Reference Architectures for the IoT: A Survey

— The Internet of Things (IoT) brings together a multitude of technologies, with a vision of creating an interconnected world.This paper provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) with emphasis on enabling system security,architecture,business models and application issues. The IoT is enabled by the latest developments in RFID, smart sensors. The basic premise is to have smart sensors collaborate directly without human involvement to deliver a new class of applications. The current revolution in Internet, mobile and machine-to-machine (M2M) technologies can be seen as the first phase of the IoT. In the coming years, the IoT is expected to bridge diverse technologies to enable new applications by connecting physical objects together in support of intelligent decision making. We survey the four most dominant IoT architectures and analyze their security components with respect to the requirements. Our analysis shows a mediocre coverage of security requirements.

Internet of things technology is delivering new experiences to the people by connecting devices, people and networks together. Examples include smart grid, smart health, smart home, smart offices, smart manufacturing, e-commerce, e-governance and smart industrial control. More and more devices are connecting every day resulting in more security threats and issues. We need a robust IoT security model to support resource constrained IoT devices, and end to end security. In this paper, we have discussed the entities involved in providing IoT based services for example IoT devices, applications and networks. We especially discussed the attack vectors and security requirements for IoT system and organizational approach towards IoT security. We have proposed security architecture to provide security enabled IoT services. Our proposed framework is divided into three parts; application part, network part and physical part. Our research will benefit to secure IoT system and provide baseline for security deployment.

The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) was introduced by Kevin Ashton, a cofounder of the Auto-ID Center at MIT, in 1998. The vision is that objects ("things") are connected to each other and thereby they create IoT in which each object has its distinct identity and can communicate with other objects. IoT objects can vary dramatically in size from a small wearable device to a cruise ship. IoT transforms ordinary products such as cars, buildings, and machines into smart, connected objects that can communicate with people, applications and each other.

2018

ABSRACT This paper performs a survey and analysis on the concerns of the Internet of things (IoT) security. The IoT architecture and framework aims to connect anyone with anything and anywhere. IoT connects large number of machines, IoT devices and sensors that use heterogeneous networks (wired and wireless). IoT characteristically have three layers as Perception, Network, and Application layer. This paper describes the security and privacy concerns of IoT at every layer of IoT architecture. Finally, the paper presents conclusion and future directions for securing the IoT at every level so as to maximize the efficiency of IoT systems.

The Principle Internet of Things (IoT) Security Techniques Framework Based on Seven Levels IoT’s Reference Model, 2021

Basically, by increasing Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm involvement in our lives, a lot of threats and attacks regarding IoT security and privacy are realized and raised. If they are left without taking extensive considerations, such security and privacy issues and challenges can certainly threaten the IoT existence. Such security and privacy issues are derived from many reasons. One of these reasons is the unavailability of universal accepted appropriate IoT security techniques, methods, and guidelines. These methods and techniques will greatly guide IoT developers and engineering, draw the success road for developing, and implementing secure IoT systems. So, our contribution focusses on such objective in which, we propose a comprehensive IoT security and privacy framework based on the seven levels of IoT reference architecture introduced by Cisco, in which a set of proper security techniques and guidelines is specified for each level. Additionally, we identify several critical techniques which can be accomplished for blocking many possible attacks against the IoT seven levels.

Symmetry, 2019

Assuring security and privacy is one of the key issues affecting the Internet of Things (IoT), mostly due to its distributed nature. Therefore, for the IoT to thrive, this problem needs to be tackled and solved. This paper describes a security-oriented architecture for managing IoT deployments. Our main goal was to deal with a fine-grained control in the access to IoT data and devices, to prevent devices from being manipulated by attackers and to avoid information leaking from IoT devices to unauthorized recipients. The access control is split: the management of authentication and access control policies is centered on special components (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Controllers), which can be distributed or centralized, and the actual enforcement of access control decisions happens on the entities that stay in the path to the IoT devices (Gateways and Device Drivers). The authentication in the entire system uses asymmetric cryptography and pre-distributed unique id...

IEEE Access

For the past few years, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology continues to not only gain popularity and importance, but also witnesses the true realization of everything being smart. With the advent of the concept of smart everything, IoT has emerged as an area of great potential and incredible growth. An IoT ecosystem centers around innovation perspective which is considered as its fundamental core. Accordingly, IoT enabling technologies such as hardware and software platforms as well as standards become the core of the IoT ecosystem. However, any large-scale technological integration such as the IoT development poses the challenge to ensure secure data transmission. Perhaps, the ubiquitous and the resource-constrained nature of IoT devices and the sensitive and private data being generated by IoT systems make them highly vulnerable to physical and cyber threats. In this paper, we redefine an IoT ecosystem from the core technologies view point. We propose a modified three layer IoT architecture by dividing the perception layer into elementary blocks based on their attributed functions. Enabling technologies, attacks and security countermeasures are classified under each layer of the proposed architecture. Additionally, to give the readers a broader perspective of the research area, we discuss the role of various state-of-the-art emerging technologies in the IoT security. We present the security aspects of the most prominent standards and other recently developed technologies for IoT which might have the potential to form the yet undefined IoT architecture. Among the technologies presented in this article, we give a special interest to one recent technology in IoT domain. This technology is named IQRF that stands for Intelligent Connectivity using Radio Frequency. It is an emerging technology for wireless packet-oriented communication that operates in sub-GHz ISM band (868 MHz) and which is intended for general use where wireless connectivity is needed, either in a mesh network or pointto-point (P2P) configuration. We also highlighted the security aspects implemented in this technology and we compare it with the other already known technologies. Moreover, a detailed discussion on the possible attacks is presented. These attacks are projected on the IoT technologies presented in this article including IQRF. In addition, lightweight security solutions, implemented in these technologies, to counter these threats in the proposed IoT ecosystem architecture are also presented. Lastly, we summarize the survey by listing out some common challenges and the future research directions in this field. INDEX TERMS Cyber attacks, IoT architecture, Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, IQRF, network security. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Songwen Pei .

—Internet of Things [IoT] enables a number of heterogeneous internet enabled devices to communicate through different protocols and network technologies. The last few years witnessed rapid improvements in different IoT fields e.g. smart energy, defense and public safety, smart farming and smart health. The heterogeneity nature of IoT is a key challenge against standardizations efforts, and hence the interoperability among IoT devices is reduced. In addition to interoperability problems, the limited capabilities hinder the application of security mechanisms. The recent research work focused on how to dynamically manage and secure IoT components across heterogeneous objects, transmission technologies, and networking architectures through proposing various IoT protocol stacks and security techniques. The need for standardized stack increases interoperability and applications development for human life. Many technologies such as software defined networks [SDN], Cloud, and Fog computing have integrated either to IoT applications or architectures to maintain and secure large-scale heterogeneous networks. In this paper, the most recent proposed IoT architectures and a fair discussion to their security benefits are presented and compared according to many factors such as QoS support for applications, security&privacy, mobility, and manageability.

Artificial Intelligence and Technologies, 2021

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2016

The Internet of Things, also called The Internet of Objects, refers to a wireless network between objects; usually the network will be wireless and self-configuring, such as household appliances. Secures IOT end-to-end, which means authenticating device communications, protecting code and applications, and securing devices from threats. Emergence accompanied the IoT technology, or when using of this technology and its deployment, an increase in security and privacy violation, so must take caution when used , and also paid to further research in this technology which that bothered a lot, including confidentiality, authenticity, and integrity. In this paper we will present the security and privacy when using the Internet of Things technology, depending on the architecture of the devices, and will be focusing on how security building in the devices, and protection requirements, by studying the architecture layer and IoT security infrastructure.