Proposed Collision Avoidance System in Driverless Cars

2011

The industry strategy for automotive safety systems has been evolving over the last 20 years. Initially, individual passive devices and features such as seatbelts, airbags, knee bolsters, crush zones, etc. was developed for saving lives and minimizing injuries when an accident occurs. Later, preventive measures such as improving visibility, headlights, windshield wipers, tire traction, etc. were deployed to reduce the probability of getting into an accident. Now we are at the stage of actively avoiding accidents as well as providing maximum protection to the vehicle occupants and even pedestrians. Systems that are on the threshold of being deployed or under intense development include collision avoidance systems. In this dissertation, advanced ideas such as pre-crash sensing, ultrasonic sensor is used to sense the object in front of the vehicle and gives the signal to the micro controller unit. Based on the signal received from the ultrasonic sensor, the micro controller unit sends ...

International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2021

The future of automotive relies on the mechatronic and electronic systems. The worldwide growth of automotive towards electronic systems suggests that driverless cars would soon be the common commuters. With such improvements safety of the passengers becomes first priority for the manufacturers. Nowadays automobiles come with high end technologies and quick responsive electronic systems. In addition to the passive safety systems, active safety systems definitely avoid collision thereby reducing the chances of injury and death. This project shows the working of an active safety system that is collision avoidance system. To create the model, TINKERCAD software has been used and a detailed working is explained. As a result, the system detects traffic and can alert the driver and stop the vehicle before meeting the collision.

Road traffic accidents are one of the world's largest public health problems. To reduce these numbers, vehicle manufacturers are developing systems that can detect hazardous traffic situations and actively assist road users in avoiding or mitigating accidents. Collision Avoidance (CA) Mechanism is being identified as a suitable method for mitigating the road accidents. The main objective is to make the driver to attend only the emergency calls. Initially when a call is made to driver, he will receive a message intimating that the person is driving. If once again he calls the driver then it is understood that it is emergency. So the driver will get an intimation regarding the emergency call in voice and automatically left indicator of the car will be turned on. This system will prevent accidents due to phone calls. In addition to this facility, the proposed system also helps to detect the obstacles behind the vehicle while reversing and alarms the driver if the both hands are out of the grip from the steering while driving.

2016

Road accidents remain a major cause for fatalities globally. A lot of researches have been done and it is widely reported that vehicle automation can reduce human errors, thus reducing road fatalities. The construction of a fully autonomous vehicle is among the major developments of vehicle automation. Many surveys have been done about vehicle automation and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) is one of the fundamental features of a fully autonomous vehicle. Main ADAS features include Automatic Cruise Control, Automatic Parking, Collision Avoidance as well as Lane Departure Warning systems. In this paper, current advances of collision mitigation technologies for ADAS are reviewed as an introductory idea for researchers and general audiences who are new to this field. Each of the systems are discussed in their own sections. The highlights and future directions for each system are brought to light. Several future work suggestions for a comprehensive ADAS systems are highlighted....

2005

Avoiding collisions is a crucial issue in most transportation systems as well as in many other applications. The task of a collision avoidance system is to track objects of potential collision risk and determine any action to avoid or mitigate a collision. This thesis presents theory for tracking and decision making in collision avoidance systems. The main focus is how to make decisions based on uncertain estimates and in the presence of multiple obstacles. A general framework for dealing with nonlinear dynamic systems and arbitrary noise distributions in collision avoidance decision making is proposed. Some novel decision functions are also suggested. Furthermore, performance evaluations using simulated and experimental data are presented. Most examples in this thesis are from automotive applications. A driving application for the work presented in this thesis is an automotive emergency braking system. This system is called a collision mitigation by braking (CMbB) system. It aims at mitigating the consequences of an accident by applying the brakes once a collision becomes unavoidable. A CMbB system providing a maximum collision speed reduction of 15 km/h and an average speed reduction of 7.5 km/h is estimated to reduce all injuries, classified as anything between moderate and fatal, for rear-end collisions by 16 %. Since rear-end collision correspond to approximately 30 % of all accidents this corresponds to a 5 % reduction for all accidents. The evaluation includes results from simulations as well as two demonstrator vehicles, with different sensor setups and different decision logic, that perform autonomous emergency braking.

