Academia.eduAcademia.edu

Outline

The video lecture

2017, The Internet and Higher Education

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IHEDUC.2017.05.003

Abstract

Vocabulary for describing the structures, roles, and relationships characteristic of traditional, or 'offline', education has been seamlessly applied to the designs of 'online' education. One example is the lecture, delivered as a video recording. The purpose of this research is to consider the concept of 'lecture' as realised in both offline and online contexts. We explore how media differences entail different student experiences and how these differences relate to design decisions associated with each. We first identify five features of traditional lecturing that have been invoked to understand its impact. We then describe a taxonomy of online lecture design derived from digital artefacts published within web-based courses. Analysis of this taxonomy reveals six design features that configure differently the experience of lectures in the two presentational formats: classroom and video. Awareness of these differences is important for the practitioner who is now increasingly involved in developing network-based resources for learning.

References (49)

  1. Adams, C., Yin, Y., Madriz, L. F. V., & Mullen, C. S. (2014). A phenomenology of learning large: the tutorial sphere of xMOOC video lectures. Distance Education, 35(2), 202- 216. Bakhtin, M. M. (2010). Speech Genres and Other Late Essays. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  2. Bassili, J. N. (2008). Motivation and cognitive strategies in the choice to attend lectures or watch them online. International Journal of E-Learning & Distance Education, 22(3), 129- 148. Bhat, S., Chinprutthiwong, P., & Perry, M. (2015). Seeing the Instructor in Two Video Styles: Preferences and Patterns. International Educational Data Mining Society. Retrieved from http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED560520. Biesta, G. (2005). Against learning. Reclaiming a language for education in an age of learning. Nordisk Pedagogik, 25(1), 54-66.
  3. Biggs, J., & Tang, C. (2011). Teaching for quality learning at university: What the student does (Vol. 4th). Philadelphia: Society for Research into Higher Education; Open University Press.
  4. Bligh, D. A. (1971). What's the use of lectures? Middlesex: Penguin Education. Bogost, I. (2013, August 27). The condensed classroom. The Atlantic. Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/08/the-condensed-classroom/279013/.
  5. Borup, J., Graham, C. R., & Velasquez, A. (2011). The use of asynchronous video communication to improve instructor immediacy and social presence in a blended learning environment. In A. Kitchenham (Ed.), Blended learning across disciplines: Models for implementation (pp. 38-57). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. Borup, J., West, R. E., & Graham, C. R. (2012). Improving online social presence through asynchronous video. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(3), 195-203.
  6. Brent, D. (2005). Teaching as performance in the electronic classroom. First Monday, 10(4). Budwig, N., Užgiris, I. Č., & Wertsch, J. V. (2000). Communication: An arena of development. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Publishing Group. Cole, B. (2009). John Coltrane. New York: Da Capo Press.
  7. Crook, C.K. and Bligh, B. (2016). Technology and the dis-placing of learning in educational futures. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction. 11(1), 162-175. Crook, C.K., & Cluley, R. (2009). The teaching voice on the learning platform: seeking classroom climates within a virtual learning environment. Learning, Media and Technology, 34(3), 199-213.
  8. Fiorella, L., & Mayer, R. E. (2015). Effects of observing the instructor draw diagrams on learning from multimedia messages. Journal of Educational Psychology, 108(4), 528. Friesen, N. (2011a). The lecture as a transmedial pedagogical form: A historical analysis. Educational Researcher, 40(3), 95-102.
  9. Friesen, N. (2011b). The place of the classroom and the space of the screen: Relational pedagogy and internet technology. New York: Peter Lang. Garrison, D. R. (2007). Online community of inquiry review: Social, cognitive, and teaching presence issues. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 11(1), 61-72.
