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Proteomic analysis of seed dormancy in Arabidopsis

Profile image of Dominique JobDominique JobProfile image of kamel chibanikamel chibani

2006, Proteomic Analysis of Seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis

https://doi.org/10.1104/PP.106.087452
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Abstract

The mechanisms controlling seed dormancy in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have been characterized by proteomics using the dormant (D) accession Cvi originating from the Cape Verde Islands. Comparative studies carried out with freshly harvested dormant and after-ripened non-dormant (ND) seeds revealed a specific differential accumulation of 32 proteins. The data suggested that proteins associated with metabolic functions potentially involved in germination can accumulate duringafter-ripening in the dry state leading to dormancy release. Exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA) to ND seeds strongly impeded their germination, which physiologically mimicked the behavior of D imbibed seeds. This application resulted in an alteration of the accumulation pattern of 71 proteins. There was a strong down-accumulation of a major part (90%) of these proteins, which were involved mainly in energetic and protein metabolisms. This feature suggested that exogenous ABA triggers proteolytic mechanisms in imbibed seeds. An analysis of de novo protein synthesis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in the presence of [35S]-methionine disclosed that exogenous ABA does not impede protein biosynthesis during imbibition. Furthermore, imbibed D seeds proved competent for de novo protein synthesis, demonstrating that impediment of protein translation was not the cause of the observed block of seed germination. However, the two-dimensional protein profiles were markedly different from those obtained with the ND seeds imbibed in ABA. Altogether, the data showed that the mechanisms blocking germination of the ND seeds by ABA application are different from those preventing germination of the D seeds imbibed in basal medium.

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Khaoula MOKRANI

International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch, 2022

The seed is an important stage in the life cycle of higher plants, thus ensuring its survival. It is the plant's dispersal unit, which is able to survive the period between seed maturation and the establishment of the next generation as a seedling after germination. For this survival, the seed is mainly in a dry state, and well equipped to withstand long periods of adverse conditions. To optimize germination, the seed goes into a dormant state. Dormancy prevents germination before harvest. This seed dormancy allows the seeds to overcome unfavorable periods for seedlings. Several processes are known to be involved in the induction of dormancy and in the transition from dormant to germinal state. Many studies have been done to better understand how germination is controlled by various endogenous and exogenous factors. Thus, the biochemical and physiological factors linked to dormancy and the germination process as well as the role of phytohormones and genes involved in different tissues are described and discussed in this article.

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Updated role of ABA in seed maturation, dormancy, and germination
Dr. Faiza Ali, Zhi Wang

Journal of Advanced Research, 2021

Background: Seed is vital for plant survival and dispersion, however, its development and germination are influenced by various internal and external factors. Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the most important phytohormones that influence seed development and germination. Until now, impressive progresses in ABA metabolism and signaling pathways during seed development and germination have been achieved. At the molecular level, ABA biosynthesis, degradation, and signaling genes were identified to play important roles in seed development and germination. Additionally, the crosstalk between ABA and other hormones such as gibberellins (GA), ethylene (ET), Brassinolide (BR), and auxin also play critical roles. Although these studies explored some actions and mechanisms by which ABA-related factors regulate seed morphogenesis, dormancy, and germination, the complete network of ABA in seed traits is still unclear. Aim of review: Presently, seed faces challenges in survival and viability. Due to the vital positive roles in dormancy induction and maintenance, as well as a vibrant negative role in the seed germination of ABA, there is a need to understand the mechanisms of various ABA regulators that are involved in seed dormancy and germination with the updated knowledge and draw a better network for the underlying mechanisms of the ABA, which would advance the understanding and artificial modification of the seed vigor and longevity regulation. Key scientific concept of review: Here, we review functions and mechanisms of ABA in different seed development stages and seed germination, discuss the current progresses especially on the crosstalk between ABA and other hormones and signaling molecules, address novel points and key challenges (e.g., exploring more regulators, more cofactors involved in the crosstalk between ABA and other phytohormones, and visualization of active ABA in the plant), and outline future perspectives for ABA regulating seed associated traits.

