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Outline

Title
Abstract
Gem Technology and GE1/1 System Overview
Technology Overview
GE1/1 Prototyping Results
Technical Design of GE1/1 Chambers for CMS
Gem Foil Design and Production Technology
Validation of Chamber Materials
Mechanical Design
Design Overview
Drift Board Design
Readout Board Design
Variable Latency Data Path
Data Formats
Data Type: Lossless
Data Type: SPZS
Tracking Data Flow
Trigger Data Flow
Data Rate Simulations
Overview of the Online Software
GE1/1 Component Production and Assembly Overview
Database
Summary of the GE1/1 Detector Hit Rates
Introduction
Data Quality Monitoring System
Data Certification
Database Management System for the Gem Project
References

CMS Technical Design Report for the Muon Endcap GEM Upgrade

Profile image of Elizabeth Rose StarlingElizabeth Rose Starling

2015

Abstract

This report describes both the technical design and the expected performance of the Phase-II upgrade, using Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors, of the first endcap station of the CMS muon system. The upgrade is targeted for the second long shutdown of the CERN LHC and is designed to improve the muon trigger and tracking performance at high luminosity. The GEM detectors will add redundancy to the muon system in the 1.6 < |η| < 2.2 pseudorapidity region, where the amount of detection layers is lowest while the background rates are highest and the bending of the muon trajectories due to the CMS magnetic field is small. GEM detectors have been identified as a suitable technology to operate in the high radiation environment present in that region. The first muon endcap station will be instrumented with a double layer of triple-GEM chambers in the 1.6 < |η| < 2.2 region. The detector front-end electronics uses the custom designed VFAT3 chip to provide both fast input for the level-1 muon trigger and full granularity information for offline muon reconstruction. This document describes the design of detectors, electronics, and services. The expected performance of the upgraded muon system is discussed in the context of several benchmark physics channels. The document also presents the plan - including the project schedule, cost, and organization - for the detector construction, testing, and integration into the CMS detector.

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The LHC data-taking will resume in 2015 with energy of 13-14 TeV and luminosity of 2 ÷ 5 × 10 34 cm −2 s −1. At those energies, a considerable fraction of the particles produced propagate in the high pseudo-rapidity regions. The proposal for the upgrade of the CMS muon forward system involves Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) chambers to be installed during the second LHC Long Shutdown (LS2) covering the pseudorapidity range 1.5 < |η| < 2.2. This detector is able to handle the extreme particle rates expected in this region when the LHC will be running at higher luminosity. The GEM is an excellent choice, as its high spatial resolution (order of 100 µm) allows to combine tracking and triggering capabilities, which will improve the CMS muon High Level Trigger, the muon identification and the track reconstruction. Intense R&D has been going on since 2009 and it has lead to the development of several GEM prototypes and associated detector electronics. These GEM prototypes have been subjected to extensive tests in the laboratory and in test beams at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). This contribution will review the status of the CMS upgrade project with GEMs, discussing also the trigger performance.

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Beam Test Results for New Full-scale GEM Prototypes for a Future Upgrade of the CMS High-eta Muon System
Umberto Berzano

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The CMS GEM collaboration is considering Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) for upgrading the CMS forward muon system in the 1.5 < |η| < 2.4 endcap region. GEM detectors can provide precision tracking and fast trigger information. They would improve the CMS muon trigger and muon momentum resolution and provide missing redundancy in the high-η region. Employing a new faster construction and assembly technique, we built four full-scale Triple-GEM muon detectors for the inner ring of the first muon endcap station. We plan to install these or further improved versions in CMS during the first long LHC shutdown in 2013/14 for continued testing. These detectors are designed for the stringent rate and resolution requirements in the increasingly hostile environments expected at CMS after the second long LHC shutdown in 2018/19. The new prototypes were studied in muon/pion beams at the CERN SPS. We discuss our experience with constructing the new full-scale production prototypes and present preliminary performance results from the beam test. We also tested smaller Triple-GEM prototypes with zigzag readout strips with 2 mm pitch in these beams and measured a spatial resolution of 73 µm. This readout offers a potential reduction of channel count and consequently electronics cost for this system while maintaining high spatial resolution.

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Status report of the upgrade of the CMS muon system with Triple-GEM detectors
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The Triple-GEM Project for the Phase 2 Upgrade of the CMS Muon System
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Test beam results of the GE1/1 prototype for a future upgrade of the CMS high-η muon system
Leszek Ropelewski

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Construction of the first full-size GEM-based prototype for the CMS high-&#x03B7; muon system
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The high-luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will result in ten times higher particle background than measured during the first phase of LHC operation. In order to fully exploit the highly-demanding operating conditions during HL-LHC, the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Collaboration will use Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector technology. The technology will be integrated into the innermost region of the forward muon spectrometer of CMS as an additional muon station called GE1/1. The primary purpose of this auxiliary station is to help in muon reconstruction and to control level-1 muon trigger rates in the pseudo-rapidity region 1.6 < |η| < 2.2. The new station will contain trapezoidal-shaped GEM detectors called GE1/1 chambers. The design of these chambers is finalized, and the installation is in progress during the Long Shutdown phase two (LS-2) that started in 2019. Several full-size prototypes were built and operated successfully in various test beams at CERN. We describe performance measurements such as gain, efficiency, and time resolution of these prototype chambers, developed after years of R&D, and summarize their behavior in different gas compositions as a function of the applied voltage.

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Construction and Performance of Large-Area Triple-GEM Prototypes for Future Upgrades of the CMS Forward Muon System
Umberto Berzano

2011

At present, part of the forward RPC muon system of the CMS detector at the CERN LHC remains uninstrumented in the high-η region. An international collaboration is investigating the possibility of covering the 1.6 < |η| < 2.4 region of the muon endcaps with large-area triple-GEM detectors. Given their good spatial resolution, high rate capability, and radiation hardness, these micro-pattern gas detectors are an appealing option for simultaneously enhancing muon tracking and triggering capabilities in a future upgrade of the CMS detector. A general overview of this feasibility study will be presented. The design and construction of small (10 × 10 cm 2 ) and full-size trapezoidal (1 × 0.5 m 2 ) triple-GEM prototypes will be described. During detector assembly, different techniques for stretching the GEM foils were tested. Results from measurements with x-rays and from test beam campaigns at the CERN SPS will be shown for the small and large prototypes. Preliminary simulation studies on the expected muon reconstruction and trigger performances of this proposed upgraded muon system will be reported.

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Development of the data acquisition system for the Triple-GEM detectors for the upgrade of the CMS forward muon spectrometer
M. Korntheuer, Conde Garcia, R. Radogna, G. De Lentdecker, C. Armaingaud

In this contribution we will report on the progress of the design of the readout and data acquisition system being developed for triple-GEM detectors which will be installed in the forward region (1.5 < |η| < 2.2) of the CMS muon spectrometer during the 2 nd long shutdown of the LHC, expected in the period 2017-2018. The system will be designed to take full advantage of current generic developments introduced for the LHC upgrades. The current design is based on the use of CERN GLIB boards hosted in micro-TCA crates for the off-detector electronics and the Versatile Link with the GBT chipset to link the front-end electronics to the GLIB boards. In this contribution we will describe the physics goals, the hardware architectures and report on the expected performance of the CMS GEM readout system, including preliminary timing resolution simulations.

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