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Outline

Title
Abstract
Introduction: Defining International Relations
Conclusion: From Foreign Policy to Power
Conclusion: Managing Insecurity
Conclusion
Introduction
References
All Topics
Political Science
International Relations

UNDERSTANDING INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Profile image of Momo WangMomo Wang

Abstract
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AI

The second edition of "Understanding International Relations" reflects significant revisions and updates from the first edition, addressing changes in international relations theory and the importance of globalization. The authors reorganize foundational theories while emphasizing contemporary movements like constructivism. The final chapters move away from a post-Cold War perspective, urging a more nuanced understanding of current geopolitical dynamics influenced by globalization, with the promise of deeper exploration in future editions.

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The present volume is the fifth in the series of yearbooks with the title Globalistics andGlobalization Studies. The subtitle of the present volume is Global Transformations and GlobalFuture. We become more and more accustomed to think globally and to see global processes. Andour future can all means be global. However, is this statement justified? Indeed, in recent years,many have begun to claim that globalization has stalled, that we are rather dealing with theprocess of anti-globalization. Will not we find ourselves at some point again in an edificespanning across the globe, but divided into national apartments, separated by walls of high tariffsand mutual suspicion? Of course, some setbacks are always possible, because the process ofglobalization cannot develop smoothly. It is a process which is itself emerging fromcontradictions and is shaped by a new contradiction. They often go much further than underlyingsystemic changes allow. They break forward, as the vanguard of a victor...

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References (1,029)

  1. Power: A Radical View (1974/2004). For a brief, but powerful, critique of Lukes, see Brian Barry, 'The Obscurities of Power' (1975 in Baratz, 1989). Robert Jervis, Perception and Misperception in World Politics (1976), is the classic account of the 'security dilemma' and the 'spiral of insecurity'. Ken Booth (ed.) New Thinking about Strategy and International Security (1991a) contains a number of articles critical of the notion. Michael E. Brown et al., New Global Dangers: Changing Dimensions of International Security (2004a), looks at critical security dilemmas facing states in the twenty-first century, including non-military threats. Further readings on new approaches to security are listed after Chapter 9; David Baldwin, 'The Concept of Security' (1997), is a useful survey that bridges old and new.
  2. Van Evera's shorter piece) to evaluate the positions. Other useful works include Geoffrey Blainey, The Causes of War (1988), and John G. Stoessinger, Why Nations go to War (2005). For more recent thinking on Just War and legal restraints on violence, see Adam Roberts and Richard Guelff (eds) Documents on the Laws of War (2000);
  3. Geoffrey Best, War and Law since 1945 (1994);
  4. Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars (2000) and Arguing about War (2004);
  5. Terry Nardin (ed.) The Ethics of War and Peace (1996), and, looking specifically at justice in the War on Terror, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Just War Against Terror: The Burden of American Power in a Violent World (2004). Wider reflections on the changing nature of warfare are to be found from a number of sources, some 'academic', some not: a selection of recent books which raise serious questions about the nature of war and its shape in the future would include John Keegan, The Face of Battle (1978);
  6. Jean Bethke Elshtain, Women and War (1987);
  7. Victor Davis Hanson, The Western Way of War: Infantry Battle in Classical Greece (1989);
  8. James Der Derian, Antidiplomacy: Spies, Terror, Speed and War (1992) and Virtuous War: Mapping the Military-Industrial-Media-Entertainment Network (2001);
  9. Alvin and Heidi Toffler, War and Anti-War (1993);
  10. Christopher Coker, War in the Twentieth Century (1994), War and the Illiberal Conscience (1998) and Humane Warfare: The New Ethics of Post-Modern War (2001);
  11. Michael Ignatieff, Virtual War (2000). Ignatieff focuses on the Kosovo campaign of 1999 -interesting military strategic analyses of that conflict are Daniel A. Byman and Matthew C. Waxman, 'Kosovo and the Great Air Power Debate' (2000) and Barry Posen, 'The War for Kosovo: Serbia's Political Military Strategy' (2000), both from International Security. Micahel E. O'Hanlon, 'A Flawed Masterpiece' (2002), is interesting on the Afghanistan campaign, while John Keegan, The Iraq War (2004), tells the military side of the 2003 Iraq war very well. On 'functionalism', David Mitrany's writings are central: see A Working Peace System (1966) and The Functional Theory of Politics (1975). A. J. R. Groom and Paul Taylor (eds) Functionalism: Theory and Practice in World Politics (1975) is an excellent collection, and