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Proteomics of Arabidopsis seed germination : a comparative study of wild-type and gibberellin-deficient seeds
Steven P.C. Groot, Dominique Job, Hans Demol

Proteomics of Arabidopsis Seed Germination. A Comparative Study of Wild-Type and Gibberellin-Deficient Seeds, 2002

We examined the role of gibberellins (GAs) in germination of Arabidopsis seeds by a proteomic approach. For that purpose, we used two systems. The first system consisted of seeds of the GA-deficient ga1 mutant, and the second corresponded to wild-type seeds incubated in paclobutrazol, a specific GA biosynthesis inhibitor. With both systems, radicle protrusion was strictly dependent on exogenous GAs. The proteomic analysis indicated that GAs do not participate in many processes involved in germination sensu stricto (prior to radicle protrusion), as, for example, the initial mobilization of seed protein and lipid reserves. Out of 46 protein changes detected during germination sensu stricto (1 d of incubation on water), only one, corresponding to the cytoskeleton component -2,4 tubulin, appeared to depend on the action of GAs. An increase in this protein spot was noted for the wild-type seeds but not for the ga1 seeds incubated for 1 d on water. In contrast, GAs appeared to be involved, directly or indirectly, in controlling the abundance of several proteins associated with radicle protrusion. This is the case for two isoforms of S-adenosyl-methionine (Ado-Met) synthetase, which catalyzes the formation of Ado-Met from Met and ATP. Owing to the housekeeping functions of Ado-Met, this event is presumably required for germination and seedling establishment, and might represent a major metabolic control of seedling establishment. GAs can also play a role in controlling the abundance of a -glucosidase, which might be involved in the embryo cell wall loosening needed for cell elongation and radicle extension.

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Seed Germination-Early Events, Regulatory Interactions and Mechanisms
Vijay Paul

Germination commences with the imbibition and causes temporary structural perturbations. Different tissues and organs within the seed hydrate to different extents leading to non-homogeneous water distribution in the phases II and III of germination. Rapid increase in respiration is one of the important changes due to the resumption of the glycolytic and oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and activation of enzymes of Krebs cycle. Repair and activation of preexisting organelles and macromolecules predominate during initial stages of germination. DNA ligase and DNA polymerase play crucial role in repair of DNA, which is followed by synthetic activity of DNA. These two important activities are necessary to reinstate the functional integrity of the genome. Cell cycle is also initiated early, even before the radicle elongation. Cell division take place but it may not be essential for the germination to complete. RNA and protein synthesis start during early hours of imbibition and even long before the start of DNA synthesis. The demands for several metabolites, mRNAs and enzymes are initially met by the preexisting molecules in the mature seeds, stored mRNAs and by activation of enzymes respectively. Subsequently, newly synthesized mRNA templates lead to changes in the pattern of protein synthesis and profile of metabolites. Post-genomic approaches suggest that RNA translation or post-translation are the major levels of control for germination. The final outcome of many studies has indicated it very strongly that preparation for seed germination stats during seed maturation itself. Hormones are one of the most important endogenous regulators and interactions of abscisic acid, gibberellins, ethylene and brassinosteroids influence germination and dormancy. Other regulators include sugars and reactive oxygen species. Studies on molecular aspects found no ‘switch’ like function for germination till now. However, an insight into the recently proposed global mechanisms of seed germination sensu stricto (based on structural, physiological and gene expression in embryo and non-embryo parts of seed) has been made. Key words: Changes during germination, dormancy release, hormone, imbibition, protein carbonylation, reactive oxygen species, respiration, sugars

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Seed Physiology
SANJOY KUMAR BORDOLUI

