Progress in Automated Theorem Proving, 1997-2001
2001
Abstract
Despite some impressive individual achievements, the extreme difficulty of Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) means that progress in ATP is slow relative to, e.g., some aspects of commercial information technology. The (relatively) slow progress has two distinct disadvantages. First, for the researchers, it is difficult to determine if a direction of investigation is making a meaningful contribution. Second, for unaware observers, a lack of progress leads to a loss of interest and confidence in the field. In this context it is important that progress in ATP be measured, monitored, and recognized. This paper presents quantitative measures that show progress in ATP, from mid-1997 to mid-2001. The measures are based on collected performance data from ATP systems.
References (34)
- L. Bachmair, H. Ganzinger, C. Lynch, and W. Snyder. Basic Paramodulation and Superposition. In Kapur D., editor, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automated Deduction, number 607 in Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pages 462-476. Springer-Verlag, 1992.
- N. Dershowitz and L. Vigneron. Rewriting Home Page. http://rewriting.loria.fr/, 2000.
- M. Fuchs and G. Sutcliffe. Homogeneous Sets of ATP Problems. Technical Report TR-ARP-09-00, Automated Reasoning Project, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
- M. Fujita, J.K. Slaney, and F. Bennett. Automatic Generation of Some Results in Finite Algebra. In R. Bajcsy, editor, Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 52-57. Morgan Kaufmann, 1993.
- U. Furbach, B. Beckert, R. Hähnle, R. Letz, P. Baumgartner, U. Egly, W. Bible, S. Brüning, J. Otten, T. Rath, and T. Schaub. Tableau and Connection Calculi. In W. Bibel and P.H. Schmitt, editors, Automated Deduction -A Basis for Ap- plications, Volume 1: Foundations -Calculi and Methods, pages 3-179. Kluwer, 1998.
- T. Hillenbrand, A. Jaeger, and B. Löchner. Waldmeister -Improvements in Per- formance and Ease of Use. In H. Ganzinger, editor, Proceedings of the 16th In- ternational Conference on Automated Deduction, number 1632 in Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pages 232-236. Springer-Verlag, 1999.
- M. Kaufmann. ACL2 Support for Verification Projects. In C. Kirchner and H. Kirchner, editors, Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Auto- mated Deduction, number 1421 in Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pages 220-238. Springer-Verlag, 1998.
- D.E. Knuth and P.B. Bendix. Simple Word Problems in Universal Algebras. In Leech J., editor, Computational Problems in Abstract Algebras, pages 263-297. Pergamon Press, 1970.
- R.A. Kowalski. Predicate Logic as a Programming Language. In Rosenfeld J.L., editor, Proceedings of the IFIP Congress , pages 569-574. Elsevier Science, 1974.
- K. Kunen. Quasigroups, Loops, and Associative Laws. Journal of Algebra, 185:194-204, 1996.
- D.W. Loveland. A Simplified Format for the Model Elimination Theorem-Proving Procedure. Journal of the ACM, 16(3):349-363, 1969.
- D.W. Loveland. Automated Deduction -Looking Ahead. AI Magazine, 20(1):77- 98, 1999.
- E.L. Lusk. Controlling Redundancy in Large Search Spaces: Argonne-Style The- orem Proving Through the Years. In Voronkov A., editor, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Logic Programming and Automated Reasoning , number 624 in Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence. Springer-Verlag, 1992.
- W.W. McCune. Otter 3.0 Reference Manual and Guide. Technical Report ANL- 94/6, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, USA, 1994.
- W.W. McCune. Solution of the Robbins Problem. Journal of Automated Reason- ing, 19(3):263-276, 1997.
- W.W. McCune and R. Padmanabhan. Automated Deduction in Equational Logic and Cubic Curves, volume 1095 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence. Springer-Verlag, 1996.
- L.J. Peter and R. Hull. The Peter Principle. Souvenir Press, 1969.
- I.V. Ramakrishnan, R. Sekar, and A. Voronkov. Term Indexing. In A. Robinson and A. Voronkov, editors, Handbook of Automated Reasoning. Elsevier Science, 1999.
- W. Reif. The KIV-approach to Software Verification. In M. Broy and S. Jähnichen, editors, KORSO: Methods, Languages, and Tools for the Construction of Correct Software -Final Report, number 1009 in Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 1995.
- G.A. Robinson and L. Wos. Paramodulation and Theorem Proving in First-Order Theories with Equality. Machine Intelligence, 4:135-150, 1969.
- J.A. Robinson. A Machine-Oriented Logic Based on the Resolution Principle. Journal of the ACM, 12(1):23-41, 1965.
- S. Schulz. System Abstract: E 0.3. In H. Ganzinger, editor, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Automated Deduction, number 1632 in Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pages 297-301. Springer-Verlag, 1999.
- J.K. Slaney. CADE-12 invited talk: The Crisis in Finite Mathematics: Automated Reasoning as Cause and Cure. 1994.
- M.E. Stickel. A Prolog Technology Theorem Prover: A New Exposition and Im- plementation in Prolog. Technical Report Technical Note 464, SRI International, Menlo Park, USA, 1989.
- G. Sutcliffe. The CADE-16 ATP System Competition. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 24(3):371-396, 2000.
- G. Sutcliffe and D. Seyfang. Smart Selective Competition Parallelism ATP. In A. Kumar and I. Russell, editors, Proceedings of the 12th Florida Artificial Intel- ligence Research Symposium, pages 341-345. AAAI Press, 1999.
- G. Sutcliffe and C.B. Suttner. The TPTP Problem Library: CNF Release v1.2.1. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 21(2):177-203, 1998.
- G. Sutcliffe and C.B. Suttner. ATP System Results for the TPTP Problem Li- brary. http://www.cs.jcu.edu.au/~tptp/TPTP/Results.html, 2000.
- G. Sutcliffe and C.B. Suttner. Evaluating General Purpose Automated Theorem Proving Systems. Technical Report 2000/2, School of Information Technology, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia, 2000.
- T. Tammet. Gandalf. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 18(2):199-204, 1997.
- A. Voronkov. The Anatomy of Vampire. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 15(2):237-265, 1995.
- C. Weidenbach, B. Afshordel, U. Brahm, C. Cohrs, T. Engel, E. Keen, C. Theobalt, and D. Tpoic. System Description: SPASS Version 1.0.0. In H. Ganzinger, editor, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Au- tomated Deduction, number 1632 in Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pages 378-382. Springer-Verlag, 1999.
- L. Wos, R. Overbeek, and E. Lusk. Subsumption, a Sometimes Undervalued Procedure. Technical Report MCS-P93-0789, Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, USA, 1993.
- L. Wos, G.A. Robinson, D.F. Carson, and L. Shalla. The Concept of Demodulation in Theorem Proving. Journal of the ACM, 14(4):698-709, 1967.