other collections by the same editors are highly relevant: Taylor and Groom (eds) International Organization: A Conceptual Approach (1978); Groom and Taylor (eds) The Commonwealth in the 1980s (1984); Groom and Taylor (eds) Frameworks for International Cooperation (1994). Peter Willetts (ed.) Pressure Groups in the International System (1983), is a pioneering collection. On the functional agencies of the UN, works by Haas and Sewell referred to in the chapter are crucial: see also Robert W. Cox and Harold K. Jacobson (eds) The Anatomy of Influence (1973). More recent work on these bodies casts its theoretical net a little wider into the area of 'regime' analysis: for example, Mark W. Zacher with Brent A. Sutton, Governing Global Networks: International Regimes for Transport and Communication (1996). For Burtonian adaptations of functionalism see, for example, J. W. Burton, World Society (1972). Paul Taylor, International Organization in the Modern World (1993), is a good overview of theory in the area of international organization in general, including recent thinking about the UN. On theories of integration, Michael Hodges (ed.) European Integration (1972) provides useful extracts from the early theorists. William Wallace, Regional Integration: The West European Experience (1994), and Robert O. Keohane and Stanley Hoffmann (eds) The New European Community (1991) are good overviews, though both a little dated. Andrew Moravcsik, The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht (1998), has become an instant classic. Ben Rosamond, Theories of European Integration (2000), does what it says on the cover, as does Dimitris Chryssochoou, Theorizing European Integration (2001). Thoughtful reflec- tions on sovereignty and contemporary European developments are William Wallace, 'The Sharing of Sovereignty: The European Paradox' (1999b), and 'Europe after the Cold-War: Interstate Order or Post-Sovereign Regional System' (1999a). The Bretton Woods institutions are well covered in the standard textbooks: Robert Gilpin, The Political Economy of International Relations (1992), and Global Political Economy (2001), offers an orthodox, (neo)realist account; Stephen Gill and David Law, The Global Economy: Prospects, Problems and Policies (1988), is neo-Marxist, Gramscian, in inspiration; Susan Strange, States and Markets (1988), is sui generis and highly entertaining. Less characterful than these three offerings, but reliable, are Joan Spero and J. Hart, The Politics of International Economic Relations (2003), David H. Blake and Robert S. Walters, The Politics of Global Economic Relations (1991), David Balaam and Michael Veseth, Introduction to International Political Economy (2004), and Robert O'Brien and Marc Williams, Global Political Economy (2003). There are also a number of very valuable edited collections. G. T. Crane and A. M. Amawi (eds) The Theoretical Evolution of International Political arguments over hegemony into regional politics in 'Co-operative Hegemony: Power, Ideas and Institutions in Regional Integration' (2002). G. John Ikenberry, 'Constitutional Politics in International Relations' (1998), 'Institutions, Strategic Restraint and the Persistence of American Post-War Order' (1998/99), and After Victory (2001) makes many of the same points as conventional US regime theorists, but without buying into some of intellectual baggage carried by the latter. On antecedents to the UN, for the peace projects see F. H. Hinsley, Power and the Pursuit of Peace (1963), and for the Concert of Europe, Carsten Holbraad, Concert of Europe (1970); for the UN today, Taylor and Groom (eds) The United Nations at the Millennium (2000), and the slightly dated Adam Roberts and Benedict Kingsbury (eds) United Nations, Divided World: The UN's Role in International Relations (1993). On the history of the United Nations classics such as I. L. Claude, Swords into Plowshares (1971), and H. G. Nicholas, The United Nations as a Political System (1985), are still useful. For the recent politics of the UN, Mats Berdal, 'The UN Security Council: Ineffective but Indispensable' (2003), is a useful short study; the Brahimi Report (2000) is an internal view on peacekeeping operations. For recent UN interventions, James Mayall (ed.) The New Interventionism: 1991-1994 (1996) is invaluable; for a good, albeit journalistic, account, see William Shawcross, Deliver us from Evil (2000). David Rieff, A Bed for the Night: Humanitarianism in Crisis (2002), is more sceptical. On the first Gulf War see Paul Taylor and A. J. R. Groom, The UN and the Gulf War, 1990-1991: Back to the Future (1992). On Rwanda and the UN see Michael Barnett, Eyewitness to Genocide (2003), and Romeo Dallaire, Shake Hands with the Devil (2003). On Kosovo, see Lawrence Freedman, 'Victims and victors: reflections on the Kosovo war' (2000), and Ivo Daalder and Michael Hanlon, Winning Ugly (2001). Chapter 11 has further reading on humanitarian interventions, and Chapter 12 on the war in Iraq 2003. A final word on global governance (until the discussion of cosmopolitanism in Chapter 9): Alexander Wendt, 'Why a World State is Inevitable' (2003), is a fascinating and challenging attempt to resuscitate the notion of a world state, by one of today's leading theorists of constructivism.
