Video Watermarking Algorithms Using the SVD Transform

This paper, aims at embedding an invisible watermark into a digital image using the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The technique uses the U matrix of the SVD and modifies two of its value according to the watermark bit. The proposed technique is a modification of a recent scheme[1] proposed by B. Chandra Mohan and S. Srinivas Kumar in terms of Bit Correct Rate and robustness. Superior results are obtained when the watermarked image is attacked by histogram equalization, cropping, setting and resetting LSB plane, linear and non-linear filtering, noise and compression.

Abstract—With the daily advancement of technology, copyright protection of all types of digital media has become an important issue. Thus to aid the copyright protection digital watermarking has emerged as solution to this problem. In this paper a new digital image watermarking scheme is proposed which combines Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and its multiresolution variant. Tests have been undergone to check the proposed scheme for robustness and imperceptibility. Index Terms—Image Watermarking, Singular Value

We propose a novel scheme for watermarking of digital images based on singular value decomposition (SVD), which makes use of the fact that the SVD subspace preserves significant amount of information of an image, as compared to its singular value matrix, . The principal components of the watermark are embedded in the original image, leaving the detector with a complimentary set of singular vectors for watermark extraction. The above step invariably ensures that watermark extraction from the embedded watermark image, using a modified matrix, is not possible, thereby removing a major drawback of an earlier proposed algorithm by .

The remarkable increase in the development of the digital communication make theprotection and illegal distribution of digitaldata, an important issue in this digital era. The advancement of Internet services and various improved technologies made video piracy as an increasing problem particularly when media is sharing through the internet. For these problems digital watermarking provides a solution. Basically digital watermarking involves embedding secret symbols known as watermarks within video data which can be used later for copyright detection and authentication verification purposesand by this we can avoid the illegal copying of digital data to a great extent. This paper presents the SVD (singular value decomposition) DWT (discrete wavelet transform) based video watermarking. In addition, it gives the information about main key performance indicators which include robustness, speed, capacity, fidelity, andimperceptibility.

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2018

Video watermarking is a technique that used to protect the multimedia data, video in reference to authentication, proof of ownership, copy control etc. In this paper a robust video watermarking scheme is proposed that will protect videos from being unauthorized manipulation by the intruder. A hybrid transform technique consists of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Schur decomposition, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and a visual attention region determination scheme is used to determine the region of interest and region of non interest blocks of video frames. To make the scheme robust, watermark is embedded in the region of non interest blocks of HL band of the frame. The robustness against various attacks has been compared with high Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) values and the imperceptibility of the watermarked image with the original cover image has been compared with indicated high achievable Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) values. The experimental results show that the proposed method has achieved a satisfactory performance against various notable attacks.

In this Paper, We worked and documented the implementation and performance analysis of digital video watermarking that uses the hybrid features of two of the most powerful transform domain processing of the video and fundamentals of the linear algebra. We have taken into the account fundamentals of Discrete Cosine Transform and Singular Value Decomposition for the development of the proposed algorithm. We first used the Singular Value Decomposition and then used the singular values for the insertion of the message behind the video. Finally we used two of the visual quality matrices for the analysis purpose. We also applied various attacks on the video and found the proposed scheme more robust.

Computing Research Repository, 2008

We propose a novel scheme for watermarking of digital images based on singular value decomposition (SVD), which makes use of the fact that the SVD subspace preserves significant amount of information of an image, as compared to its singular value matrix, Zhang and Li (2005). The principal components of the watermark are embedded in the original image, leaving the detector with a complimentary set of singular vectors for watermark extraction. The above step invariably ensures that watermark extraction from the embedded watermark image, using a modified matrix, is not possible, thereby removing a major drawback of an earlier proposed algorithm by Liu and Tan (2002).

IEEE Access, 2021

Watermarking is an important technique for protecting sensitive e-multimedia data and intellectual property. Watermarking techniques are used for many applications such as ownership protection, which is a popular area of research as compared to others such as authentication and local temper localization. There are many image watermarking schemes that have been recently published based on the frequency domain as it can fulfill watermarking requirements such as high robustness and imperceptibility. Singular-value decomposition (SVD) is one of them and is used in many frequency transform-based image watermarking schemes due to its stability and mathematical simplicity. However, there are many schemes that lack robustness against malicious cyberattacks, whereby the watermarks are easy to detect and destroy. Consequently, the proposed watermarking schemes became more complicated and cannot resist various geometric and non-geometric attacks. Thus, there are many existing hybrid SVD-based image watermarking schemes found be insecure. As there is also a lack of in-depth reviews in this domain, the focus of this paper is the analysis of the state-of-the-art in hybrid SVD-based image watermarking. We perform efficiency comparisons to highlight various security problems, open issues, and research gaps. Based on our findings, we additionally provide some recommendations for the development of more robust schemes in the future. This paper provides essential information for researchers and practitioners alike to advance the field of image watermarking. INDEX TERMS Embedding, extraction, frequency domain, image watermarking, singular-value decomposition (SVD).

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2015

Digital watermark is perceptually invisible information embedded in the video. This embedding is done by an encoder using a secret key. The watermark can carry information about owner or recipient of the video or the video itself or some additional information like video caption, date etc. The watermarked video may undergo possible changes by unauthorized users or attackers. Unintentional and malicious attacks are aimed to disable watermark detection.

Algorithms, 2009

In this paper, a block-based watermarking scheme based on the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is proposed. Our watermark, a pseudo-random Gaussian sequence, is embedded by modifying the angles formed by the right singular vectors of each block of the original image. The orthogonality property of the right singular vector matrix is preserved during the embedding process. Several experiments have been carried out to test the performance of the proposed scheme against different attack scenarios. We conclude that the proposed scheme is resistant against common signal processing operations and attacks, while it preserves the quality of the original image.