  10. Ghamdi, A., Samarji, A., & Watt, A. (2016). Essential considerations in distance education in KSA: Teacher immediacy in a virtual teaching and learning environment. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 6(1), 17-22.
  11. Giannakos, M. N. (2013). Exploring the video-based learning research: A review of the literature. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44(6), 191-195.
  12. Given, L. M. (Ed.). (2008). The Sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods. Sage Publications. Glaser, B.G., & Strauss, A.L. (1967). Discovery of grounded theory. Mill Valley, Ca.: Sociology Press.
  13. Goffman, E. (1981). Forms of talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Gourlay, L. (2012). Cyborg ontologies and the lecturer's voice: A posthuman reading of the "face-to-face." Learning, Media and Technology, 37(2), 198-211.
  14. Guo, P. J., Kim, J., & Rubin, R. (2014). How video production affects student engagement: An empirical study of MOOC videos. In Proceedings of the First ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale Conference (pp. 41-50). New York, NY, USA: ACM. Gu, X., Xu, X., Wang, H., & Crook, C. (in press). Design possibilities for the e- schoolbag: Addressing the 1:1 challenge within China. British Journal of Educational Technology, Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12434. Gysbers, V., Johnston, J., Hancock, D., & Denyer, G. (2011). Why do students still bother coming to lectures, when everything is available online? International Journal of Innovation in Science and Mathematics Education, 19(2), 20-36.
  15. Hare, D. (2005). Obedience, struggle and revolt. Chicago: Macmillan.
  16. Hwang, S., & Roth, W.-M. (2011). The (Embodied) Performance of Physics Concepts in Lectures. Research in Science Education, 41(4), 461-477.
  17. Jewitt, C., Kress, G., Ogborn, J., & Tsatsarelis, C. (2001). Exploring learning through visual, actional and linguistic communication: The multimodal environment of a science classroom. Educational Review, 53(1), 5-18.
  18. Kalyuga, S. (2012). Instructional benefits of spoken words: A review of cognitive load factors. Educational Research Review, 7(2), 145-159.
  19. Kelly, H. F., Ponton, M. K., & Rovai, A. P. (2007). A comparison of student evaluations of teaching between online and face-to-face courses. The Internet and Higher Education, 10(2), 89-101. Kim, Y., & Thayne, J. (2015). Effects of learner-instructor relationship-building strategies in online video instruction. Distance Education, 36(1), 100-114.
  20. King, A. (1993). From sage on the stage to guide on the side. College Teaching, 41(1), 30-35. Kizilcec, R. F., Bailenson, J. N., & Gomez, C. J. (2015). The instructor's face in video instruction: Evidence from two large-scale field studies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 107(3), 724. Kizilcec, R. F., Papadopoulos, K., & L. (2014). Showing face in video instruction: Effects on information retention, visual attention, and affect. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 2095-2102). New York, NY, USA: ACM.
  21. Koen, J., & Durrheim, K. (2009). A naturalistic observational study of informal segregation: Seating patterns in lectures. Environment and Behavior. 42(4), 448-468.
  22. Koller, D. (2011, December 5). Daphne Koller: Technology as a passport to personalized education. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/06/science/daphne-koller-technology-as-a-passport-to- personalized-education.html. Kraemer, D. (1997). Don't lecture me: A case study of performance pedagogy. English Education, 29(3), 173-182.
  23. Kvernbekk, T. (2012). Revisiting dialogues and monologues. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 44(9), 966-978.
  24. Ladyshewsky, R. (2013). Instructor presence in online courses and student satisfaction. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 7(1), 1-23. Lambert, C. (2012, February 6). Twilight of the lecture. Retrieved from http://harvardmagazine.com/2012/03/twilight-of-the-lecture.
  25. Laurillard, D. (2013). Rethinking university teaching: A conversational framework for the effective use of learning technologies. London: Routledge.
  26. Lin, S.-H., & Huang, Y.-C. (2016). Examining charisma in relation to students' interest in learning. Active Learning in Higher Education, 17(2), 139-151.
  27. Lotman, Y. M. (1988). Text within a text. Soviet Psychology, 26(3), 32-51.
