Reduplication and echo-words in Hindi

Ohio State University Working Papers …, 1986

Folia Linguistica, 2013

Journal of Universal Language

This paper examines how three languages (i.e., Chichewa, Sesotho, Agta) comply with three cross-linguistic tendencies in reduplication (i.e., Shape Invariance, Unmarkedness, and Identity discussed by Kager (1999)) from the perspective of Typology. Considering that Chichewa is characterized as total (i.e., stem) reduplication, Sesotho as bisyllabic reduplication, and Agta as closed-syllable reduplication, this paper is to shows that there is a conflict among these three universal tendencies in reduplication. For example, Unmarkedness, conspiring a reduplicant to a bisyllabic reduplicative template (Kager 1999), cannot account for the occurrence of stem reduplication. In the same sense, Identity supports the occurrence of stem reduplication. A closed-syllable reduplicative template in Agta violates the Unmarkedness and Identity tendencies. Given these observations, in this paper a language-specific tendency preference mechanism with respect to Shape Invariance, Unmarkedness, and Identity is proposed to account for the occurrence of these three * I would like to thank to Laura Downing who mailed me several of her papers and helped in the further development of this paper. I developed important ideas on reduplication through those papers (Downing 1997, 1999a, 1999b). All the errors are the author's responsibility.

In Nabil Hathout, Fabio Montermini & Jesse Tseng (eds.), Morphology in Toulouse: Selected proceedings of Décembrettes 7 (Toulouse, 2-3 December 2010) (Lincom Studies in Theoretical Linguistics 51), 211-229. München: Lincom Europa, 2013

This article explores the role of iconicity and structural preference in a typology of reduplication based on a convenience sample of 25 languages drawn from a typological online database (the Graz Database on Reduplication). The influential morpho-semantic approach of Kiyomi (1995) is reconsidered and modified to argue for the pervasiveness of iconicity in reduplicative systems. Assuming that the morphological process of reduplication essentially operates on a morphological (full reduplication) and a phonological level (partial reduplication) and that iconicity is a principle licensing the process as a whole, the actually occurring meanings are evaluated in single languages as well as across them. At the same time the actual forms of partial reduplication are investigated and it is argued that they are to a certain extent governed by tendencies of structural preference described in Vennemann (1988). Finally, preliminary but important consequences for a typology of reduplication are drawn, showing that the phenomenon most likely is not as arbitrary in its forms and meanings as is sometimes assumed.

1993

Jackendoff (1987, 1990) has brought up various problems with the current use of thematic roles (Kiparsky, 1987; Bresnan & Kanerva, 1989 and references cited therein) and suggested a different way of thinking of thematic roles as structural configurations in his semantic Lexical Conceptual Structures (LCSs). Conversely, Joshi (1989) has claimed that Jackendoff's LCSs alone are insufficient, and that an analysis of certain facts in Marathi additionally requires the existence of a level of predicate-argument structure (PAS). Below we will mention a few of Jackendoff's arguments against the current conception of thematic roles. We will then look at Joshi's arguments about the necessity of a level of PAS in addition to LCS and conclude that providing Jackendoff's LCSs are integrated into a suitable syntactic theory, neither of her points are problematic to Jackendoff. 1 From there we will go on to reexamine some of the facts of Marathi, and show that certain facts that have merely been stipulated or left unanalyzed when using thematic roles, receive a rather elegant treatment when described via a combination of their syntax and LCS. To keep this paper to a squibbish length, we're going to have to take a few things on trust. Firstly, we'll assume that Joshi's (1989, 1990) syntactic analysis of Marathi is essentially correct. 2 Secondly we're going to assume a grammatical formalism that allows one to wed together LFG-ish syntax with Jackendovian semantics (I do actually have such a thing: Andrews & Manning (forthcoming)). Lastly, I'm not going to detail here the Definitive Linking Theory, but we'll see just enough of it to make the arguments look plausible. Problems with thematic roles. Jackendoff raises several problems with conventional thematic roles. He points out that many of the roles subcategorized by verbs have no categorization in the standard thematic role lists. His usual argument is to provide unnamed locational arguments such as: (1) a. John jumped the gorge. b. The plane circled the tower. This is a problem for Kiparsky who tries to include various locational roles:

OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra

The significance of reduplication in language studies was to construct a linguistics pattern. However, linguists tend to disregard the functions of individual creativity and the core language meaning-making approach at the discourse level. Therefore, we should investigate this intriguing topic more to describe the repetition of words. Many studies analyzed classification reduplication in Acehnese through documentation techniques, in contrast, this current study investigated classifications and meanings of reduplication in Acehnese through observation and interview. Sulaiman's paradigm as the framework stated that reduplication had three parts: complete, affix, and ablaut reduplication. In addition, the researchers used the Ali et al. framework, which suggested eight meanings of reduplication, mainly grammatical meanings. The findings revealed that full reduplication was the most common among the 100 data of utterances. Furthermore, the meanings of reduplications are to convey th...

Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 2007

Punjabi, a largely South Asian spoken language, is very rich in reduplication but less researched language in the linguistic circle of Pakistan. It ranges from total/full reduplication to different types of partial reduplication such as alternation of vowel based morpheme, alternation of consonant based morpheme, and rhyme with diminutive suffix and/or echoic expressions. The study discusses five major points: 1) Reduplication with reference to its classifications and semantics. 2) Reduplication of nonsense/empty words in contrast to Keane’s (2005). 3) Variation in the position of reduplicants 4) Challenges Abbi’s (1985) claim that pre/postpositions of any language may not be reduplicated 5) Gives an example, contra Abbi (1985), in which the meaning of reduplicated and non-reduplicated forms overlap each other. The study displays that partial reduplication is responsible for forming new compound words and performs a variety of different semantic functions.

2024

Reduplication, a common phenomenon observed in many languages like English and Karakalpak, conveys various meanings such as plurality and intensity. Despite their differences, both languages exhibit similar semantic sets expressed through reduplication. This study explores the general semantics of reduplication in these languages.

2009

The aim of this paper is to enquire into the various meanings of reduplication as a linguistic operation, and not as a merely stylistic or expressive device. The theoretical frame is Antoine Culioli's 'énonciative' linguistics (notion and located occurrence, notional domain and boundary); context and intersubjectivity are taken into account as much as possible. The first section deals with total reduplication, within the nominal, verbal and adjectival category: it shows that reduplication on an occurrence modifies the relation between the reduplicated term and the term syntactically associated to it by denying the occurrence any specific stable value. It thus modifies the scheme of individuation of the notion (its actualization into an occurrence). The second section, dealing with partial reduplication or echo constructions, whether formed with a v-substitution to the initial consonant or with other forms of alliteration, shows that it modifies the notion itself by de-centring it, and reshapes it by taking into account various forms of heterogeneity, particularly the conflicting viewpoints of speaker and hearer.