Visualization for Information Retrieval

References (38)

1. 6 Summary.................................................................................................. 104
2. 3 Similarity measures....................................................................................27 2.3.1 Inner product similarity measure ......................................................28 2.3.2 Dice co-efficient similarity measure.................................................28 2.3.3 The Jaccard co-efficient similarity measure .....................................28 2.3.4 Overlap co-efficient similarity measure............................................29 2.3.5 Cosine similarity measure.................................................................29 2.3.6 Distance similarity measure..............................................................30 2.3.7 Angle-distance integrated similarity measure...................................32 2.3.8 The Pearson r correlation measure....................................................33
3. 4 Information retrieval (evaluation) models .................................................34 2.4.1 Direction-based retrieval (evaluation) model ...................................34 2.4.2 Distance-based retrieval (evaluation) model ....................................35 2.4.3 Ellipse retrieval (evaluation) model..................................................36 2.4.4 Conjunction retrieval (evaluation) model .........................................36 2.4.5 Disjunction evaluation model ...........................................................38 2.4.6 The Cassini oval retrieval (evaluation) model ..................................39
4. 5 Clustering algorithms.................................................................................40 2.5.1 Non-hierarchical clustering algorithm .............................................42 2.5.2 Hierarchical clustering algorithm .....................................................43
5. 6 Evaluation of retrieval results ....................................................................45
6. 7 Summary....................................................................................................46 Chapter 3 Visualization Models for Multiple Reference Points ......................47 3.1 Multiple reference points ...........................................................................48 3.2 Model for fixed multiple reference points .................................................49 3.3 Models for movable multiple reference points ..........................................52
7. 3.1 Description of the original VIBE algorithm .....................................52
8. 3.2 Discussions about the model.............................................................59
9. 4 Model for automatic reference point rotation ............................................66 3.4.1 Definition of the visual space ...........................................................67
10. 4.2 Rotation of a reference point ............................................................69
11. 5 Implication of information retrieval...........................................................70
12. 6 Summary....................................................................................................72 Chapter 4 Euclidean Spatial Characteristic Based Visualization Models .........73
13. 1 Euclidean space and its characteristics ......................................................73 4.2 Introduction to the information retrieval evaluation models......................75
14. 3 The distance-angle-based visualization model...........................................79
15. 3.1 The visual space definition ...............................................................79
16. 3.2 Visualization for information retrieval evaluation models ...............81
17. 4 The angle-angle-based visualization model ...............................................88
18. 4.1 The visual space definition ...............................................................88
19. 4.2 Visualization for information retrieval evaluation models ...............89
20. 5 The distance-distance-based visualization model ......................................97
21. 5.1 The visual space definition ...............................................................97
22. 5.2 Visualization for information retrieval evaluation models ...............99
23. 2.3 Visualization of web traffic information.........................................183 8.2.4 Discussion history visualization .....................................................188
24. 3 Summary..................................................................................................189 Chapter 9 Ambiguity in Information Visualization .......................................191 9.1 Ambiguity and its implication in information visualization ....................192
25. 9.1.1 Reason of ambiguity in information visualization..........................192
26. 9.1.2 Implication of ambiguity for information visualization..................193
27. 2 Ambiguity analysis in information retrieval visualization models ..........194 9.2.1 Ambiguity in the Euclidean spatial characteristic based information models.........................................................................194
28. 2.2 Ambiguity in the multiple reference point based information visualization models .......................................................................202
29. 2.3 Ambiguity in the Pathfinder network .............................................207
30. 2.4 Ambiguity in SOM..........................................................................209
31. 2.5 Ambiguity in MDS..........................................................................210
32. 3 Summary..................................................................................................211 Chapter 10 The Implication of Metaphors in Information Visualization........215 10.1 Definition, basic elements, and characteristics of a metaphor ...............215 10.2 Cognitive foundation of metaphors........................................................218 10.3 Mental models, metaphors, and human computer interaction................219 10.3.1 Metaphors in human computer interaction..................................219 10.3.2 Mental models.............................................................................220 10.3.3 Mental models in HCI.................................................................220
33. 4 Metaphors in information visualization retrieval ...................................223 10.4.1 Rationales for using metaphors...................................................223 10.4.2 Metaphorical information retrieval visualization environments ..............................................................................225
34. 5 Procedures and principles for metaphor application ..............................231 10.5.1 Procedure for metaphor application ............................................231 10.5.2 Guides for designing a good metaphorical visual information retrieval environment..................................................................232
35. 6 Summary................................................................................................236 Chapter 11 Benchmarks and Evaluation Criteria for Information Retrieval Visualization......................................................................................239 11.1 Information retrieval visualization evaluation .......................................239 11.2 Benchmarks and evaluation standards ...................................................243 11.2.1 Factors affecting evaluation standards ........................................243 11.2.2 Principles for developing evaluation benchmarks.......................244 11.2.3 Four proposed categories for evaluation criteria.........................244 11.2.4 Descriptions of proposed benchmarks ........................................246
36. 3 Summary................................................................................................253 Contents XVII Chapter 12 Afterthoughts................................................................................. 255 12.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 255 12.2 Comparisons of the introduced visualization models ............................ 257 12.3 Issues and challenges............................................................................. 260 12.4 Summary................................................................................................ 268
37. Bibliography ...................................................................................................... 269
38. Index ................................................................................................................... 287