  28. McAuley, A.; Stewart, B.; Siemens, G.; Cormier, D. (2010). The MOOC model for digital practice. University of Prince Edward Island. Retrieved from http://www.elearnspace.org/Articles/MOOC_Final.pdf.
  29. Mehrabian, A. (1971). Silent messages. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
  30. O'Neill, D. K., & Sai, T. H. (2014). Why not? Examining college students' reasons for avoiding an online course. Higher Education, 68(1), 1-14.
  31. Ozan, O., & Ozarslan, Y. (2016). Video lecture watching behaviors of learners in online courses. Educational Media International, 53(1), 27-41.
  32. Palinscar, A. S., & Brown, A. L. (1984). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-fostering and comprehension-monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction, 1(2), 117-175. Park, H. S., Lee, S. A., Yun, D., & Kim, W. (2009). The impact of instructor decision authority and verbal and nonverbal immediacy on Korean student satisfaction in the US and South Korea. Communication Education, 58(2), 189-212.
  33. Patrick, C. L. (2011). Student evaluations of teaching: effects of the Big Five personality traits, grades and validity hypothesis. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 36(2), 239-249.
  34. Petrović, J., & Pale, P. (2015). Students' perception of live lectures' inherent disadvantages. Teaching in Higher Education, 20(2), 143-157.
  35. Pi, Z., & Hong, J. (2016). Learning process and learning outcomes of video podcasts including the instructor and PPT slides: a Chinese case. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 53(2), 135-144.
  36. Pi, Z., Hong, J., & Yang, J. (2017). Does instructor's image size in video lectures affect learning outcomes?: Image size. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12183
  37. Power, J. B. (2016). Has this begun to change the way they think? Moving undergraduate learners' level of reflection from where it is to where it needs to be. Teaching in Higher Education, 21(3), 235-248.
  38. Pozzer-Ardenghi, L., & Roth, W. M. (2007). On performing concepts during science lectures. Science Education, 91(1), 96-114.
  39. Pritchard, D. (2010). Where learning starts? A framework for thinking about lectures in university mathematics. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 41(5), 609-623.
  40. Richardson, J. C., Koehler, A. A., Besser, E. D., Caskurlu, S., Lim, J., & Mueller, C. M. (2015). Conceptualizing and investigating instructor presence in online learning environments. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 16(3), 256-297.
  41. Richmond, V. P., Lane, D. R., & McCroskey, J. C. (2006). Teacher immediacy and the teacher-student relationship. In T. P. Mottet, V. P. Richmond, & J. C. McCroskey, Handbook of Instructional Communication: Rhetorical & Relational Perspectives. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Richmond, V. P., & McCroskey, J. C. (2012). Power in the classroom: Communication, control, and concern. London: Routledge.
  42. Rodd, M. (2003). Witness as participation: The Lecture theatre as site for mathematical awe and wonder. For the Learning of Mathematics, 23(1), 15-21.
  43. Ryan, M., & Carmichael, M.-A. (2016). Shaping (reflexive) professional identities across an undergraduate degree programme: a longitudinal case study. Teaching in Higher Education, 21(2), 151-165.
  44. Sawyer, R. K. (2004). Creative teaching: Collaborative discussion as disciplined improvisation. Educational Researcher, 33(2), 12-20.
  45. Theonas, G., Hobbs, D., & Rigas, D. (2008). Employing virtual lecturers' facial expressions in virtual educational environments. International Journal of Virtual Reality, 7(1), 31-44. Thesen, L. (2009). Researching "ideological becoming" in lectures: challenges for knowing differently. Studies in Higher Education, 34(4), 391-402.
  46. Timpson, W. M., & Tobin, D. N. (1982). Teaching as performing: A guide to energizing your public presentation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  47. Tomasello, M. (2009). The cultural origins of human cognition. Cambridge, Ma.: Harvard University Press.
  48. Weber, K. (2004). Traditional instruction in advanced mathematics courses: a case study of one professor's lectures and proofs in an introductory real analysis course. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 23(2), 115-133.
  49. Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.