This precedent model is a reminiscent to the following systems – Google car to X communication, Volvo, Benz and Texas car. We have added gratification to the existing system. The existing system were developed using radar and GSM. The users were being acknowledged with an SMS on occurrence of crash. The advancement includes the location of the crash, obstacle deduction during road bends before a certain distance, fault in the vehicle's functioning and an alert which notifies 3 of the driver's speed dial contact or the emergency number of the nation through both call and SMS. This process includes efficient devices like arm processor, IR sensor and buzzer alarm by the usage of these components results in overall cost effective and robust implementation of the system. This ensures safety of the driver and the passengers travelling along. This system has an improved efficiency than the existing system.

Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Southeast Conference, 2021

Integrating emerging technologies into current systems is critical to enhance the human quality of life. In the field of transportation, the automobile is the predominant locomotion method used by people. Even though new vehicular safety systems have been integrated into vehicles, road accidents are still one of the major reasons for death worldwide. In general, Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) that share roads with vehicles have second priority in safety systems for the Intelligent Transportation System, since they are mostly focused on avoiding collision between vehicles. However, VRUs do represent a very significant percent of the victims of road accidents. In this paper, we propose a solution where the integration of current and future technologies to the vehicular safety system is a key factor, so that roads will be a better place for all the actors (people, animals, and vehicles) that transit on them. In order to protect VRUs and animals on or nearby the roads, a collision-avoidance system with two levels is proposed. The idea is to have a flexible solution that will integrate any current technology and new technologies as they appear. Warning information will be delivered in real-time about people, other living beings, vehicles, and obstacles when a possible collision is detected. On the lower level, on-board computers can address imminent threats thanks to the access to lightweight quality information consisting of data samples shared by vehicles, persons, and animals that join the common platform. In the upper level, additional support based on pre-processed information coming as a service from the Cloud will also assist any decision. With all this information, a vehicle will be in the capacity of taking instant safety decisions, in real-time, and without overloading its local computational resources.

This paper proposes about an intelligent collision avoidance system, which avoids vehicle accidents and provides a greatest security to the user in adverse conditions. The vehicle state information is obtained using Ultrasonic sensor, which will continuously track for any obstacle from front and back side. If the obstacle is detected then microcontroller will continuously compare the distance given by Ultrasonic sensor. If the obstacle is closer to the car then the microcontroller will start applying the brake within the safe limit. The project has four phases. The first phase is the design of an electromechanical control system using Arduino as the heart of the system. The second phase is the selection of desired components. The third phase is enabling the system to control the brakes in ABS mode. The fourth phase is to construct the prototype circuit. The fifth and last phase is to program the microcontroller and run the system fuctionality simulation.

PERINTIS eJournal, 2016

Road accidents remain a major cause for fatalities globally. A lot of researches have been done and it is widely reported that vehicle automation can reduce human errors, thus reducing road fatalities. The construction of a fully autonomous vehicle is among the major developments of vehicle automation. Many surveys have been done about vehicle automation and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) is one of the fundamental features of a fully autonomous vehicle. Main ADAS features include Automatic Cruise Control, Automatic Parking, Collision Avoidance as well as Lane Departure Warning systems. In this paper, current advances of collision mitigation technologies for ADAS are reviewed as an introductory idea for researchers and general audiences who are new to this field. Each of the systems are discussed in their own sections. The highlights and future directions for each system are brought to light. Several future work suggestions for a comprehensive ADAS systems are highlighted. As this work is intended as a general survey on ADAS, the technical specifications of each system are not discussed in details.

2011

This paper presents a real-time implementation of a collision avoidance (CA) system that uses autonomous braking and model predictive control to assist drivers in avoiding collisions with other road users. To the authors knowledge, this is the first CA system that targets general vehicle collisions that has been implemented in a car. The system is based on a recently published decision-making algorithm which is described in [1]. To validate the CA system in various collision scenarios without endangering the driver of the vehicle, a novel test platform has been developed. The test platform consist of a soft crashable obstacle which is movable in speeds up to 70 km/h and safe to collide with in any angle in relative speeds up to 100 km/h. In the current implementation, estimates of the motion of the obstacle are obtained through a reference sensor fusion system that is based on a combination of in-vehicle sensors and a differential global positioning system. Results from both intersection and rear-end collision situations are presented. The results show that the proposed CA system can be implemented in a real-time environment and that the predictive brake control algorithm accurately accounts for delays and ramp-up times in the brake system of the vehicle.