  12. Copenhagen School' (1998). For Critical Security Studies see Ken Booth (ed.) New Thinking about Strategy and International Security (1991a); idem, 'Security and Emancipation' (1991c) and Keith Krause and Michael C. Williams (eds) Critical Security Studies: Concepts and Cases (1997). Steven Walt in 'The Renaissance of Security Studies' (1991) is, apparently, uncon- vinced by redefinitions. Sean M. Lynn-Jones and Steven Miller (eds) Global Dangers: Changing Dimensions of International Security (1995) give the view from the pages of International Security. On global civil society, the annual Global Civil Society Yearbook is an excellent source of both data and opinion; approximately the same team have recently produced Marlies Glasius et al., International Civil Society (2004). The con- tributors to Michael Walzer (ed.) Toward a Global Civil Society (1997) are rather less convinced that one is on the way than Mary Kaldor, Global Civil Society: An Answer to War (2003). John Keane, Global Civil Society? (2003) has a sensible question mark in its title, and David Chandler, Constructing Global Civil Society (2004), probably should have. Chris Brown, 'Cosmo- politanism, World Citizenship and Global Civil Society' (2001), is highly critical of the notion. Mathias Albert et al. (eds) Civilising World Politics: Society and Community Beyond the State (2000) is a good collection with mostly German contributors. Albert et al. (eds) Identities, Borders, Orders: Rethinking International Relations Theory (2001) is another useful collection. On the anti-globalization movement, popular studies include Naomi Klein, No Logo (2001), and Thomas Frank, One Market under God (2001). Millennium has published a very valuable set of brief essays (2000) on the 'Battle for Seattle' at the WTO Conference in November 1999, with contribu- tions from Steven Gill, Fred Halliday, Mary Kaldor and Jan Aart Scholte (2000). Chris Brown, Sovereignty, Rights and Justice (2002), Chapter 12, discusses the movement.
  13. -part of which appeared in International Organization, vol. 48, Spring 1994 -is the best collection on its subject. Václav Havel, 'What I Believe', Summer Meditations on Politics, Morality and Civility in a Time of Transition (1993), is a moving account of what the end of communist rule could have meant, and perhaps does still mean for some. Of Will Kymlicka's many works on multiculturalism, Politics and the Vernacular: Nationalism, Multiculturalism and Citizenship (2001) is very use- ful as is, with a more limited reference point, Kymlicka and Opalski (eds) Can Liberal Pluralism be Exported? Western Political Theory and Ethnic Relations in Eastern Europe (2001). On the impact of globalization on diasporas, Arjun Appadurai, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization (1996), is outstanding. James Mayall, Nationalism and International Society (1990), is a valuable overview of the subject; F. H. Hinsley, Nationalism and the International System (1974), still usefully provides the historical framework. E. H. Carr, Nationalism and After (1968), represents the 'nationalism is outmoded' view- point, now itself outmoded. Of A. D. Smith's many books, Nationalism and Modernity (1998) is perhaps the most relevant. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities, 2nd edn (1991), is a much-misunderstood modern classic - imagined is not the same as imaginary. Michael Brown et al. (eds) Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict (1997) collects mainstream US essays on the subject; Yosef Lapid and Friedrich Kratochwil (eds) The Return of Culture and Identity in International Relations Theory (1996) is more eclectic. Kevin Dunn and Patricia Goff (eds) Identity and Global Politics (2004) is an interesting recent collection. There is a shortage of good work on the general subject of religion and IR. The Millennium Special Issue on 'Religion and International Relations' (2000) is an uneven collection but useful for an extended bibliography. Fred Dallmayr, Dialogue Among Civilisations (2002), is the first volume in a promising new series, 'Culture and Religion in IR', but is itself a little too touchy-feely to be much use. John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldridge, The Right Nation (2004), is very good and non-polemical on the Christian right in the US. Holly Burkhalter, 'The Politics of AIDS' (2004), demonstrates the influence of evangel- ical Christianity on US policy towards AIDS in Africa. Ellis and Ter Haar give a good overview of African religion in Worlds of Power: Religious Thought and Political Practice in Africa (2004). P. Geschiere, The Modernity of Witchcraft: Politics and the Occult in Postcolonial Africa (1997), is a useful anthropological study. Post-9/11, studies of Islam have, predictably, multiplied. Bernard Lewis, What Went Wrong? The Clash between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East (2002), is the most useful of his recent volumes. Malise Ruthven, A Fury for God: The Islamicist Attack on America (2004), is excellent, and his Islam: A Very Short Introduction (2000) does what it says. Paul Berman, Terror and Liberalism (2004), traces the link between radical Islam and fascism. Roger Scruton, The West and the Rest: Globalization and the Terrorist Threat (2002), and John Gray, Al Qaeda and What it Means to be Modern (2004), are stimulating think-pieces.
