Understanding Peer-to-Peer Technology

P2P (peer-to-peer) systems gain more interest from both the user and research communities, building a search system on top of P2P networks is becoming an attractive and promising alternative. The paper introduces the concept of P2P network architecture and structure of current P2P systems. The background, scope, objectives, and methodology adopted for carrying out the research work is also presented in this paper. This paper also evaluates the extensive research done in the field of p2p networks. A survey is very important part of every research. So here this paper shows the application based survey on peer to peer systems.

2002

Legal Notices The information in this document is subject to change without notice. ELTRUN makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this document, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for its particular purpose. ELTRUN shall not be held liable for errors contained herein or direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. In the recent years, the evolution of a new wave of innovative network architectures labeled " peer-to-peer (p2p) " has been witnessed. Such architectures and systems are characterized by direct access between peer computers, rather than through a centralized server. The recently formed Peer-to-Peer Working Group, a consortium including industry leaders aiming at the advancement of infrastructures and best-known practices for peer-to-peer computing, defines p2p as the " sharing of computer resources by direct exch...

Peer-to-peer is a technology concept applied at different levels of the systems architecture. Its main characteristics are direct interaction and data exchange between peer systems. It is the basis for decentralized distributed computing. The concept is widely deployed in different contexts and no formal definition exists. This paper gives an overview of the different areas peer-to-peer technology is used and introduces the main characteristics of peer-to-peer systems. It also discusses the issues and problems encountered when deploying peer-to-peer technology.

International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, 2023

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networking has emerged as a promising technology that enables distributed systems to operate in a decentralized manner. P2P networks are based on a model where each node in the network can act as both a client and a server, thereby enabling data and resource sharing without relying on centralized servers. The P2P model has gained considerable attention in recent years due to its potential to provide a scalable, fault-tolerant, and resilient architecture for various applications such as file sharing, content distribution, and social networks. In recent years, researchers have also proposed hybrid architectures that combine the benefits of both structured and unstructured P2P networks. For example, the Distributed Hash Table (DHT) is a popular hybrid architecture that provides efficient lookup and search algorithms while maintaining the flexibility and adaptability of the unstructured network. To demonstrate the feasibility of P2P systems, several prototypes have been developed, such as the BitTorrent file-sharing protocol and the Skype voice-over-IP (VoIP) service. These prototypes have demonstrated the potential of P2P systems for large-scale applications and have paved the way for the development of new P2P-based systems.

International Journal of Peer to Peer Networks, 2017

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networking emerged as a disruptive business model displacing the server based networks within a point in time.P2P technologies are on the edge of becoming all-purpose in developing several applications for social networking. In the past seventeen years, research on P2P computing and systems has received enormous amount of attention in the areas of academia and the industry. P2P rose to triumphant profit-making systems in the internet. It represents the best incarnation of the end to end argument, the frequently disputed design philosophies that guided the design of the internet. The doubting factor then is why is research on P2P computing now fading from the spotlight and suffering a nose dive fall as dramatic as its rise to its popularity. This paper is going to capture a quick look at past results in peer-to-peer computing with focus on understanding what led to its rise, what contributed to its commercial success and what has led to its lack of interest. The insight of this paper introduces cloud computing as a paradigm to peer-to-peer computing.

Peer-to-Peer Computing, 2001. Proceedings. …, 2001

Mahmoud/Middleware for Communications, 2005

Peer-to-Peer networking has a great potential to make a vast amount of resources accessible [19]. Several years ago, file sharing applications like Napster [15] and Gnutella [8] impressively demonstrated the possibilities for the first time. Because of their success, Peerto-Peer mistakenly became synonymous for file sharing. However, the fundamental Peer-to-Peer concept is general and not limited to a specific application type. Thus, a broader field of applications can benefit from using Peer-to-Peer technology. Content delivery [11], media streaming [22], games [14], and collaboration tools [9] are examples of applications fields that use Peer-to-Peer networks today. Although Peer-to-Peer networking is still an emerging area, some Peer-to-Peer concepts are already applied successfully in different contexts. Good examples are Internet routers, which deliver IP packages along paths that are considered efficient. Theses routers form a decentralized, hierarchical network. They consider each others as peers, which collaborate in the routing process and in updating each other. Unlike centralized networks, they can compensate node failures and remain functional as a network. Another example of decentralized systems with analogies to Peer-to-Peer networks is the Usenet [31]. Considering those examples, many Peer-to-Peer concepts are nothing new. However, Peerto-Peer takes these concepts from the network to the application layer, where software defines purpose and algorithms of virtual (non-physical) Peer-to-Peer networks. Widely used Web-based services such as Google, Yahoo, Amazon, and eBay can handle a large number of users while maintaining a good degree of failure tolerance. These centralized systems offer a higher level of control, are easier to develop, and perform more predictable than decentralized systems. Thus, a pure Peer-to-Peer system would an inappropriate choice for applications demanding a certain degree of control, for example "who may access what". Although Peer-to-Peer systems cannot replace centralized system, there are areas where they can complement them. For example, Peer-to-Peer systems encourage direct collaboration of users. If a centralized system in between is not required, this approach can be more efficient because the communication path is shorter. In addition, a Peer-to-Peer (sub-) system does not require additional server logic and is more resistant to server failures. For similar reasons, because they take workload and traffic off from servers to peers, Peer-to-Peer could reduce the required infrastructure of centralized systems. In this way, Peer-to-Peer networks could cut acquisition and running costs for server hardware. This becomes increasingly relevant when one considers the growing number of end users with powerful computers connected by high bandwidth links.

2005

Research in overlay and P2P networking has been tightly focused on fundamentals in the last few years, leading to developments on a range of important issues. The time has come to integrate these insights into existing and new systems. We see this as a vital part of the effort to influence the development of Internet services and arrive at a generalized architecture within which to design and construct overlay and P2P systems. This paper analyzes deployed P2P systems in the public and research arenas providing a taxonomy of issues and research. The paper then discusses the roles of overlays, P2P applications and network infrastructure and argues for a multi-dimensional view of systems development to describe the inter-relationships between these components. The parametric space in which one defines the role of a P2P application depends on the level of complexity we expect in that application, in comparison to the richness of the services provided by overlays and the network core.

IPDPS 2009 - Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, 2009

Are P2P systems and applications here to stay? Or are they a bright meteor whose destiny is to disappear soon? In this paper we try to give a positive answer to the first question, highlighting reasons why the P2P paradigm should become an integral part of computing and communication services and not only oddities for Cyber-geeks.

In this chapter, we discuss P2P systems that have been deployed in file sharing and real-time media streaming. We discuss the limitations of the implementations for existing P2P-based file sharing and media streaming applications in detail. More advanced resource reciprocation strategies, where peers make foresighted decisions on their resource distribution in a way that maximizes their cumulative utilities are discussed.