Input and Output Devices

Ergonomics, 2007

Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2014

This paper presents a novel approach for man machine interaction applying real time computer vision techniques. We use a handheld camera to control the mouse cursor on a computer display. The camera captures an image of the display in its field of view and this can be used to judge the camera's position and orientation relative to the display. The problem is modelled as a plane-to-plane projection (homography). Once the mapping of the display in the camera view to the real world display is known, the intersection between the central axis of the camera and the surface of the display can be computed. The mouse pointer is then moved to the corresponding display position. This calculation can be iterated continuously to update the mouse cursor position as the camera position and orientation changes. The camera can then be used to control the mouse cursor just like a laser pointer controls a laser dot. A prototype has been developed to demonstrate the approach.

2001

Remote pointing is an interaction style for presentation systems, interactive TV, and other systems where the user is positioned an appreciable distance from the display. A variety of technologies and interaction techniques exist for remote pointing. This paper presents an empirical evaluation and comparison of two remote pointing devices. A standard mouse is used as a base-line condition. Using the ISO metric throughput (calculated from users' speed and accuracy in completing tasks) as the criterion, the two remote pointing devices performed poorly, demonstrating 32% and 65% worse performance than the mouse. Qualitatively, users indicated a strong preference for the mouse over the remote pointing devices. Implications for the design of present and future systems for remote pointing are discussed.

2006

We are working toward ways of optimally selecting and configuring input devices for people with physical impairments. This exploratory study examined the effect of the following five factors on user pointing performance: (1) Gain setting; (2) Enhance Pointer Precision (EPP) setting; (3) Target size; (4) Target distance; and (5) Input device. For this group of 17 subjects, a lower gain combined with EPP On provided significantly better performance, although the gain effect was more variable across subjects. The type of input device used had the largest effect on pointing performance. BACKGROUND An important part of computer access interventions is appropriately choosing and configuring the user's pointing device. There are many pointing devices to choose from, ranging from "standard" mice to trackballs to head controls. Once a given pointing device is selected, tuning it to the user's strengths and limitations may yield significant performance and comfort benefits...

A serial port is used to connect external modems or an older computer mouse to the computer. It comes in two versions a 9-pin version or a 25-pin model. The 9-pin is found on most newer computers. Data travels over a serial port at 115 kilobits per second.

2000

The effects of two computer mouse designs on wrist posture were tested. Twenty four seated subjects, men and women grouped at the 95th, 50th, and 5th percentiles, performed right handed mousing tasks involving cursor positioning, target acquisition and scrolling. Each subject wore an instrumented glove on their right hand to measure wrist flexion/ extension and radial/ulnar deviation. All conditions and tasks were counterbalanced. Results showed a difference in wrist extension and task performance between mouse designs, but no effects of mouse design on ulnar deviation. Significant interactions involving gender and stature were also found. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Modern personal computer operating systems, such as Windows, Mac OS or Unix, present the user with a graphical user interface (GUI) that requires the use of an input device, along with a keyboard, to successful navigate and operate the system. A variety of manual input devices are available, such as the computer mouse, touchpad, trackpoint, trackball, and joystick. Modern personal computers typically offer a computer mouse in conjunction with a keyboard as the preferred input device configuration. Typical software programs for word processing, spreadsheet, database and graphics operations may require computer mouse use for up to two-thirds of the time (Johnson et al., 1993). Use of a computer mouse is not necessarily benign. Evidence is accumulating that suggests that computer mouse use is associated with a number of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. Analysis of worker's compensation claim data from 1986 to 1993 revealed a dramatic increase in computer-related cumulative trauma disorders of the upper-extremity (CTDUE) associated with mouse use, from 0 in 1988 to over 325,000 by 1993 (Fogleman and Brogmus, 1995). Of all CTDUE claims analyzed, 51% involved wrist injury, and 46% of all mouse-related CTDUEs involved wrist injury. Sixty four percent of computer mouse injuries were strains and 13% were carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Computer mouse claims were more likely to involve the hand, lower arm, and upper arm (including the clavicle and scapula) than computer-related claims overall. In 1993 computer mouse-related claims were 6.1% of all computer-related claims, and computer-related claims represented 17.3% of all CTDUE claims. Since 1993, software developments (Windows 95/98/NT) and growth of the Internet (including electronic mail) have increased the need for use of a pointing device, such as a mouse. Current navigation of World Wide Web pages is almost solely dependent upon a computer-pointing device. Several studies have examined associations between computer mouse use and musculoskeletal discomfort. A Canadian study of word processor operators, draftspeople

Several research groups are implementing analog integrated circuit models of biological auditory processing. The outputs of these circuit models have taken several forms, including video format for monitor display, simple scanned output for oscilloscope display and parallel analog outputs suitable for data-acquisition systems. In this paper, we describe an alternative output method for silicon auditory models, suitable for direct interface to digital computers.

1991

An experiment is described comparing three devices (a mouse, a trackball, and a stylus with tablet) in the performance of pointing and dragging tasks. During pointing, movement times were shorter and error rates were lower than during dragging. It is shown that Fitts' law can model both tasks, and that within devices the index of performance is higher when pointing than when dragging. Device differences also appeared. The stylus displayed a higher rate of information pmeessing than the mouse during pointing but not during dragging. The trackball ranked third for both tasks,