  14. Lecture, 'Crimes of War, Crimes of Peace' (1993);
  15. and Rebecca Cook, Human Rights of Women: National and International Perspectives (1994) -particularly the chapters by Coomaraswamy and Charlesworth. For feminist argument in favour of universalism, read Martha Nussbaum, 'The Professor of Parody: The Hip Defeatism of Judith Butler' (1999). The Law of War Crimes: National and International Approaches, edited by Timothy McCormack and Gerry Simpson (1997), is an excellent introduction to international criminal law, offering both theoretical and historical insight. Yves Beigbeder, Judging War Criminals: The Politics of International Justice (1999), looks in more detail at the development of individual responsibility. Christopher Rudolph, 'Constructing an Atrocities Regime: The Politics of War Crimes Tribunals' (2001), and Frederic Megret, 'The Politics of International Criminal Justice' (2002), are good recent theoretical pieces. Hilary Charlesworth and Christine Chinkin, The Boundaries of International Law: A Feminist Analysis (2000), uses feminist theory to analyse and critique the inter- national justice system, including human rights law. Christian Reus-Smit (ed.) The Politics of International Law (2004) offers a constructivist perspective on international law and includes chapters on the ICC and on NATO's bombing campaign in Kosovo. William Schabas, An Introduction to the International Criminal Court (2001), and Antonio Cassese et al., The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary (2002), are the best general texts on the ICC and the American Journal of International Law (1999) is the best collection of papers on the Court. The official website of the ICC is at http://www.icc-cpi.int/home.html&lϭen. All relevant documents can be found on the website of the Rome Statute: http://www.un.org/law/icc/. The most broad-ranging internet resource in this area is www.iccnow.org (a website run by the Coalition for the ICC, a group of NGOs) which contains updates on ratifications and investigations, a good question and answer section and much more. To understand the US critique of the ICC, see Jason Ralph, 'International Society, the International Criminal Court and American Foreign Policy' (2005, forthcoming), and Peter Spiro, 'The New Sovereigntists' (2000);
  16. Jessie Helms, 'American Sovereignty and the UN' (2000/01);
  17. David Rivkin and Lee Casey, 'The Rocky Shoals of International Law' (2000/01) on the 'new sovereigntist' cri- tique.
  18. R. James Woolsey (ed.) The National Interest on International Law and Order (2003) gathers together a wide range of relevant pieces previously published in leading US realist journal The National Interest, including Rivkin and Casey and Helms. On Pinochet, the best source is Marc Weller, 'On the Hazards of Foreign Travel for Dictators and Other Criminals' (1999). On humanitarian intervention N. J. Wheeler, Saving Strangers (2000), is indis- pensable. Wide-ranging collections include Deen K. Chatterjee and Don E. Scheid (eds) Ethics and Foreign Intervention: Kosovo and Beyond (2004);
  19. Anthony Lang (ed.) Just Interventions (2003); Jeff Holzgrefe and Robert Keohane, Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal and Political Dilemmas (2003);
  20. and Jonathon Moore (ed.) Hard Choices: Moral Dilemmas in Humanitarian Intervention (1998). Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars (2000), sets out a liberal position inimical to humanitarian intervention, which some of the later essays in his Arguing About War (2004) modify somewhat. The journal Ethics and International Affairs, published by the Carnegie Council for Ethics and International Affairs, is a valuable source of material on this sub- ject. The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty report (2002) is more useful than is usually the case with such commissions. The further reading section of Chapter 7 lists texts on specific interventions. See also: Mohamed Sahnoun, 'Mixed Intervention in Somalia and the Great Lakes: Culture, Neutrality and the Military' (1998);
  21. Mark Bowden, Black Hawk Down (1999);
  22. Philip Gourevitch, We wish to inform you that tomorrow we will be killed with our families: Stories from Rwanda (1998);
  23. Gérard Prunier, The Rwanda Crisis, 1959-94: History of a Genocide (1995);
  24. James Gow, Triumph of the Lack of Will: International Diplomacy and the Yugoslav War (1997);
  25. Ken Booth, The Kosovo Tragedy (2001);
  26. Tony Blair, 'Doctrine of International Community' (1999). The journals International Affairs and Foreign Affairs also routinely publish articles of interest. Noam Chomsky, The New Military Humanism (1999), and John Pilger, New Rulers of the World (2002), attack the motives of Western interveners.
  27. Samantha Power, A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide (2002), looks at US policy and genocide. Harvard Human Rights Journal, Volume 17 (2004), examines the relations between NGOs and the US military in recent conflicts. Chris Brown, 'Do Great Powers Have Great Responsibilities? Great Powers and Moral Agency' (2004), and Toni Erskine, ' "Blood on the UN's Hands"? Assigning Duties and Apportioning Blame to an Intergovernmental Organisation' (2004), look at issues of moral responsibility and authority. Chris Brown, Sovereignty, Rights, and Justice: International Political Theory Today (2002), covers much of the subject matter of this chapter, and readers are referred to both the text and the bibliography.
