Esoteric Gasometers.pdf

Work and energy, power and efficiency, all four involve concepts that seemingly belong only to machines…but much before they popped out of fire and coal, live beings possessed and used them as essential life-supporting intrinsic attributes.

Although he never took a degree in medicine, Descartes had an extensive grasp of anatomy and physiology. William Harvey and other physiologists discussed his ideas and he was consulted by physicians on medical problems. In this paper, I examine Descartes’ work on physiology, taking into account Descartes’ medical texts : The Treatise on Man (L’Homme), Part 5 of the Discourse on Method (Discours de la méthode), and The Description of the Human Body (La Description du corps humain, first published in 1664 by Claude Clerselier who changed the title into The formation of the fœtus), as well as the Primae cogitationes circa generationem animalium (First Thoughts about the Generation of Animals) and Excerpta anatomica (Anatomical Excerpts and other experiments). I take as a test case Descartes’ differences with Harvey over cardiology (quoting the De motu cordis et sanguinis in animalibus), and his account of the union of mind and body, showing how Descartes eliminates both the devotional wonder at the body that characterised teleological traditions (from Galen to Vesalius and Bauhin), and also a series of old ‘cosmological’ links between body and the universe (the heart being the sun of the body conceived as a ‘microcosm’). Published in : Stephen Gaukroger, John Schuster and John Sutton (eds.), Descartes’ Natural Philosophy, London : Routledge (Routledge Studies in Seventeenth-Century Philosophy), 2000, pp. 349-382

IEEE Pulse, 2014

Work and energy, power and efficiency, all four involve concepts that seemingly belong only to machines…but much before they popped out of fire and coal, live beings possessed and used them as essential life-supporting intrinsic attributes.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2003

Medical science conceives the human body as a system comprised of many subsystems at a variety of levels. At the highest level are bodily systems proper, such as the endocrine system, which are central to our understanding of human anatomy, and play a key role in diagnosis and in dynamic modeling as well as in medical pedagogy and computer visualization. But there is no explicit definition of what a bodily system is; such informality is acceptable in documentation created for human beings, but falls short of what is needed for computer representations. Our analysis is intended as a first step towards filling this gap.

Throughout the history of humankind's study of our human body there have been those who sensed something broad and even spiritual expressing itself in our human body. They were tapping into the natural scientist ideal that held great sway up until relatively recent times. This ideal was that nature-our human body included-showed us important truths of the cosmos. In this paper we will investigate what happens when we look at our human body's anatomy and its biomechanics in a deeper and holistic way. It suggests that what has been missing in the whole of human body modelling is one that goes beyond a set of purely mechanistic principles. While science's reductive approach helps us to see, for example, a principle of flexion and its polar opposite, the principle of extension, I will introduce a simple model that gives a new context to these kinetic chain principles-as well as the principles that frame our body's anatomy. This model will help us identify a set of four principles that are part of an easy to comprehend "holistic pattern"-playing out in our human body. Part of its charm is that it brings us back to a scientific model (and healing arts tradition) that for well over 2500 years was exceedingly focused on "the four elements of nature". Few people today-scientists included-know very much about this model, which is at the core of western science. Introduction to a set of four principles In homage to the ancients' way of giving a somewhat spiritual context to the world-and the natural scientist-natural philosopher lineage that continues on through the work of researchers like myself, we will use their four terms in our naming of a set of primary anatomy-framing and biomechanical principles. These principles will, in this paper, be called the Fire, Air, Water and Earth principles. Because we are using these elemental terms to delineate a set of first principles they will be capitalized in this article. As we will see, each of the four elements of nature has a relationship with, and speaks to the power of, a higher order principle. While this four element tradition does include a discredited set of four bodily humors (and admittedly, leaches too), a case could be made that this four element model intuited important concepts that brought practical value for it to have lasted for those 2500+ years. While our modern sensibility would tend to dismiss any such model of the body (and the cosmos) built upon this four element way of thinking, it might very well offer an important and even necessary holistic counter to the overly reductionist ways of thinking that prevails in our time. As we begin to understand the potential of this model, it is essential to notice there is a top-down order to them that relates to the density of the state of matter which they speak to as well. In other words, Fire would come first, then Air, Water and finally Earth. It's always useful to appreciate that nature's Fire is the sun; Earth is the terra firma under our feet. Because this paper suggests that a single set of four principles holistically expresses itself throughout the cosmos, it is important to quickly note what holistic really means. Toward this purpose let us see the relationship between the terms, holistic and holographic.

2004

The human body is a system made of systems. The body is divided into bodily systems proper, such as the endocrine and circulatory systems, which are subdivided into many subsystems at a variety of levels, whereby all systems and subsystems engage in massive causal interaction with each other and with their surrounding environments. Here we offer an explicit definition of bodily system and provide a framework for understanding their causal interactions. Medical sciences provide at best informal accounts of basic notions such as system, process, and function, and while such informality is acceptable in documentation created for human beings, it falls short of what is needed for computer representations. In our analysis we will accordingly provide the framework for a formal definition of bodily system and of associated notions.

Advances in Physiology Education, 2018

Science, 2022

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