Narendra Publication House, 2024

Seed physiology is the study ol lunclions and processes involved in the seed development, in permination and its control, and in the utilization of secd reserve during the carly stages of seed germinationand secdling growth. Sceds have always caught the atlention of both plant physiologists and agriculturists. Plant physiologists have bcen interested by the multiplicity of processes that take place in such a small organ (i.e., desiccation tolerance, reserve deposition and utilization, dormancy. and germination); agriculturists, in turn, have been well aware from the beginning that the cstablishment of the "next crop and the quality of their end product depend largely on *seed performance." In rccent decades a considerable progress has been made in the field of seed physiology. The advancement made in some topics of this discipline is now suficient to suggest approaches toward solving practical problems. On the other hand, attemptsto solve these problems often raise issues or suggest approaches to more fundamental problems. This book is a collection of chapters dealing with different aspects of seed physiology, each one having strong implications in crop management and utilization. The book has been divided in fefteen chapters. Each chapter covers a basic level (physiological, biochemical, and molecular level). but depicting the way in which that basic knowledge can be used for the development of tools leading to increase crop yield. In a chapter of this book, the physics of the seed environment, together with seed behavior in the soil in relation to seedbed preparation are described. The rest of the section is devoted to discussing seed responses to temperature and water availability, crop emergence, breeding for germination at low temperatures and water availability, and suggesting techniques for improving crop germination performance in the field. Seed development is related with the synthesis and storage of protein, carbohydrates and oil to supply nutrients to the geminating seedling prior to soil emergence. The progress of seed development occurs in several stages and they are rapid cell division, seed formation and desiccation. Seed development plays a vital role in the reproduction and in determining the economic value ofdifferent crops. The most adequate harvesting movement in terms of maximum accumulation of biological substances and nutrients, and seed vigour, which were coincide with physiological maturity and further dehydration or desiccation to reach the appropriate harvesting time. It is necessary to realize the genetic, biochemical and physiological mechanism favoring a higher rate of incorporation of the main reserve components in the seeds such as protein, carbohydrate, lipids, minerals, growth hormones, secondary metabolites and other nutritional factors. A better understanding of phloem discharge may lead to the optimization compound synthesis in seeds as well as the study of metabolic pathways especially on the key enzymatic steps, can potentially lead to a better control of amounts or types of substances stored in the seed. So, by blending all these factors of seed physiology a successful way is developed for the benefits of teachers, researchers, students and farmers who are involved in the field of Seed Science and Technology.

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Related topics

  • Plant Proteomics
  • Seed Dormancy and Germination

    • Cited by

    Effects of Previous Crop Management, Fertilization Regime and Water Supply on Potato Tuber Proteome and Yield
    Catherine Tétard-Jones

    There is increasing concern about the sustainability and environmental impacts of mineral fertilizer use in agriculture. Increased recycling of nutrients via the use of animal and green manures and fertilizers made from domestic organic waste may reduce reliance on mineral fertilizers. However, the relative availability of nutrients (especially nitrogen) is lower in organic compared to mineral fertilizers, which can result in significantly lower yields in nutrient demanding crops such as potato. It is therefore important to gain a better understanding of the factors affecting nutrient use efficiency (yield per unit fertilizer input) from organic fertilizers. Here we show that (a) previous crop management (organic vs. conventional fertilization and crop protection regimes), (b) organic fertilizer type and rate (composted cattle manure vs. composted chicken manure pellets) and (c) watering regimes (optimized and restricted) significantly affected leaf chlorophyll content, potato tuber N-concentration, proteome and yield. Protein inference by gel matching indicated several functional groups significantly affected by previous crop management and organic fertilizer type and rate, including stress/defense response, glycolysis and protein destination and storage. These results indicate genomic pathways controlling crop responses (nutrient use efficiency and yield) according to contrasting types OPEN ACCESS Agronomy 2013, 3 60 and rates of organic fertilizers that can be linked to the respective encoding genes.

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    Proteomic insights into seed germination in response to environmental factors
    Tai Wang

    PROTEOMICS, 2013

    Seed germination is a critical process in the life cycle of higher plants. During germination, the imbibed mature seed is highly sensitive to different environmental factors. However, knowledge about the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying the environmental effects on germination has been lacking. Recent proteomic work has provided invaluable insight into the molecular processes in germinating seeds of Arabidopsis, rice (Oryza sativa), soybean (Glycine max), barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zea mays), tea (Camellia sinensis), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), and Norway maple (Acer platanoides) under different treatments including metal ions (e.g. copper and cadmium), drought, low temperature, hormones, and chemicals (gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and ␣-amanitin), as well as Fusarium graminearum infection. A total of 561 environmental factor-responsive proteins have been identified with various expression patterns in germinating seeds. The data highlight diverse regulatory and metabolic mechanisms upon seed germination, including induction of environmental factor-responsive signaling pathways, seed storage reserve mobilization and utilization, enhancement of DNA repair and modification, regulation of gene expression and protein synthesis, modulation of cell structure, and cell defense. In this review, we summarize the interesting findings and discuss the relevance and significance for our understanding of environmental regulation of seed germination.