  28. Adler, A. (1997) 'Seizing the Middle Ground', European Journal of International Relations (3) 319-64.
  29. Albert, M. et al. (eds) (2000) Civilising World Politics (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield).
  30. Albert, M. et al. (eds) (2001) Identities, Borders, Orders: Rethinking International Relations Theory (Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota University Press).
  31. Albrow, M. (1996) The Global Age: State and Society Beyond Modernity (Cambridge: Polity Press).
  32. Aldcroft, D. H. (1977) From Versailles to Wall Street 1919-1929 (Harmondsworth: Penguin).
  33. Allison, G. T. (1971) Essence of Decision (Boston, MA: Little, Brown).
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  35. Allison, G. T. and P. Zelikow (1999) Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis, 2nd edn (New York: Longman).
  36. American Journal of International Law (1999) Developments in International Criminal Law (93) 1-123.
  37. American Political Science Review (1997) Forum on Neo-Realism (91) 899-936.
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  39. Amin, S. (1977) Imperialism and Unequal Development (New York: Monthly Review Press).
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  41. Angell, N. (1909) The Great Illusion (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson).
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  50. Ashley, R. K. (1989b) 'Living on Borderlines: Man, Poststructuralism and War', in Der Derian and Shapiro, International/Intertextual.
  51. Ashley, R. K. (1989c) 'Untying the Sovereign State: A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique', Millennium (17) 227-86.
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  773. Zalewski, M. and J. Papart (eds) (1997) The 'Man' Question in International Relations (Boulder, CO: Westview Press).
  774. Brooks, Stephen G. 60, 254
  775. Brown, Chris 17, 62, 79, 98, 113, 125, 162, 184, 206, 231
  776. Brown, Janet Welch 183
  777. Brown Michael E. 60, 76, 79, 96, 114, 205, 253
  778. Brzezinski, Zbigniew 251
  779. Bull, Hedley 29-30, 32, 50, 61, 66, 98, 101-2, 114, 203
  780. Burchill, Scott 16 'bureaucratic politics model' (of foreign policy decision-making) 73, 79
  781. Burkhalter, H. 205
  782. Burki, Shahid Javed 182
  783. Burton, John W. 32, 119, 120, 121, 138
  784. Burton, Montague 22
  785. Bush, George H. W. 198, 234, 253
  786. Bush, George W. 162, 213, 217, 238-9, 243, 245, 251, 253, 254
  787. Butterfield, Herbert 38, 61, 98, 101, 114
  788. Buzan, Barry 51, 60, 61, 177, 183, 184
  789. Byman, Daniel A. 79, 115
  790. Campbell, David 56-7
  791. Caporaso, James 162
  792. Cardoso, Fernando 153, 162
  793. Carlsnaes, Walter 16
  794. Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs 231
  795. Carr, E. H. 26-9, 33, 38, 39, 44, 205
  796. Carver, Terrell 62
  797. Casey, Lee A. 218, 230
  798. Cassese, Antonio 230
  799. Castells, Manuel 181
  800. Cavanagh, John 163 centre-periphery analysis see structuralism Cerny, Phil 163
  801. Chalmers, A. F. 17 'chandelier model' (of the balance of power) 99
  802. Chandler, David 184
  803. Charlesworth, Hilary 212, 230
  804. Chase-Dunn, Christopher 181
  805. Chatterjee, Deen K. 230
  806. Chechnya 200, 201
  807. China, People's Republic of 24, 50, 84, 144, 151, 154, 160, 176, 191, 199-200, 214, 216, 218, 224, 233, 236-7, 242, 250
  808. Chinkin, Christine 230
  809. Chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) 174
  810. Chomsky, Noam 14, 68, 76, 231, 253, 254
  811. Chryssochoou, Dimitris 138
  812. Clark, Grenville 133
  813. Clark, Ian 182
  814. Clarke, Jason 254
  815. Clarke, Jonathan 253
  816. Clarke, Michael 78, 95 'clash of civilizations' 197, 199-201, 202, 206, 235, 245
  817. Claude, Iris 98, 100, 114, 140
  818. Clausewitz, Carl von 98, 103-12, 114
