Encryption of lossless coded videos

In digital signal processing, the general problem of image compression involves encoding using fewer bits than the original representation. Compression can be either lossy or lossless. Image encryption is hiding image from unauthorized access with the help of secret key. Even though Compression-then-Encryption (CTE) paradigm meets the requirements in many secure transmission scenarios, the order of applying the compression and encryption needs to be reversed in situations without compromising the compression performance. In this paper we analyze various techniques emerged for Encryption then Compression process for image data security.

The traffic of digital images and video has grown rapidly in the internet. Security becomes important for several applications like military image database, confidential video conferencing. Real-time secure image and video communication is challenging due to the processing time and computational requirement for encryption and decryption. Also the speed of most internet connections is very limited so the amount of data to be transmitted must be reduced. In this research, we shall introduce partial encryption technique on compressed images and videos. Another algorithm decomposes images into several different parts. We apply encryption algorithm to encrypt only the crucial parts, which are considerably smaller than original image, which result in significant reduction in processing time and computational requirement for encryption and decryption as well as reduce the bit rate and bandwidth requirement.

An explosion in the internet and other sharing technologies has made transfer and distribution of video content extremely easy. Unimpeded transfer of video and other multimedia content has lead to violation of several antipiracy laws today. Hence, the need to prevent unauthorized distribution and protection of video data is on the rise. This paper demonstrates the lossless video encryption and decryption techniques. For encrypting the frames of the video, column and row shifting method is used, that is transposition cipher is generated. Further a password is used to encrypt the video as well.

2012

Existing methods when describe Compression there is no consideration of security, similarly when it describe encryption there is no consideration of size i.e. compression. Image Compression is concerned with minimizing the number of bit required to represent an image. Image Encryption is hiding image from unauthorized access with the help of secret key that key can be private or public. In this paper the simultaneous image compression and encryption algorithm used by different researchers are categorised and analysed with reference to the performance evaluation parameters.

IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2013

Video encryption techniques enable applications like digital rights management and video scrambling. Applying encryption on the entire video stream can be computationally costly and prevents advanced video modifications by an untrusted middlebox in the network, like splicing, quality monitoring, watermarking, and transcoding. Therefore, encryption techniques are proposed which influence a small amount of the video stream while keeping the video compliant with its compression standard, High Efficiency Video Coding. Encryption while guaranteeing standard compliance can cause degraded compression efficiency, so depending on their bitrate impact, a selection of encrypted syntax elements should be made. Each element also impacts the quality for untrusted decoders differently, so this aspect should also be considered. In this paper, multiple techniques for partial video encryption are investigated, most of them having a low impact on rate-distortion performance and having a broad range in scrambling performance 1. Index Terms-High Efficiency Video Coding, encryption, transcoding, video scrambling I. INTRODUCTION Applications using video encryption can range from pay TV up to confidential military applications. When confidentiality is of the highest priority, encryption of the entire video stream is advised. In a scenario of television distribution, some disadvantages can be associated with full video encryption. First, useful technical information, irrelevant for end users, becomes obscured. For example, a video stream contains

International Journal of Image Processing and Vision Science, 2012

Image compression scheme proposed by researchers have no consideration of security. Similarly image encryption scheme proposed by the authors have no consideration of image size. In this paper a simultaneous image compression and encryption scheme is discussed. The order of the two processes viz. compression and encryption is EC i.e. image encryption is performed first then the image compression is applied. For image encryption a symmetric key cryptography multiplicative cipher is used. Similarly for compression Discrete Cosine Transform is used. Image Compression is concerned with minimizing the number of bit required to represent an image. The compression can be lossless or lossy. Image Encryption is hiding image from unauthorized access with the help of secret key that key can be private or public.

INNOVATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL AND COMPUTER TECHNIQUES: ICACCT-2021

This paper presents a survey on image encryption and compression techniques. The main aim of using encryption and compression together is to reduce the size; to ensure a quality during reconstruction; to reduce bandwidth requirement, to increase the speed of data communication over a network; to reduce the computational time, and to ensure its safety. To carry out the Image compression and encryption together three different ways are there. The three existing combinations are as encryption technique followed by compression, in this method compression ratio is more, but there are some security issues as compared with next. The next combination is a compression technique followed by encryption technique, in this method, researchers focus more on security of the image rather than to compress the size of the image. The last combination is joint encryption and compression strategies in this strategy encryption and compression happens at the same time either to some extent or as compressive detecting. With low computational time it gives a decent security. The compression procedure utilized in every one of the blends can be lossless, lossy, or mix of both.

Multimedia is one of the most popular data shared in the Web, and the protection of it via encryption techniques is of vast interest. In this paper, a secure and computationally feasible Algorithm called Optimized Multiple Huffman Tables (OMHT) technique is proposed. OMHT depends on using statistical-model-based compression method to generate different tables from the same data type of images or videos to be encrypted leading to increase compression efficiency and security of the used tables. A systematic study on how to strategically integrate different atomic operations to build a multimedia encryption system is presented. The resulting system can provide superior performance over other techniques by both its generic encryption and its simple adaptation to multimedia in terms of a joint consideration of security, and bitrate overhead. The effectiveness and robustness of this scheme is verified by measuring its security strength and comparing its computational cost against other techniques. The proposed technique guarantees security, and fastness without noticeable increase in encoded image size.

IEEE Access, 2022

versatile video coding (VVC) is the next generation video coding standard developed by the joint video experts team (JVET) and released in July 2020. VVC introduces several new coding tools providing a significant coding gain over the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard. It is well known that increasing the coding efficiency adds more dependencies in the video bitstream making format-compliant encryption with the standard more challenging. In this paper we tackle the problem of selective encryption of the VVC standard in format-compliant and constant bitrate. These two constraints ensure that the encrypted bitstream can be decoded by any VVC decoder while the bitrate remains unchanged by the encryption. The selective encryption of all possible VVC syntax elements is investigated. A new algorithm is proposed to encrypt in format-compliant and constant bitrate the transform coefficients (TCs) together with other syntax elements at the level of the entropy encoder. The proposed solution was integrated and assessed under the VVC reference software model version 6.0. Experimental results showed that encryption drastically decreases the video quality while the encryption is robust against several types of attacks. The encryption space is estimated in the range of 15% to 26% of the bitstream size resulting in a lightweight encryption process. The web page of this work is publicly available at https://gugautie.github.io/sevvc/. INDEX TERMS Versatile video coding, joint crypto-compression, selective encryption, video security.

Preserving the secrecy of confidential information has its own importance right from the early era of computing. Steganography is the art of hiding the messages inside other harmless medium in such a way that an enemy cannot even sense the presence of the secret message. But if the presence of information behind media is revealed or detected, the objective of steganography is violated and security is compromised. This paper proposes and analyzes a methodology for video steganography that pre-processes the text before hiding it behind a cover video. In pre-processing process, the text is first compressed and then modified using a key. The proposed method combines the idea of video steganography, cryptography and compression techniques which provide enhanced security. The RC4 is used for encrypting the compressed text and 4LSB method is used to conceal the processed text inside the cover media, while the purpose of compression is to enhance security and increase embedding capacity.