological trend, i.e. big data, is explained together with some of the main terminology relative to the field emerging from it. Some of the challenges and opportunities that it brings along are described and a list of new research sub-fields is also suggested as well as recommendations for the universities to embrace the new technologies and incorporate them in their curriculum in an effort to properly train the experts of the new big data era.

The evolution of information systems and the growth in the use of the Internet and social networks has caused an explosion in the amount of available data relevant to the activities of the companies. Therefore, the treatment of these available data is vital to support operational, tactical and strategic decisions. This paper aims to present the concept of big data and the main technologies that support the analysis of large data volumes. The potential of big data is explored considering nine sectors of activity, such as financial, retail, healthcare, transports, agriculture, energy, manufacturing, public, and media and entertainment. In addition, the main current opportunities, vulnerabilities and privacy challenges of big data are discussed. It was possible to conclude that despite the potential for using the big data to grow in the previously identified areas, there are still some challenges that need to be considered and mitigated, namely the privacy of information, the existence of qualified human resources to work with Big Data and the promotion of a data-driven organizational culture. Information is now increasingly important and a successful differential, as the whirlwind of external events forces organizations to face new situations. The information becomes fundamental for the discovery and introduction of new technologies, as well as for exploring opportunities investment. It has the power to detect new opportunities, sign of the threats and reduces uncertainties during the decision-making process and, consequently, increases its quality. In this sense, the differential of companies and professionals is directly related to the value they give to information, knowledge and how they use it in meeting the demands of the market and in the search for innovative solutions. The process of decision-making is complex and rational, contemplating factors such as intuition, experiences and knowledge. Business managers are constantly going through situations where they are faced with a number of different paths, and must choose the one that leads the organization to achieve its results. Therefore, information plays a fundamental role in the decision-making process, in order to identify the various alternatives and their consequences. However, capturing relevant information for the company is a complex and difficult task. Useful data can come from anywhere and there is an increasing number of heterogeneous numbers of devices that capture data from different sources. The compilation and sharing of detailed information is only possible through the use of information and communication technologies (ICT), and this data can come from suppliers, consumers, partners and competitors. To this large volume of data coming from multiple heterogeneous sources we call Big Data, which is the next frontier for business innovation and productivity. For that reason, companies should be aware of the potentialities and vulnerabilities of Big Data and create strategies to handle large volumes of data in order to take advantage of its many potentialities. 2-Concept of Big Data Although the term "big data" is relatively new, the act of collecting and storing large amounts of information for eventual data analysis is quite old. Companies in diverse sectors of activity, mainly those of bigger dimension and with greater volume of data, have developed solutions of business intelligence (BI) to support business management processes. BI is characterized by the use of a set of methodologies, processes, structures and technologies that transform a large amount of raw data into useful information for making strategic decisions [1]. Table 1 performs a comparative *

Jurnal pertahanan dan bela negara, 2017

Data are the prominent elements in scientific researches and approaches. Data Science methodology is used to select and to prepare enormous numbers of data for further processing and analysing. Big Data technology collects vast amount of data from many sources in order to exploit the information and to visualise trend or to discover a certain phenomenon in the past, present, or in the future at high speed processing capability. Predictive analytics provides in-depth analytical insights and the emerging of machine learning brings the data analytics to a higher level by processing raw data with artificial intelligence technology. Predictive analytics and machine learning produce visual reports for decision makers and stake-holders. Regarding cyberspace security, big data promises the opportunities in order to prevent and to detect any advanced cyber-attacks by using internal and external security data.

Abstract: - The main objective of this article to review the concept of Big Data. Firstly, a definition the term and the important characteristics of Big Data are given. Secondly, describe the management of big data. Next, the article explore relevancy of the term “Big Data” with Information Science and in general context. Key Words: Big Data, Characteristics, Library Information Services, OPAC, RDM