  819. Clinton, Bill 196, 198-9, 217, 238-9, 240, 243 CNN 179, 235, Coalition for an International Criminal Court 210, 230
  820. Cobden, Richard 98, 113
  821. Cochran, Molly 17, 62 cognition (and foreign policy) 73-4, 79
  822. Cohen, Benjamin 162
  823. Cohen, Raymond 79
  824. Coker, Christopher 110, 115
  825. Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 124
  826. Communism 54, 104, 128, 152, 153-4, 168, 173, 178, 187-8, 190-1, 193, 194, 198, 200, 205, 223, 234, 235 'comparative advantage' theory of 148-9, 152, 162 complex interdependence 5, 7, 35-7, 129 'Concert of Europe' 134-6, 140 condition, human 29, 44 see also nature, human
  827. Connolly, William E. 17, 39, 56-7, 200
  828. Constantinou, Costas 95
  829. Constructivism 18, 20, 33, 48-52, 53, 57, 60, 61, 92, 106, 133, 140, 201, 207, 230 'contact group' (in former-Yugoslavia) 135 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) 212
  830. Cook, Rebecca 230
  831. Coomaraswamy, R. 230
  832. Copenhagen School 177, 183, 184 'Correlates of War' Project 32
  833. Cottam, Martha 73, 79
  834. Cox, Michael 39, 78, 254
  835. Cox, Robert 53, 59, 95, 138, 183
  836. Craig, Gordon C. 95
  837. Crane, G. T. 138
  838. Creasy, Edward 109 critical security studies 55, 96, 177, 184 critical theory 18, 54-8, 61, 62, 139 Cuban missile crisis 34, 70-3, 79 culture and IR 12, 15, 51, 52, 61, 77, 78, 110, 179-82, 195, 199, 202, 204, 205, 206, 212, 231, 234-5, 251, 252
  839. Czempial, E.-O. 118, 137
  840. Daalder, Ivo 140, 253
  841. Dahl, Robert A. 83, 88, 95
  842. Dahrendorf, Ralf 206
  843. Dallaire, Romeo 140
  844. Dallmayr, Fred 205
  845. Danchev, Alex 204, 206
  846. Davies, David 22
  847. Davos Meetings 129, 178
  848. Dawkins, Richard 39
  849. Hegel, G. W. F. (and Hegelian, Hegelianism) 54, 56, 106, 188, 189 'hegemonic stability' theory 131, 133, 139, 169 hegemony 46, 50, 89, 103, 132-3, 140, 169-70, 186, 199, 214, 228, 232-54
  850. Heidegger, Martin 54
  851. Helms, Jesse 218, 230
  852. Hendrikson, David C. 253, 254
  853. Herder, J. F. G. 66
  854. Hermann, Charles F. 78
  855. Heuser, Barbara 114
  856. Higgott, Richard 182
  857. Hinsley, F. H. 116, 134, 140, 205
  858. Hitchens, Christopher 254
  859. Hitler, Adolf 12-13, 24-8, 38, 102
  860. Hoare-Laval plan 25
  861. Hobbes, Thomas (and Hobbesian) 47, 67, 92, 118, 164
  862. Hobson, J. A. 68
  863. Hobson, J. M. 63, 78
  864. Hodges, Michael 138, 163
  865. Hoffman, Stanley 138
  866. Hogan, Michael 204
  867. Holbraad, Carsten 140
  868. Hollis, Martin 17, 39, 79
  869. Holzgrefe, J. L. 230
  870. Howard, Michael 114 human rights 13, 62, 137, 170, 177, 178, 181, 185, 186, 197-9, 202-3, 204, 206, 207-31, 239, 242, 250
  871. Human Rights Watch 209 humanitarian intervention 61, 137, 140, 172, 197, 198, 221-8, 229, 230, 231
  872. Hume, David 98, 113, 146, 147
  873. Huntington, Samuel 199-201, 202, 203, 206, 235, 245
  874. Hurrell, Andrew 183
  875. Hussein, Saddam 14, 28, 198, 227, 244, 246 'hyperglobalization' 164 'idealism' see liberal internationalism identity 50, 61, 64, 66, 67, 181, 183, 185-206, 207, 211, 241, 247
  876. Ignatieff, Michael 110, 115, 229, 244, 250, 254
  877. Ikenberry, John 132, 140, 233, 239, 251, 253, 254
  878. Imber, Mark 183 immigration 192 import-substitution industrialization 153-4 influence (and power) 80-91 Information Technology 165-7, 182, 235 integration theory 122-5, 133 International Campaign to Ban Land Mines 210 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 179, 209, 214, 228
  879. Laclau, Ernesto 162
  880. LaFeber, Walter 178
  881. Laffey, Mark 76, 79, 254
  882. Lakatos, Imre 17
  883. Lake, David 139, 190
  884. Lal, Deepak 162
  885. Lang, Anthony 230
  886. Langhorne, R. T. B. 95
  887. Lapid, Yosef 61, 62, 205
  888. Law, David 138, 183
  889. Layne, Christopher 76 League of Nations 22-8, 107, 133, 217, 248
  890. Lebow, Richard Ned 73, 74, 79, 204, 235
