Globalisation and Terrorism Discourse

Defining globalisation -Reflects the widespread perception that the world is moulded into shared social space by economic and technology forces and life changes of individuals or communities on the other side of the globe -Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world

Sambodhi Journal, 2020

With the emergence of globalization the impact of any terrorist activity is not just confined to a specific area or space. With the globalisation there is increase in the interdependence intercommunication and inter commutation so disturbance any where is disturbance everywhere.When we enter into knowing about the meaning of terrorism the discussions about the meaning of terrorism are enduring in everyday language, government policy, news reporting, and international politics. Different words are used to describe the act of violences. The value judgments frequently implicit in the use of the words terrorist or terrorist group can create inconsistency in their use. For example, the bombing of a bus in London was carried out by terrorists, but the bombing of a bus in Israel was perpetrated by a suicide bomber. Or again, terrorists in London bombed a tube train, but insurgents in Iraq have assassinated the Egyptian ambassador. The use of the words can imply judgment where there is no clear consensus about the legitimacy of militant political groups. In this paper the language to describe, discuss and debate the violence will be discussed in the era of globalization.

Globalization has been one of the most hotly contested phenomena of the past two decades. It has been a primary attractor of books, articles, and heated debate, just as postmodernism was the most fashionable and debated topic of the 1980s. A wide and diverse range of social theorists has argued that today's world is organized by forms of globalization, which are strengthening the dominance of the world capitalist economic system, supplanting the primacy of the nation-state by transnational corporations and organizations, and eroding local cultures and traditions through a global culture. Contemporary theorists from a wide range of political and theoretical positions are converging on the position that globalization is a distinguishing trend of the present moment, but there are fierce debates concerning its nature, effects, and future. 1 For its defenders, globalization marks the triumph of capitalism and its market economy (see apologists such as Fukuyama, 1993; Friedman, 1999 & 2005 who perceive this process as positive), whereas its critics portray globalization as negative (see Mander & Goldsmith, 1996; Eisenstein, 2004; Robins & Webster, 1999). Some theorists highlight the emergence of a new transnational ruling elite 1 Attempts to chart the globalization of capital, decline of the nation-state, and rise of a new global culture include the essays in

The advances of humanity in collaborative international trade, economic activities, interregional governance, collaborative international academic researches, collaborative international military actions and above all, the advances of technology in information communication have brought the world so close that it is often called a global village. The processes that interconnect the world, break the barriers of nature, national and regional boundaries to forge an intricately interconnected world in which no nation can optimally function in isolation from the of the globe. The processes shatter cultural barriers, create new trends, new values in a world that has witnessed increasingly overlapping cultures. The processes of globalization have permeated every facet of contemporary human existence. Globalization has not been without rough edges. Like a whirlwind it has unleashed its peculiarupheavals on the world. Hence, the anti-globalization movement. This work is essentially a philosophical reflection on sundry facets of globalization. It is eclectic and analytical in methodology.

Globalization today has engulfed the entire world, extending and taking place on the most important national and international agendas. The process of globalization includes great developments between countries around the world, technological, economic, cultural, scientific, etc, but is also considered by many countries as a threat to their country. On the one hand, globalization between different countries brings great relief and profits in many areas. On the other hand, globalization brings with it risks that have long-term and profound consequences. With the development of globalization, the challenges for the world have increased making them more difficult to face. One of the great challenges that have evolved through globalization is the rise of terrorism. Through this paper, we have attempted to present the rise and advancement of terrorism through globalization. In a related way, we will present the impact of globalization which was exploited by terrorism for illegal purposes as well as to bring danger to the world. In this paper, through descriptive, analytical, and comparative methods, we have tried to present how globalization has led to the rise and spread of terrorism globally. In conclusion, we can conclude that globalization has facilitated the development of terrorism, making the impact of terrorism and their activities much easier to spread across the globe.

International jorunal of research in social science, 2021

Globalization and Terrorism are two prominent terminology of modern world. In general globalization are considered as an economic phenomenon but it has political dimensions too. The relationship between globalization and terrorism are very complex. The concept of terrorism are undergoing with drastic changes under the influence of globalization. Globalization on the one hand works as the facilitator for terrorism while on the other hand it equips our security agencies with such technologies which are very helpful in checking the threat of terrorism. This paper is an attempt to understand the concept of globalisation with respect to terrorism. For example due to globalisation people are more free to move and settle from one country to another country. While shifting in new environment sometimes they feel difficulty in assimilating to new culture because these peoples have distinct set of ideas towards this new culture. Which becomes the cause of conflict between the new arrivals and the locals? In the same way globalization has amplified the effect of technology manifold which in turn helps security agencies in predicting and countering the terror act.

