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Historical Overview of Climate Change Science

Profile image of Cecilie MauritzenCecilie Mauritzen

ak-geomorphologie.de

Abstract
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This chapter presents a historical overview of climate change science, emphasizing key accomplishments and challenges faced by the field, particularly in relation to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It establishes a context for understanding human-induced climate change, tracing the evolution and self-correcting nature of scientific inquiry in this domain up until the Third Assessment Report published in 2001. Special attention is given to the role of cumulative knowledge in advancing climate science and the critical importance of rigorous hypothesis testing.

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Notes: TSU compiled version
Notes: TSU compiled version

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Jörg Phil Friedrich

Making Scientific Discoveries, 2022

Within the scientific community, there is a wide consensus that in our days there is an anthropogenic climate change. Also, there is a consensus that decades ago there was no process of this kind. Consequently, at some point in time somebody must have discovered this specific climate change, and the community must have accepted this finding as a discovery. In this paper, I will discuss the discovery of the anthropogenic climate change from a philosophy of science perspective. I will argue, that it is on the one hand a very special kind of a scientific discovery, but on the other hand, as I will show, this process of discovery illuminates on other kinds of scientific discoveries in theory, experimental and other empirical settings, and computer simulations.

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The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change
Leila Raza
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The Progress of Science—Past, Present and Future
Arthur Rörsch

Humanities, 2014

Scientific orthodoxy based on the acquired authority of some scientists has seriously hampered the progress of the natural sciences in the past and continues to do so today because of new societal influences, such as directive funding and political interference in the setting of research objectives. Enhancing the progress of science must continue to be an important priority in order to meet the future needs of mankind. Yet priority setting between different branches of research is currently controversial because of the limited availability of funds and the political interference. For sound priority setting, an adequate level of scientific literacy is required among policy makers, a subject that will attract attention throughout this paper. The "introduction" gives an overview of the issues at stake. Prevailing pessimistic views of the future of our complex society are viewed as being similar to a medieval doomsday syndrome. Pathways to a new renaissance and age of reason are suggested. Three major recommendations are made: (i) Freedom of inquiry must be protected; (ii) The political misuse of potential environmental scares needs to be investigated before doomsday predictions alarm public perceptions and hence shape policies; (iii) The search for excellence in the leadership of science should be emphasized because it should not be based largely on acquired authority. The current controversy over possible impacts of rising levels of CO 2 in the atmosphere on climate is analyzed as a case study.

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Inside science - a preliminary investigation of the case of global warming.
Hans von Storch, Dennis Bray

MPI Report 195, 1996

In this paper we present a preliminary and exploratory analysis of a series of in-depth interviews conducted with twenty eight climate scientists. After justifying the need for such research we present some preliminary results. These are in the form of: (1) the perceptions of risk and hazard as they relate to global warming; (2) the typification of issues drawn from the triadic relationship of science-politics-public and; (3) the typification of 'scientificpersonalities'. The perceptions of risk and hazard and typifications of issues are presented as brief edited excerpts from a broader range of the interviews. The typification of 'scientific personalities' are presented as three lengthy edited excerpts from interviews with three scientists. Finally, based on the qualitative data in the interviews, we draw a brief conclusion regarding the nature of the research of global climate change. While the data demonstrates that, for the most past, the risk of global climate change is a consensual product of scientific practice, the hazards associated with the event are determined to have a much closer affinity with the scientist's personal belief system. It is often these beliefs that come to play a role in the application of science to the public and political spheres.

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The Science of Climate Change
John Sweeney

2008

The Earth's thermostat is a complex and delicate mechanism, at the heart of which lie the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide (CO2), a colourless and odourless gas, is the principal well-mixed greenhouse gas. It is through emissions of this gas that human activities exert their greatest influence on climate. Increased concentrations of carbon dioxide disturb the natural radiative balance of the atmosphere and lead to warming of the Earth's surface. The latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Fourth Assessment Report (2007), has confirmed the assertion that “warming of the climate system is unequivocal” and that most of the observed 20th century increase in globally averaged temperatures is “very likely” due to the observed increases in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. A discernable human influence on the climate system is now apparent and extends to oceanic warming, temperature extremes and wind patterns. Concentration...

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