  891. Legro, Jeffrey W. 60
  892. Lenin, V. I. (and Leninism) 12, 42, 54, 89, 104, 108, 152, 154
  893. Levi-Faur, David 162
  894. Levy, Mark A. 139
  895. Lewis, Bernard 205 'liberal economics' 147-51 Liberal International Economic Order (LIEO) 155 'liberal internationalism' 20-8, 68, 133-7, 228, 253
  896. Light, Margot 17
  897. Lindsay, James M. 253
  898. Linklater, Andrew 17, 55-6, 61
  899. Liska, George 95
  900. Little, Ian M. D. 162
  901. Little, Richard 16, 45, 60, 61, 78, 95
  902. Locke, John 67
  903. London, Charter of 107
  904. Lukes, Stephen 95, 96
  905. Lutz-Bachmann, Matthias 61
  906. Lynn-Jones, Sean M. 60, 76, 114, 184, 253
  907. Maastricht, Treaty of 125, 138
  908. MacKinnon, Catherine 212, 229
  909. Macmillan, John 17, 79
  910. Macridis, Roy C. 78
  911. Mahbubani, K. 206
  912. Mandela, Nelson 87, 88
  913. Mann, James 253
  914. Mann, Michael 71, 66, 78, 90, 254
  915. Mannheim, Karl 26
  916. Mao Tse-tung 54, 108, 154, 252
  917. Mapel, David 38
  918. Marcuse, Herbert 154 'market share' 171 'Marshall Aid' (European Recovery Program) 123, 128
  919. Martel, G. 38
  920. Marx, Karl (and Marxist approaches to IR) 2, 6, 26, 27, 44, 54, 55, 61, 62, 65, 68, 89, 108, 112, 138, 139, 142, 150-4, 156, 161, 162, 169, 170, 176, 183, 187, 188, 249 see also structuralism Mayall, James 50, 140, 205
  921. Mayer, Peter 133, 139
  922. McDonald's ('McWorld') 178, 179, 195, 247
  923. McGrew, Anthony 181
  924. McNamara, Robert 15
  925. McSweeney, Bill 183, 184
  926. Meadows, Donella 173
  927. Mearsheimer, John 45, 75, 235, 253
  928. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) 179, 180, 209, 228
  929. Megret, Frederic 230
  930. Meinecke, Friedrich 78 mercantilism 142, 146-9, 238
  931. Meyer, John W. 180
  932. Micklethwait, John 205 Microsoft 165, 167
  933. Miller, Steven 60, 76, 114, 184
  934. Milner, Helen 16
  935. Milosevic, Slobodan 14, 201, 214, 215, 217, 223, 224
  936. Mitchell, Christopher 119, 120
  937. Mitrany, David 119-21, 123, 138
  938. Modelski, George 78
  939. Mohammed, Mahathir Bin 206
  940. Moore, Gordon 165
  941. Moore, Jonathon 230
  942. Moore, Michael 14, 254 'Moore's Law' 165
  943. Moravcsik, Andrew 60, 138
  944. Morgenthau, Hans J. 29-33, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 51, 68, 95, 98, 100, 114 MTV 235, 247 multiculturalism 51, 192, 201, 202, 204, 205 'multilateralism' 238, 239 multinational corporation (MNC) 34, 35, 155-60, 163, 165, 169, 171, 172, 209, 210, 212, 229, 249
  945. Murphy, Craig 137, 139
  946. Murray, A. J. 38, 39
  947. Musgrave, Alan 17
  948. Mussolini, Benito 12, 24-7
  949. Nardin, Terry 38, 52, 98, 113, 115, 162, 202, 203 national interest 22, 30-1, 67, 69-70, 71, 100, 111, 136, 208, 223, 225 National Missile Defence 93 national power, components of 88-94 nationalism 28, 67, 108, 151, 154, 161, 186, 187, 191, 192, 205, 206, 222 nation-building 187, 223, 226, 243, 244 nature, human 26, 29, 39, 104 see also condition, human Navon, Emmanuel 62
  950. Negri, Antonio 249, 254 neoclassical realism 45, 60 Neoconservatism 239, 240, 244, 246 neofunctionalism 122, 124 neoliberal institutionalism (neoliberalism as IR theory) 33, 39, 45, 51, 59, 60, 74-5, 88, 207 neoliberalism (as economic doctrine) 142, 167-72 neorealism 33, 41-8, 58, 59, 60, 63, 74, 75, 77, 201, 207 neo-utilitarianism 40, 52, 53
  951. Neufeld, Mark 17, 55 New International Economic Order (NIEO) 155-6, 159 'new sovereigntism' 218, 230 'New World Order' 137, 163, 198, 224, 253 'newly industrializing countries' (NICs) 157, 160
  952. Nicholas, H. G. 140
  953. Nicholson, Michael 17
  954. Niebuhr, Reinhold 25-6, 29, 38, 66
  955. Nietzsche, Friedrich 54, 57
  956. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) 5, 208, 209-10, 213, 215, 216, 225, 226, 228, 229, 230, 231
  957. normative theory 8, 10, 17, 50, 55, 56, 134, 175, 207-8 North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) 130, 252