Eurasia Review , 2023

Globalization has now covered the entire globe, extending and occurring on the most significant national and international agendas. The process of globalization contains tremendous improvements amongst nations throughout the world, such as technical, economic, cultural, and scientific advancements, but it is also viewed as a danger by many countries. On the one hand, globalization across countries gives enormous alleviation and rewards in a variety of fields. Globalization, on the other hand, introduces hazards with long-term and severe implications. With the advancement of globalization, the world’s issues have multiplied, making them more difficult to face. The emergence of terrorism is one of the major concerns that has resulted from globalization. [1]Terrorism is a phenomenon that has spread to practically every corner of the world in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. As a result of local and foreign terrorist activity, several nations in the Middle East and North Africa have been at the epicenter of this carnage. While it is obvious that there is no one cause of terrorism, it has been stated that increased globalization has led to outbreaks of terrorist violence. If globalization has had such a role, higher levels of terrorism would be connected with higher levels of globalization.

The words 'Globalisation' and 'Terrorism' are both quite new in the present century although the history, practice and development are deeply rooted in the ancient time. Globalisation is one of the best blessings of twenty first century. As the time flies, people realize unlike any other issues globalization also associated with a curse, terrorism which is lately generated and developed. The dimension of Islamic Extremism generated new aspects and pattern in terrorism. Though there is enormous conflict in defining the concept 'terrorism' as the perspective of states and scholars differ. The attack on the Twin Tower at United States of America on September 11, 2001, marked the start of a blood-spattered conflict between USA and some unidentified terrorist groups. The world sees the horrible event of terrorism which is born in the era of twenty first century through the gate of globalisation. Unlike other dimensions of globalisation, terrorism has been migrated. Whatever dilemma we have to define 'terrorism', the victim is always civilian population and the reason for terrorism, in general, is hegemony and injustice. After 2001, religion is adjoined as new criteria to the causation of terrorism. On this background, this paper argues the how new dimensions of terrorism, aided by globalisation, has developed different patterns to it.

New Perspectives Quarterly, 2009

The Iranian revolution -the political realization of the "Great Refusal" of Western modernization -was a direct consequence a half century later of the forced secularization of the Ottoman Caliphate by Kemal Ataturk. With the superstructure of the Muslim ummah dismantled and replaced by the Turkish nation state, insurgent religious movements, from the (Sunni) Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt to the Shiite imams of Qum and Najaf, moved into the vacuum to reclaim Islam from the shadow of Western dominance. Now, history is turning again. Iran has been seized by violent turmoil as it seeks to reconcile democracy and religious rule. Secular Turkey is governed by an Islamist-rooted party. As they struggle to regain their balance, the global economic meltdown threatens a convergence against globalization that joins the Islamist resistance with populist backlashes elsewhere. Two legendary intelligence agents, a Hezbollah leader, an Iranian dissident philosopher and Shirin Ebadi, the Iranian human rights lawyer and Nobel Laureate, examine this historical turn. is a former vice chair of the National Intelligence Council at the CIA for long-range forecasting, an adjunct professor at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, British Columbia, and the author of numerous books, including The Future of Political Islam (2003). vancouver-Right vs. left, communism vs. capitalism, fascism vs. democracythese have made up the coinage of ideological struggles over the past century. Is it likely that in the crucible of the new global economic meltdown, fueled by the negligence of America's Wall Street, a potent new fusion of left and right ideologies may now emerge-one that even crosses cultures and captures new ground on the global ideological scene? Globalization has been the reigning ideological vision of the last two decades, particularly since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the "death" of communism. Globalization in American terms has largely referred to economic process, but the unspoken subtext was always that the totality of American culture and lifestyle represented the inevitable software of globalization. And under the Bush administration, the United States military was pressed into service as an addtional instrument to uphold the dominant US order-quite openly hailed by neoconservative writers as "the American century" or even a new benign form of empire. The pros and cons of globalization have been tirelessly debated over the yearsindeed the very definition is up for grabs. But at the very least the concept posits the interconnectedness of all economic markets, the existence of a global financial pool of capital, the need for open markets and for the free flow of people, ideas, technologies and products-at least in principle-across borders. Some observers predicted that major winners and losers would inevitably emerge from the globalization process-as in all economic processes, but it was widely assumed that America would emerge a net winner, despite some concerns by labor on the export of jobs. The attacks of 9/11 severely crimped this vision of unfettered globalization as ramped up anti-terrorism concerns, under the purview of powerful new security agencies, began to override the free movement of people, ideas and capital. Indeed, the metastasizing ideology of al-Qaida itself represents a form of globalization. But the recent plummet of international as well as domestic financial markets and the fears unleashed by it have dealt a far greater blow to globalization.The dimensions of its political, economic and social devastation remain quite unclear.At a minimum calls now arise for serious new international scrutiny of financial markets; all states have adopted procedures to protect their own markets, economies and populations from global financial plague. Globalization in American terms has largely referred to economic process, but the unspoken subtext was always that the totality of American culture and lifestyle represented the inevitable software of globalization. SUMMER 2009