Occupant Protection from Cargo in Armored Vehicles

Journal of Konbin, 2010

The work describes model and experimental tests on the road restraint systems with particular attention to vehicle collisions with a concrete protective barrier. Vehicle and protective barrier crash tests include the experiment results in three basic fields: intensity of influence of the collision effects on vehicle passengers, collision impact on a vehicle and the road restraint system. It presents a test track concept as well as criteria for performing and evaluating the crash tests with a passenger vehicle and a safety barrier. The experimental tests were performed according to the test methodology recommended by the standard [2]. Examples of model test results were compared with experimental test results obtained on the test track.

SAE Technical Paper Series

The objective of this study was to optimize the occupant restraint systems (including both seatbelt and airbag) in a light tactical vehicle under frontal crash conditions through a combination of sled testing and computational modeling. Two iterations of computational modeling and sled testing were performed to find the optimal restraint design solutions for protecting occupants represented by three size of ATDs (namely Hybrid-III 5 th percentile female ATD, 50 th percentile male ATD, and 95 th male ATD) and two military gear configurations, namely improved outer tactical vest (IOTV) and SAW Gunner configuration using a tactical assault panel (TAP). The sled tests with the optimized seatbelt and airbag designs provided significant improvement on the head, neck, chest, and femur injury risks compared to the baseline tests. This study demonstrated the benefit of adding a properly designed airbag and advanced seatbelt to improve the occupant protection in frontal crashes for a light tactical vehicle.

2015

Ever increasing number of vehicles on road imposes a due concern about road safety on the automobile manufacturers and the users as well. Cargo vehicle is a major part of automobile sector and attained a new look in the era of internet of things. The current paper presents various modern trends being incorporated in Cargo vehicles to monitor different vehicles and environmental parameters to ensure road safety. Authors have extended the scope of study with due consideration to R&D efforts in advanced sensing, environmental perception and interactive driver assistance systems to avoid road accidents due to uneven/over loading of cargo vehicles in specific. With this kind of challenging efforts, the authors aim to converge important technologies such as automotive-electronics, sensors and mobile communication towards safe operation of cargo vehicles while negotiating the road.

Transportation Research Procedia

The paper deals with an evaluation of the transport experiment on D1 highway with Tatra T-815-7. The goal is to analyze the magnitude of shocks affecting the cargo during the transport with the emphasis on safety. Evaluated data was collected from three equal rides with the usage of 3-Axial Accelerometer with datalogger positioned on the fastened metal pallet in the center of the cargo space. The evaluation was performed with the usage of measured shocks (acceleration coefficients) in individual axis of descriptive statistics. The results of the analyses show somewhat significant deviations from normatively set acceleration coefficient values, especially in axis z. Despite rather a modern vehicle, drive on a highway in higher speed leads to frequent exceeding of normatively set limits, as per EN 12195-1:2011, having so a direct impact on cargo securing. The article also includes illustrative calculations of necessary securing forces for extremes in measured values and verification of used securing system parameters.

Applied Sciences

Increased volumes of freight turnover in international transportation require the situational adaptation of the existing wagon fleet to the transportation of containers, which are commonly used at present. The research presented in this article substantiates the possibility of transporting containers in open wagons. It has been found that taking into account the possible displacements of containers in the body, the stresses at the operating modes can be twice as high as the permissible ones if an open wagon is part of the combined train. In this regard, it is proposed that a detachable multifunctional module for securing containers in the open wagon body be used. The detachable module is fixed through the fitting stops, either stationary or hinged, in the body. The rationale for the choice of the detachable module profile, as well as the results of its strength calculation, is given. The strength of the open wagon body during container transportation has been studied taking into acc...

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2013

The Brazilian Automotive regulations that are aimed towards the safety of drivers, passengers and pedestrians have gone through recent changes to prevent and/or minimize injury and trauma from different types of accidents. Until now, National Traffic Council (CONTRAN) Resolution nº 14/98 required vehicles to only have safety belts for an occupant restraint system, and frontal airbags were not required. Since the recent CONTRAN nº 311/09 Resolution requires mandatory frontal airbags, the occupant restraint system must be tuned due to the interaction with different components that may make up the system, like safety belts with pretensioners and seatbelt load limiting devices. The present study was developed to optimize the restraint system of a current vehicle in production, while focusing on minimizing the vehicle complexity. The optimization tool helped to develop a robust restraint system for the frontal passenger during a frontal impact [1]. The numerical computational model created was initially correlated with an experimental test, and then 72 simulations were performed to build the optimization matrix. The optimized parameters provided by the Design of Experiments (DOE) were simulated in the numerical computational model and also applied in an experimental test. The results presented excellent correlation and the goals of the optimization were achieved showing that this tool can help in future developments. This paper will review the methods used to study variables in restraint system with respect to their effect on occupant performance, as well as explain the final results from this optimization study.

Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2007

A large research program was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of different heavy vehicle rear underrun guards. Based on the test results, a recommended underrun guard specification was developed to prevent passenger injuries in such accidents. Data obtained from a series of static and full-scale crash tests performed at the Transport Canada Research Center was used in the development of the specification. Four different underrun guard designs were used during the full-scale crash tests. Three different vehicle models representing sub-compact, compact vehicles and light trucks and vans traveling at 48, 56 and 65 km/h relative speeds were used to impact underrun guards head on. The first 10 of the crash tests guard was attached to a simulated trailer while the last one performed using an actual truck. The results obtained from these tests show that a guard built to the minimum requirements of U.S. FMVSS 223 may not be strong enough to prevent passenger compartment intrusion especially in compact and sub-compact automobiles.

SAVeRS" (Selection of Appropriate Vehicle Restraint Systems) is a project funded within the CEDR 2012 Transnational Road Research Programme "Safety". The first Work Package of the project is aimed at analysing the existing criteria for identifying the need for the placement of a vehicle restraint system and for the identification of the most appropriate performance class. For this aim both the existing national standards and guidelines and literature documents have been analysed in details. The comparative analysis of 33 national standards and guidelines covering most of Europe and several non-European Countries has shown that there are many commonalities and it is possible to identify the most frequently used parameters with reference to safety barriers. Whilst the majority of the countries have guidelines and/or standards related to safety barriers, there is generally limited guidance for other systems such as crash cushions, transitions and motorcycle protection systems. Life-cycle cost models are usually not included in the standards but few tools are available worldwide.

2001

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of various configurations of a driver restraint system by using a combined injury criteria index and making the restraint system adaptive to different frontal crash coinditions, such as severity of the crash, belt use, sitting position, pre-impact braking and size of the driver.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2021

Crash energy absorption of Underride Guards that is present in trucks and other heavy vehicles is introduced in this research. This guard acts as a barrier or safety device which is a type of passive safety for other small vehicles. In an occurrence of a crash with the smaller or passenger vehicle, the response from the safety barrier is studied by making a 3d model of the truck and the vehicle. Various safety standards for underride barriers like FMVSS 223 and CMVSS 223 from different countries were studied and the Vehicle crumple zone is explored to know more about its characteristics, the key focus is to analyze the reaction of the underride guard rather than vehicle crumple zone. A model of a trailer with an underride guard is inspired from a Stoughton Trailer LLC, it is designed on a 3D modeling software SolidWorks and a crash simulation is carried out on ANSYS software, two types of analysis are performed nonlinear static structural and explicit dynamic analysis, in which the explicit dynamics consist of two setups, 40% overlap and full-frontal crash and prevention of the underride is observed. Studying the stiffness and limits of the underride barrier to avoid deformation in the event of an accident. The results obtained showed that a well-designed stiffer guard structure can prevent Passenger Compartment Intrusion.