E-voting: International developments and lessons learnt

Elections and voting are fundamental to any consensus-based society. They are one of the most critical functions of democracy. There are a number of voting systems adopted all over the world with each of them having its peculiar problems. The manual voting system still appears prominent among the developed and developing nations, but with considerations being given to an electronic alternative with a view to showing most of the short comings. Furthermore, with the increased interest and attention on e-government, e-democracy and e-governance, e-voting initiatives have gained more significance. Thus, many countries are piloting with various e-voting models and systems in order to enable voting from anywhere; also, international organisations are developing standards and recommendations in this area. This paper details a review of the underlying concepts of e-voting and discusses some of the salient issues on the subject. Also, a review of common e-voting models, existing elections schemes and explanation of the usual terminologies associated with e-voting were presented.

2019

The aim of the study is to present the achievements of the Council of Europe in the field of electronic voting. The author presents the circumstances that led to the formulation of recommendations regarding evoting within the Council of Europe. In the main part of the study, however, the author analyzes the part of the recommendations that relate to legal aspects, namely the rules of suffrage. In summary, he points to the growing role of the recommendations under study which are more and more often cited by various authorities.

EIIC 2014. The 3rd Electronic International Interdisciplinary Conference, Proceedings in Electronic International Interdisciplinary Conference, eds. M. Mokrys, S. Badura, A. Lieskovsky, EDIS – Publishing Institution of the University of Zilina, Slovakia, ss. 311-315, ISSN 978-80-554-0921-4., 2014

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) constitute a crucial element of globalisation and computerization processes. ICT are not exclusively present in the economy, entertainment, trade or banking, but they are also used in politics or social area. Public institutions employ ICT (particularly the Internet) for informational and educational purposes as well as for improving the efficiency of state institutions and bodies. With the availability of new (apart from traditional) forms of participation, such as e.g. electronic community consultations, electronic people's initiatives, participatory budgeting, e-voting, the citizens are offered the possibility to increase their activity on the political scene and their real influence on the decision-making process. It’s due to the fact that modern technologies can improve the interactions occurring between voters and political institutions, political parties, or politicians. One of such interaction is the process of voting, which in some countries is supported by ICT (e-voting). This article aims primarily at providing answers for questions: about the most important problems connected with introduction of this more and more popular way of civic participation in politics and with the use of e-voting in general elections, as well as about the most crucial and most frequent uncertainties that e-voting implies.

The study analyzes the implementation of e-voting in our democracies, based on the current discussion about its challenges to enhance our confidence in political institutions. The proposal aims to establish the aspects involved in this electoral mechanism, particularly in elections abroad. The scientific method is qualitative due to the results of previous researches and the data obtained from the electoral process in Ecuador when electronical vote was executed. Moreover, it includes a descriptive analysis of the types of e-voting. The findings reveal a lack of global continuity in the adoption of evoting due to cost and system reliability concerns. The study concludes in the examination of each country's context and electoral infrastructure, as essential to determine the most suitable e-voting modality based on pilot test results.

Elections and voting are fundamental to any consensus-based society. They are one of the most critical functions of democracy. There are a number of voting systems adopted all over the world with each of them having its peculiar problems. The manual voting system still appears prominent among the developed and developing nations, but with considerations being given to an electronic alternative with a view to showing most of the short comings. Furthermore, with the increased interest and attention on e-government, e-democracy and e-governance, e-voting initiatives have gained more significance. Thus, many countries are piloting with various e-voting models and systems in order to enable voting from anywhere; also, international organisations are developing standards and recommendations in this area. This paper details a review of the underlying concepts of e-voting and discusses some of the salient issues on the subject. Also, a review of common e-voting models, existing elections schemes and explanation of the usual terminologies associated with e-voting were presented.

Using electronic voting systems is divisive as some countries used such systems and others did not. Electronic voting (e-voting) is relatively a new concept based on its application that aims at reducing errors and improving the convenience and integrity of election process. This paper tried to explore the factors that influence the adoption of such systems in a university environment. The study utilized a sample of 302 bachelor degree students in a public Jordanian university and in relation to students' council election process. Results indicated that students were keen on the concepts of trust and usefulness of e-voting when adopting such systems. The study supported the findings of TAM in the area of technology acceptance. Conclusions are at the end of this paper.

Electronic Voting: 5th International Joint Conference, E-Vote-ID 2020 Bregenz, Austria, October 6–9, 2020, Proceedings, 2020, 2020

E-voting implantation has been facing important challenges in recent years. Several incidents, together with a lack of evaluation methodologies social and cultural customs hinder a broader application. In this work, the authors aim to contribute to a safer introduction of e-voting tools by applying a practical evaluation framework strongly based on the security requirements issued by the Council of Europe (CoE) in 2017 to nvotes, a system that has been utilized to cast over 2 million votes over the last 6 years. The ultimate goal of the analysis is not to judge from a rigid, "infallible" but to contribute to a gradual and secure implementation of e-voting solutions in the democratic processes. The authors believe it can constitute a useful source of information for election officials, researchers and voters.

Przegląd Politologiczny, 2021

The aim of the article is to present the opportunities and threats resulting from the implementation of voting via the Internet (i-voting) and to discuss the conditions for effective implementation of this alternative voting procedure on the example of Estonia and Switzerland. Estonia is the only country in the world where i-voting is widely used. In Switzerland, on the other hand, this voting method has been used most often, although its use has been suspended for several years due to legal, infrastructural and political problems. What are the conditions for successfully implementing Internet voting? The attempt to answer this research question was possible thanks to the use of the following research methods: comparative, formal-dogmatic, behavioral and modified historical method. The key conclusion is that the implementation of i-voting must be preceded by many years of political, legal, infrastructural and social activities, and that the created system must be as transparent as p...

There are many challenges facing the applied E-voting in voting in ballots of elections .

IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing

Despite the claimed benefits of e-voting initiatives, wider adoption of e-voting mechanisms and implementation processes is slower than expected. Several technical, social, and cultural challenges hinder generability and applicability of evoting. Amongst them, the evaluation and harmonization of e-voting systems, given different legal and statutory frameworks, is still an important challenge to overcome. Yet, only a few works have addressed this topic in the field. This article aims to contribute to further understanding this unexplored topic by applying a practical evaluation framework to Helios Voting, one of the most widely used e-voting tools to date. Our framework, strongly based on the technical and security requirements issued by the Council of Europe in 2017, is a valuable source of information for election officials, researchers and voters to understand the strengths and weaknesses of Helios Voting and, as a result, to improve decision-making processes regarding the type and size of elections that can be securely handled by Helios Voting. The ultimate goal of our paper is to conceptually and practically support the gradual, secure and protocolized expansion of e-voting.