Wojciech Włoskowicz
580 California St., Suite 400
San Francisco, CA, 94104
Functions of Geographical Names and the Use of Endo- and Exonyms
https://doi.org/10.23781/MOEGG159-323
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Abstract
In most cases the use of endo- and exonyms takes place within a text produced in a natural language. Geographical names are linguistic signs and fulfil in communication general functions of language as well as some additional specific functions that are typical of proper names only. Therefore, the description and assessment of endo- and (particularly) exonym use should take these functions into account. The aim of this paper is to propose a set of functions of geographical names, which, however, does apply to proper names in general as well. The set shall be useful in the evaluation of the use of exonyms. Some basic assumptions of the semiotic theory of proper name semantics are discussed in the paper. A concise presentation of Jakobson’s (general) functions of language is made and the two possible perspectives in the description of toponym functions are discussed: the naming act and the subsequent use of a name. The paper provides a brief survey of selected theoretical stands on the functions of proper names taken by (Slavic) onomastics. These theoretical proposals are then compared with the functions listed by Jakobson. Finally, an extended set of communicative functions of toponyms is proposed and then applied to the description of endo- and exonym use.
FAQs
AI
What explains the differences in endonym and exonym usage across communities?
The paper reveals that exonym use is often politically and culturally sensitive, differing greatly among communities. For example, names like Kaliningrad provoke various responses depending on political contexts.
How does the conceptual understanding of toponyms relate to naming processes?
The study outlines that toponyms emerge through onymisation, where common nouns transform into proper names. This process significantly affects semantic transparency, as seen in the transition of many Carpathian toponyms.
What are the primary communicative functions of geographical names?
The research proposes an extended set of functions for geographical names, including denotative, commemorative, and expressive roles. These functions help clarify the specific uses of exonyms and endonyms in various contexts.
What role does semantic transparency play in the usage of toponyms?
The findings indicate that semantic transparency enhances the memorability of toponyms, directly impacting their denominative function. For instance, exonyms often serve as translations of endonyms, aiding comprehension for speakers.
How does the expressive function of toponyms affect communication?
The paper demonstrates that the expressive function of toponyms can influence the perceptions and attitudes of the audience. This is evident in cases where exonyms suggest historical claims, such as using Danzig versus Gdańsk in German texts.
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