The recovery manager of a data management system
1979
Abstract
This paper describes and evaluates the recovery subsystem of System R. an experimental data management system . The features of the recovery system include: The transaction concept which allows application programs to commit. abort or partially undo their effects . The DO-UNDO-REDO protocol allows new recoverable types and operations to be added to the recovery system . Application programs can record data in the transaction log to facilitate application-specific recovery . The checkpoint mechanism is based on differential files (shadows) . The recovery log is based on disk rather than tape .
FAQs
AI
How does System R manage concurrent transactions in the RSS?
The RSS utilizes a locking subsystem to manage concurrency, ensuring transactions appear serially executed. This mechanism guarantees that multiple transactions accessing shared objects do not interfere with each other's outcomes, preserving atomicity.
What is the role of transaction save points in System R’s recovery process?
Save points act as intermediate milestones within transactions, enabling partial undo functionality without reversing the entire transaction. This feature minimizes loss during issues such as deadlocks or authority violations, streamlining recovery processes.
How are committed and uncommitted transactions handled during system restarts?
At restart, all uncommitted transactions are undone while committed transactions persist and are redone. This process is supported by a transaction log, allowing restoration of the last consistent state prior to failure.
What implications does the disk-based log system have for recovery in System R?
The disk-based log merges undo and redo functionalities, enhancing design simplicity and operational efficiency. This approach ensures minimal operator intervention during automatic restarts and maintains a consistent state even after system failures.
When were the primary components of the RSS recovery system operational?
The RSS was designed in 1974-1975 and became operational in 1976, providing essential recovery management capabilities. This system includes transaction handling, commit protocols, and logging mechanisms that have evolved since its implementation.
References (11)
- Astrahan, M.M., M.W. Blasgen, D.D. Chamberlin, K.P. Eswaran, J.N. Gray, P.P. Griffiths, W.F. King, R.A. Lorie, P.R. McJones, J.W. iMehl, G.R. Putzolu, I.L. Traiger, B.W. Wade, V. Watson, ' System R: a Relational Approach to Database Manage- ment ' , ACM Transactions on Database Systems, Vol. 1, No. 2, June 1976.
- Chamberlin, D.D., M.M. Astrahan, K.P. Eswaran, P.P. Griffiths, R.A. Lorie, J.W. Mehl, R. Reisner, B.W. Wade, ' SEQUEL 2: A Unified Approach to Data Definition, Manipulation and Control ' , IBM J. Res. Develop., Vol 20, No. 6, Nov. 1976, pp. 560-576.
- Gray, J.N., V. Watson, ' A Shared Segment and Interprocess Communication Facility for VM/370 ' , IBM San Jose Research Laboratory Report: RJ 1579, May 1975.
- Eswaran, K.E., J.N. Gray, R.A. Lorie, I.L. Traiger, ' On the Notions of Consistency and Predicate Locks in a Relational Database System, ' CACM, Vol. 19, No. 11, Nov. 1976, pp. 624-634.
- Gray, J.N., ' Notes on Data Base Operating Systems ' , Operating Systems -An Advanced Course, R. Bayer, R.M. Graham, G. Seegmuller editors, Springer Verlag, 1978 pp. 393-381. Also IBM Research Report: RJ 2188, Feb. 1978.
- Nauman, J.S., ' Observations on Sharing in Data Base Systems ' , IBM Santa Teresa Laboratory Technical Report: TR 03.047, May 1978.
- Bjork L., ' Recovery Scenario for a DB/DC System, ' Proceedings ACM National Conference, 1973, pp. 142-146.
- Davies, C.T., ' Recovery Semantics for a DB/DC System, ' Proceedings ACM National Conference, 1973, pp. 136-141.
- Lorie, R.A., Physical Integrity in a Large Segmented Database. ACM Transactions on Database Systems, Vol. 2, No. 1, March 1977, pp. 9 1-104
- Gray, J.N., R.A. Lorie, G.F. Putzolu, I.L. Traiger, ' Granularity of Locks and Degrees of Consistency in a Shared Data Base ' , Modeling in Data Base Management Systems.
- Blasgen, M.W., J.N. Gray, M. Mitoma, T. Price, ' T h e Convoy Phenomenon ' , ACM Operating Systems Review, Vol. 13, No. 2, April 1979, pp. 20-25. ' Information ~Managagement System/Virtual Systems (IMS/VS), Programming Reference manual ' IBM Form No. SH20-9027-2, sect. 5.