Typical Sensors needed in Ubiquitous and Pervasive Computing

Palgrave studies in digital business & enabling technologies, 2023

The digitalisation of the deep renovation process and built environment is enabled by ubiquitous connectivity and monitoring of the environment itself, the artefacts and actors within it, and events that occur. Such monitoring is important for efficient construction management, dynamic peak demand reduction, affordability, and occupants' well-being. Sensor networks based on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies represent an important prerequisite for both optimising and redefining the stages of the building process to meet environmental challenges. This chapter provides an overview of how computation capabilities are being integrated into the physical environment and the role of sensor networks in the context of deep renovation. The key advantages and benefits of these technologies at the pre, during and post-renovation stages are discussed together with different use cases. The value of sensor network infrastructures and the legal and ethical implications of the use of such sensor infrastructures is also discussed.

KTH&SU DSV-TR, 2002

Experiences from work with sensors in ubiquitous computing environments are described and summarized. Problems regarding reusability, scalability and ease of deployment of sensor systems are identified. A platform architecture as well as a reference implementation is presented, that supports development of sensor based applications on a low level. The platform eases reusability, sharing of sensors between applications, supports transport, and refinement of sensor data.

Future Internet

Today's digital society is interconnected and networked, with modern smart devices ubiquitously built into and embedded within smart environments and other environments, where people (their users) typically live. It is very important to mention that sensorial awareness of an environment depends on one's current location and equipment, as well as the equipment's real-time capabilities. Personal sensorial information is considered to be the key factor for progress in the improvement of the productivity of everyday life and creation of a smart surrounding environment. This paper describes the design, implementation, and testing process of a new sensorial framework based on the current possibilities created by ubiquitous smart mobile devices with sensors, which involves computing power and battery power issues. The two parts of the proposed framework have been designed, implemented, and tested. The client part is represented by a front-end mobile application, and the back-end part is represented by a server-side application. The analysis of the data, captured during the testing phase, involves the analysis of the processing time, battery consumption, and transmitted data amount. This analysis reveals that Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) protocols have a comparable performance, although TCP is preferable for use in local networks. In comparison to other solutions such as MobiSense or Feel the World framework, the final solution of the proposed and developed sensorial framework has two main capabilities, which are the security support and social networking possibilities. The advantage of the MobiSense platform is the existence of several real-world applications, whereas the proposed sensorial framework needs to be verified in the massive context of many users in real time.

Measurement Science and Technology, 2005

This paper is a review of the fascinating development of sensors and the communication of sensor data. A brief historical introduction is given, followed by a discussion on architectures for sensor networks. Further, realistic specifications on sensor devices suitable for ambient intelligence and ubiquitous computing are given. Based on these specifications, the status and current frontline development are discussed. In total, it is shown that future technology for ambient intelligence based on sensor and actuator devices using standardized Internet communication is within the range of possibilities within five years.

Proceedings of the Ffrst ACM workshop on Sensor and actor networks - SANET '07, 2007

With the increase in the number of sensors and actuators available to ubiquitous computing systems comes the need for architectures that can support the development of intelligent applications and expose the rich control and monitoring capabilities provided by these devices to users. In this work, we present a description of the parameters used to define services provided by sensors and actuators. Using this understanding of the devices that provide sensing and control throughout the environment, we present the design of Meditrina, a ubiquitous computing architecture. Meditrina provides clean interfaces for application designers to leverage devices in the environment to support the activities of users in a large variety of scenarios. To demonstrate the power and feasibility of Meditrina, we implemented a prototype, including a room lighting control application. Through the use of the prototype, we show how the architecture facilitates the quick implementation of applications that can react to and affect the environment, even in the face of device failure.

Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 2010

Sensors, 2010

This paper proposes a novel technique which provides energy efficient circuit design for sensors networks. The overall system presented requires a minimum number of independently communicating sensors and sub-circuits which enable it to reduce the power consumption by setting unused sensors to idle. This technique reduces hardware requirements, time and interconnection problems with a supervisory control. Our proposed algorithm, which hands over the controls to two software mangers for the sensing and moving subsystems can greatly improve the overall system performance. Based on the experimental results, we observed that our system, which is using sensing and moving managers, the four sensors required only 3.4 mW power consumption when a robot arm is moved a total distance of 17 cm. This system is designed for robot applications but could be implemented to many other human environments such as "ubiquitous cities", "smart homes", etc.

2003

Wireless sensor networks are networks of compact microsensors with wireless communication capability. These small devices are relatively cheap with the potential to be disseminated in large quantities. Emerging applications of data gathering range from the environmental to the military. As autonomous devices they can provide pervasive distributed and collaborative network of computer nodes. Architectural challenges are posed for designers such as computational power, energy consumption, energy sources, communication channels and sensing capabilities. Embedded Systems provide the computational platform for hardware and software components to interact with the environment and other nodes. This survey presents the current state-ofthe-art for wireless sensor nodes, investigating and analyzing these challenges. We discuss the characteristics and requirements for a sensor node mainly processing, communications, power and sensing components. In this survey we present a comprehensive comparative study of sensor nodes platforms, energy management techniques, offthe-shelf microcontrollers, battery types and radio devices.

Microelectronics Journal, 2006

Wireless sensor networks are one of the most rapidly evolving research and development fields for microelectronics. Their applications are countless, and the market potentials are huge. However, many technical hurdles have to be overcome to achieve a widespread diffusion of wireless sensor network technology. This paper summarizes the trends of evolution in wireless sensor network nodes, focusing on hardware architectures and fabrication technology. We describe four generations of sensor networks (obtrusive, parasitic, symbiotic and bio-inspired), moving from the recent past to the future. We outline the key research challenges and the common themes in the field. r