  958. Northedge, F. S. 121 Index 291
  959. Nussbaum, Martha 230
  960. Nye, Joseph 34-6, 60, 119, 139, 233, 239, 251, 254
  961. Oberdorfer, Don 204
  962. O'Brien, Robert 138
  963. Obstfeld, Maurice 162 offensive realism 44-5, 60, 106, 114
  964. O'Hanlon, Michael E. 115, 140
  965. Ohmae, Kenichi 6, 163, 164, 181
  966. Olson, William C. 17
  967. Onuf, Nicholas 49, 60, 79 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 123, 151, 245 'organizational process model' (of foreign policy decision-making) 72-3, 74, 79
  968. Overton, R. 165 Union for Democratic Control 21 'unipolarity' 101, 236, 253
  969. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) 174, 183
  970. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) 129, 130, 142, 156
  971. United Nations Security Council 127, 135, 137, 140, 210, 215, 216, 217, 218, 223, 224, 225, 236, 243
  972. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 208, 211-12, 213, 220 'universal jurisdiction' 217, 219, 229 Universal Postal Union 117, 121 'utopianism' see liberal internationalism Van Evera, Steven 44, 114, 115
  973. Vernon, Raymond 163, 171
  974. Versailles, Treaty of 9, 21, 23, 161, 214
  975. Veseth, Michael 138, 181 'veto power' (in United Nations) 135, 217, 218, 225
  976. Vietnam War 31, 34, 54, 84-5, 108-9, 132, 234
  977. Vincent, R. J. 50, 61, 229
  978. Viotti, Paul 16, 45
  979. Virilio, Paul 57
  980. Vogler, John 183
  981. Waever, Ole 47, 60, 61, 177, 183, 184
  982. Walker, R. B. J. 55, 56, 62
  983. Wallace, William 138
  984. Wallerstein, Immanuel 143, 153, 162, 163
  985. Walt, Stephen 44, 102, 114, 184
  986. Walters, Robert S. 138
  987. Waltz, Kenneth 40-5, 48, 50, 52, 58, 59, 60, 74, 75, 89, 90, 95, 98, 100-5, 112, 114, 117, 235, 236, 248, 253
  988. Walzer, Michael 115, 184, 226-7, 230 war, causes of 8, 9, 10, 11, 20, 38, 41, 103-6, 114, 115 war, civil 24, 105, 223 war crimes 107, 213, 214, 215, 216, 219, 230
  989. Warren, Bill 154, 162 'Washington Consensus' 161, 169, 176, 182, 183
  990. Watson, Adam 50, 77, 95, 102
  991. Watt, D. C. 38
  992. Waxman, Matthew C. 115 Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) 227, 248
  993. Webber, Mark 78
  994. Weber, Cynthia 57, 58
  995. Weber, Max 38, 66
  996. Wee, Herman Van der 162
  997. Weinberg, Gerhard L. 13, 38
  998. Welch, David A. 79
  999. Weller, Marc 220, 230
  1000. Wendt, Alexander 18, 49-52, 60, 61, 78, 79, 92, 106, 112, 140
  1001. Wescott, Robert 182 'Westphalia System' 49, 56, 64, 65-6, 77, 116-17, 121, 165, 172, 175, 207, 208, 219, 220, 222, 237
  1002. Wheeler, Nicholas J. 50, 61, 203, 225, 229, 230
  1003. White, Brian 74, 78
  1004. Wiener, Jarrod 139
  1005. Wight, Colin 78
  1006. Wight, Martin 29, 38, 50, 61, 66, 77, 98, 101, 114
  1007. Willetts, Peter 138
  1008. Williams, Marc 138
  1009. Williams, Michael C. 184
  1010. Williamson, John 182
  1011. Wilsonians, 'soft' and 'hard' 238-9
  1012. Wilson, Peter 38, 39
  1013. Wilson, Woodrow 21, 22, 23, 26, 198, 238, 239
  1014. Wittkopf, Eugene 16
  1015. Wohlforth, William 45, 236, 253, 254
  1016. Wolfowitz, Paul 239
  1017. Wolper, Anne 229
  1018. Woodward, Bob 251, 253
  1019. Wooldridge, Adrian 205
  1020. Woolsey, R. James 230 'World Bank' (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) 117, 127, 128, 129, 142, 155, 161, 169, 182, 212 'world society' 119, 120, 138, 180
  1021. World Trade Organization (WTO) (and GATT) 5, 6, 117, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 142, 170, 184, 202 world wide web see Internet Wright, Moorhead 114
  1022. Wysham, Daphne 163
  1023. Yeltsin, Boris 234
  1024. Young, Oran R. 139, 183
  1025. Zacher, Mark W. 138
  1026. Zakaria, Fareed 45, 79, 206
  1027. Zalewski, Marysia 117, 62
  1028. Zelikow, Philip 79
  1029. Zürn, Michael 139

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