Demand Constructs for Risk Analysis

2001

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Procedia Engineering, 2014

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With oil and gas reserves moving into deeper waters, Floating Production Units (FPUs) have been widely used for production purposes. Selection of a FPU for deepwater field development is mainly governed by factors such as water depth, location of field, environmental conditions, deck space requirements, storage requirements and offloading requirements etc. Amongst all the available FPU alternatives, ship shaped FPSO has dominated the concept selection and is generally used in marginal and remote fields lacking pipeline infrastructure. Selecting riser concept for FPSO stationed in deepwater has posed challenges due to high hydrostatic pressure and large vessel payload. The most common riser concepts for the aforementioned are free hanging flexible riser, Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) and Hybrid Riser Tower (HRT). The condition is worsened if besides deepwater, FPSO is also stationed in harsh environmental conditions. This is due to large offsets and dynamics of FPSO which are directly transferred to the riser's base. To cope up with this situation offshore industry has focused on concepts like Steel Lazy Wave Riser (SLWR), Single Hybrid Riser (SHR) and Buoyancy Supported Riser (BSR).

1998

© ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels • Luxembourg, 1998 ISBN The views expressed in this study do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission (EC).

Lambert Academic Publishing, 2020

Increasing population and migration of people to cities around the globe causes improper urbanization issues, because of this urban infrastructure is densely preoccupied. At the same time, anthropogenic activity of human in cities disturbs the water cycle, resulting urban heat island effect. All these leads to the inception of urban flooding situations in a localized area. Urban areas are the major hotspots for the origination of floods. Occupying the surfaces with various impervious surface features there is an opportunity of changeover of rainfall to runoff which results in flooding. Variations of atmospheric changes is also a crucial factor for precipitation events in unusual times that outcomes in rising flood peaks. Volume of runoff from the investigation area is assessed by adopting Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The major purpose of utilizing SWMM is to monitor the quality along with quantity of overflow originating from the sub catchments. This study is to illustrate the flooding situations for the urban area for historical utmost intense precipitation event as well as future intense rainfall situations. Flooding conditions of future is assessed by using RCP 4.5 NOAA- GFDL-ESM2M climate model downscaled data. Infiltration and Flow routing are the two essential aspects of SWMM. Modified Green-Ampt method is used for the infiltration while Dynamic Wave method is chosen for Flow Routing. SWMM outcomes are demonstrated in the form of graphs, tables which helps in understanding the overflow section and nodes.

Procedia Engineering, 2014

Conference Proceedings of Sustainable Building 2013-2014 series

"There is major demographic shift occurring globally, for the first time in human history more people live in cities than do in a rural environment. It is estimated that today approximately 50 % of the world’s population lives in an urban environment and this is estimated to grow to up to 70 % by 2050.Tropical areas are increasingly critical region in world map, home to more than 40 percent of the world’s population and generating about 20 percent of global economic output. Traditional approaches of reducing carbon foot-print of cities include (i) alternative sources of energy, such as solar, (ii) environment friendly living such as recycling, and development of energy efficient equipment and buildings. An integrated approach of managing energy consumption and related sustainable activities within a city with the help of Information & Communications Technologies (ICT) can enable capture of energy and sustainability data at the finest granularity level. This data can be used to develop analytics and to manage the overall sustainable behavior of city. This paper describes an integrated framework for managing various aspects of cities that would balance / optimize the various complex and conflicting priorities such as safety, security, efficient city services, education, and health care with the objective of reducing overall energy consumption. Information is power. Such information would also enable people and managers of the city to benchmark with other equivalent areas, adopt best practices and develop best of breed sustainable policies. This paper will examine the role of ICT in a smart eco-city and propose a robust and methodologically sound approach for a sustainable energy efficient eco-city which will tie together the end-user (citizen) experience across the multiple dimensions ranging from healthcare, living, workplace, shopping, education, transport and government above with the internet and its technology backbone infrastructure. "