Reduplication System of Tamiang Language

According to Kontjaraningrat (1986:8), language is an integral part of the culture. The use of language as a communication tool aiming to let in the submission of the idea can be carried out efficiently and effectively. Language is used not only in the oral form in communications but can be obtained through writing either from an article, discourse, novel, poetry and so on, as well as the use of language also varied from the use of the language of formal and non-formal. Each language actually have in common in terms of the grammar of sound, the shape, the meaning of the words, but because of a variety of factors contained in the user community, such as education, religion, areas of activity, profession, as well as the cultural background of the region, so that language becomes a not uniformly true. Every language around the world is diverse (Chaer, 2006:3). Article is a scientific works produced by a person for the publication in the mass media or electronic. It contains the results of a form of creative ideas about certain topic using the value approach and artistic cultural norms or art that dominated the speech writer. A Moskow travel article is one of article collection of Colours, Garuda Indonesia Inflight Magazine which can be accessed on colours-indonesia.com. This article was written by Brian Johnston as a reference of travel places for flights from Jakarta to Moscow via Abu Dhabi. In addition, this article includes reduplication as word formation of morphology discussion. Thus, the morphology analysis can be not only found in comparing such language, but also other media like an article. Ramlan (1978:19) argues that morphology discusses about the in and out form of words, as well as the function of changes form of that words, either grammatical or semantic function. Word changes of each language around the words definitely undergone development. In Indonesian language, the development of language is influenced by many factors, including the absorption of foreign language, either in words or in the form of the structure of the shaper and the development of structures that form with regard to the use of language, for instance reduplication. The study of Indonesian linguistic commonly uses a number of reduplication terms that comes from Javanese and Sundanese language, such as dwilingga (the reduplication of basic morpheme e.g. buku-buku), dwilingga salin suara (the reduplication of basic morpheme with the changes of vocal and other phonemes e.g. bolak-balik), dwipurwa (the reduplication of first syllable e.g. lelaki, pepatah, peparu) and trilingga (the twice reduplication of basic morphemes e.g. dag-dig-dug, cas cis cus, ngak ngik nguk). It concludes that the form of reduplication in Indonesian language occurs at both the level of phonological, morphological, and syntactic. Reduplication is often used by the public. However, they do not know the concept of repetition they use. Even the use of reduplication in the language of Indonesia is still experiencing errors and does not fit with the way the repetitions contained in studies of English morphology. From that, we are interested of discussing reduplication analysis of Indonesian language on Colours Magazine. The discussion focuses on reduplication in Indonesian language and the form and meaning of words in this article.

2019

This paper describes preliminarily the compounding formation of Tamiang language. This paper is limited to the description of Tamiang Hulu Dialect (THD). The data used in this research are analyzed by using the structural model of IC analysis proposed by Carl James. This research has been limited to a synchronic study of language due to the time constraint, cost, and data availability. Furthermore, the researcher followed the Item and Arrangement (IA) process due to its strength and process. IA is a morpheme-based approach of word formation. IA also applies the IC analysis for the complex form of word. Besides, IA focuses on the process rather than the product. This research followed Qualitative method. The findings shows that THD has endocentric, exocentric, copulative, and “special” semantic types of compounding. THD has noun compounding with noun, verb, adjective, adverb, and preposition as non-heads. Then verb compounding occurred with verb also as a non-head. THD has bot...

Linguistik Indonesia, 2016

This paper aims to briefly describe the grammar of Atadei, or more precisely Eastern Atadei, an under-described Flores-Lembata language spoken by about 8,000 people in Atadei District of Lembata, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Atadei is an agglutinative language with fusional elements and SVO word order. Adjectives follow the noun they modify and are inflected in attributive position, but are not inflected when used as a predicative. Atadei verbs may agree with the subject, depending on the verb class. This is similar to Lamaholot, but the verb classes in these two languages are different. Some verbs exhibit inflection for all persons, while others do not inflect at all. Pronouns follow a complex system in Atadei, depending on their syntactic function. It is noteworthy that the Alor-Pantar languages of the neighboring islands Alor and Pantar do not belong to the Austronesian language family, and may have contributed to a Papuan substratum in Atadei, such as inalienable possession and clause-final negation. _________ Abstrak Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan secara ringkas tata bahasa Atadei, atau lebih tepatnya bahasa Atadei Timur, yang sejauh ini belum dideskripsikan secara rinci. Bahasa Atadei termasuk rumpun Bahasa Flores-Lembata dan dituturkan oleh sekitar 8.000 orang di Kecamatan Atadei di Pulau Lembata, NTT, Indonesia. Secara gramatikal, bahasa Atadei adalah sebuah bahasa aglutinatif dengan elemen-elemen fusional dan berurutan subjek-predikat-objek (SPO). Kata sifat mengikuti kata nama yang dipaparkannya dan dikenakan deklinasi jika digunakan dalam posisi atributif, tetapi tidak dikenakan deklinasi jika digunakan dalam posisi predikatif. Dalam bahasa Atadei dapat ditemukan kesesuaian reguler antara verba dan subjek, tergantung pada jenis verba. Pola ini mirip dengan bahasa Lamaholot tetapi jenis verbanya berbeda-beda antara kedua bahasa itu. Berbagai verba Atadei mempunyai konjugasi bagi semua pronomina sedangkan verba lainnya tidak dikonjugasikan sama sekali. Sistem pronomina dalam bahasa Atadei cukup majemuk karena tergantung pada fungsi sintaktisnya. Patut diperhatikan pula bahwa kelompok bahasa Alor-Pantar yang dituturkan di pulau-pulau bersebelahan itu tidak termasuk rumpun bahasa Austronesia dan barangkali memberikan sumbangan substrat Papua terhadap bahasa Atadei, misalnya pronomina pemilik untuk benda-benda yang tak terasingkan (yaitu inalienable) dan negasi pada akhir klausa (Klamer et al., 2008, hlm. 136).

Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal , 2023

This qualitative study employing comparative analysis method uncovered the similarities and differences of Tagalog, Bahasa Indonesia, and Bahasa Melayu languages in terms of orthographic, phonological and semantic features. The words in Tagalog, Bahasa Indonesia, and Bahasa Melayu languages were used in this study. The findings revealed that Tagalog orthography is a bit complex to understand for it contains more elements than the others. It possesses extra letters that are not present in the other two languages. Further, in terms of phonological features, the Bahasa Indonesia and Bahasa Melayu languages have an additional /ə/ sound, one will really notice how Tagalog pronunciation is different from the other two languages. This is why when they speak, there is a distinct difference in the stressing of the words because /ə/ are not stressed and are unaspirated. In addition, in terms of semantic features, affixation and reduplication play important roles. While all the three languages make use of prefixes, suffixes and circumfixes, they vary in the morphemes that they use. These morphemes can change the lexical category of the words and are subject to a set of rules unique to each language.

Indonesian Journal of Geography

The purpose of this study is to map the vulnerable Javanese language in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, namely in the City of Yogyakarta and in the regencies of Sleman, Gunungkidul, Kulon Progo, and Bantul. Furthermore, it seeks to understand the role of different agents in preserving the Javanese language in those areas. Due to the dominating use of Indonesian language, the Javanese language has decreased in usage in various modes of communication in schools especially Jawa krama (medium-register variety). Making this language vulnerability mapping is important to locate in the context of the region, the language vulnerability that occurs more than other regions. This mapping can be used by the policy makers to strengthen the Javanese language used in the regions. A geographic information system was used to map the language's vulnerability in this region. The findings of this research are, first, there is an even distribution of the level of language vulnerability throughout ...

A study about reduplication in both Madurese and Indonesian is not taboo thing for academicians and scholars due to the large number of researches in this focus. Sanches and Steven (1992), for example, explore the complex interaction between stress, affixes, and reduplication like a word "pukul-memukuli". It is found that morphologically complex word may contain more than one phonological word, but also than one clitic group. A part from that, Ermanto (2008) analyzes the hierarchical structure of Indonesian verb reduplication. He reveals that Indonesian verb reduplication has four hierarchical patterns which includes (D + derivational reduplication) + (inflectional affix (voice), D + (reduplication + affix (derivation process)), D + derivation reduplication, and (D + derivational reduplication) + inflectional affix.

Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa dan Sastra, 2016

Linguistic analysis is an analysis of language study which include language form, language meaning, and language in context. Study of linguistic can learn the kind of approaches in language. For example, grammar, language and culture, like the study of cultural discourses and dialects is the domain of sociolinguistics, which looks at the relation between linguistic variation and social structures. Language is one of human characteristics because people living with language. Indonesia is well known of one thousand islands country and as 1000 languages country. So, in Indonesia, there are many vernaculars from each ethnicity in every region of Indonesia. Javanese language has the most speakers of the existing another language speakers. As a language that has a lot of speakers, Javanese language has a lot of kinds or dialect forms as a result of the space and time process. One of the examples is Selogudig-an language which is found in Probolinggo district, especially in Selogudig village, Pajarakan sub-district, Probolinggo district. From the linguistic aspects, Selogudig-an language is a dialect of the Javanese language. To analyze this research, the researcher used descriptive qualitative research design. It is intended to describe about how Javanese language Selogudig-an dialect is formed, the phonological, lexical and accent differences of Javanese language Selogudig-an dialect.

2017

Languages combine form and meaning in order to express an infinite number of ideas. Modern linguistics has developed sophisticated methods to probe the formal structure of languages from phonetics to syntax, but the study of meaning remains relatively unexplored. The lack of sophisticated methods to document the semantic structure of languages remains a significant problem for work with endangered languages. Research in semantics is limited by semantic theories that can be traced back to Plato and Aristotle. These theories assume that languages use a universal set of semantic elements to construct meaning. The classical theories cannot account for semantic change and an explanation of metaphor is completely beyond the scope of such theories. In this paper I propose a theory of semantics that puts metaphor at the center of semantics. Rather than create an artificial dichotomy between figurative and non-figurative language, the metaphorical approach to semantics assumes that all langu...

This mini-research is conducted to analyze the differentiation of the variety of language in East Java and Central Java. The team research emphasize on the difference of accent and dialect that was owned by speaker of each region. Where accent refers to the sound a speaker makes, and ‘dialect’ covers the word choices, syntactic ordering and all other grammatical choices a speaker could make. The method that is used in this mini-research was ‘Qualitative Data Collection’ in the form of interview. The team research have interviewed 20 informants, 10 of them are from Central Java and the rest are from East Java. The informants were given a written dialogue in Indonesian Language and they are requested to translate the text into their local language. Those written dialogue was given by using email, Facebook and direct meeting, some of the informants were being recorded while practicing the dialogue so that the team research could analyze their pronunciation. Besides the interview, the team research also search some references through the internet and books. The result showed that there were many differences in both region, such as the choice of words that the speaker of each region have, the difference in vocabulary, word formation, and also they were different in accent. The conclusion is that accent and dialect are strongly associated with geographical distribution and any other factors, because there are similarities found a certain dialect with other dialect morphologically if both are from Central Java if compared with any dialect from East Java. Key words: Dialect, Central Java, East Java.