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    Proteomics reveal tissue-specific features of the cress ( Lepidium sativum L.) endosperm cap proteome and its hormone-induced changes during seed germination
    Dominique Job

    Proteomics reveal tissue-specific features of the cress (Lepidium sativum L.) endosperm cap proteome and its hormone-induced changes during seed germination, 2010

    Mature angiosperm seeds consist of an embryo surrounded by the endosperm and the testa. The endosperm cap that covers the radicle plays a regulatory role during germination and is a major target of abscisic acid-induced inhibition of germination. Cress (Lepidium sativum) is a close relative of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). Cress seeds offer the unique possibility of performing tissue-specific proteomics due to their larger size while benefiting the genomic tools available for Arabidopsis. This work provides the first description of endosperm cap proteomics during seed germination. An analysis of the proteome of the cress endosperm cap at key stages during germination and after radicle protrusion in the presence and absence of abscisic acid led to the identification of 144 proteins, which were clustered by the changes in their abundances and categorized by function. Proteins with a function in energy production, protein stability and stress response were overrepresented among the identified endosperm cap proteins. This strongly suggests that the cress endosperm cap is not a storage tissue as the cereal endosperm but a metabolically very active tissue regulating the rate of radicle protrusion.

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    ROS signaling in seed dormancy alleviation
    Dominique Job

    ROS Signaling in Seed Dormancy Alleviation, 2007

    Reactive oxygen species have been suggested to play a signaling role in seed dormancy alleviation. When sunflower seeds become able to fully germinate during dry after-ripening, they accumulate high amount of hydrogen peroxide and exhibit a low detoxifying ability through catalase, resulting from the decrease in CATA1 transcript. ROS accumulation entails oxidative modification of soluble and storage proteins through carbonylation, which suggests that this process might play an important role in plant developmental processes. However other oxidative signaling pathways cannot be excluded. For example, a cDNA-AFLP study shows that seed after-ripening is also associated with changes in gene expression and that changes in ROS content during seed imbibition are also related to changes in expression pattern.

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    Plant natriuretic peptides induce proteins diagnostic for an adaptive response to stress
    Claudius Marondedze

    Frontiers in Plant Science, 2014

    In plants, structural and physiological evidence has suggested the presence of biologically active natriuretic peptides (PNPs). PNPs are secreted into the apoplast, are systemically mobile and elicit a range of responses signaling via cGMP. The PNP-dependent responses include tissue specific modifications of cation transport and changes in stomatal conductance and the photosynthetic rate. PNP also has a critical role in host defense responses. Surprisingly, PNP-homologs are produced by several plant pathogens during host colonization suppressing host defense responses. Here we show that a synthetic peptide representing the biologically active fragment of the Arabidopsis thaliana PNP (AtPNP-A) induces the production of reactive oxygen species in suspension-cultured A. thaliana (Col-0) cells. To identify proteins whose expression changes in an AtPNP-A dependent manner, we undertook a quantitative proteomic approach, employing tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling, to reveal temporal responses of suspension-cultured cells to 1 nM and 10 pM PNP at two different time-points post-treatment. Both concentrations yield a distinct differential proteome signature. Since only the higher (1 nM) concentration induces a ROS response, we conclude that the proteome response at the lower concentration reflects a ROS independent response. Furthermore, treatment with 1 nM PNP results in an over-representation of the gene ontology (GO) terms "oxidation-reduction process," "translation" and "response to salt stress" and this is consistent with a role of AtPNP-A in the adaptation to environmental stress conditions.

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