Proximity sensor alarm report

Cars and vehicles have been incorporated into culture as one of the most resourceful, easiest and accessible means of transportation available. But besides being a suitable and common means, it is equally an incredibly dangerous mode of transport. Thousands of people die in vehicle accidents each year, whether it is accident with another vehicle or with a motionless object. A method of early accident exposure and evasion can control several accidents that may be associated to factors such as loss of control, careless driving, tired/intoxicated drivers, and not paying concentration to the road. As the current market does not present a normal safety feature in any car, the use of sensory tools to sense potentially hazardous objects a definite distance away and either slows the car down or shove to a safer path has not been released. In this research paper a new technique is introduced for safety against accidents. Eight ultrasonic sensors are used to sense different types of objects. By implementing a possible improvement in safety/sanctuary systems in vehicles, the vehicle and sensor would be able to operate normally until the sensor detects possible risk. In our project, the sensor does not give output or signal until the car comes within ~75 feet of an object, at which timer sends information of hurdle to driver. The sensor only indicates the presence of an object; it is up to the user or driver to tackle the hurdle.

IRJET, 2021

Finding the distance we want to measure is really hard these days. Still, the tape is an easy option, but this type of tool will be limited of hand error. Prior to this, engineers had produced a range finder module but in the end, they found out that the module has many problems such as distance limit, different results with various colored obstacles, and we need to measure it all the time before we start using it. Regular distance measurement is done by consuming human error. It is accurate and correct measuring the distance of the minimum width, which is the main purpose of this project. This device may measure distances from a distance of 0.5m to 4m with 1cm accuracy. This project is used to measure a file of distance through ultrasonic sensors. It works by the transmission of ultrasonic waves at 40 kHz. After that, the transferors will rate the amount of time taken for the audio flow to certain areas then return as a marked echo. The microcontroller will calculate the distance depending on the speed of noise at 25 ° C at current and current temperatures taken. The distance there will be displayed in the LCD module. The project value calculates the exact distance from any obstacle we want to measure. The device can be used in many different fields and categories such as distance calculations in construction camps, robots, car sensors to avoid obstacles to many other applications. The device build process was based on as many uses as possible in the lessons taken from the file universities, such as Micro Processor, Basic Electrical Engineering, Multimedia, and Electronics programs and devices to work done in labs. Such applications are already available, but the efficiency of the available distance measurers is not achieved thoroughly. This newly developed application proposes to take a step further and measure the distance that enhances visual accuracy on a much larger scale.

GEORGIAN SCIENTISTS, 2024

The article explores the operational principles of a microprocessor distance meter constructed using an ultrasonic sensor module. The schematic model of the level measurement system was developed using the computer simulation program Proteus, facilitating an analysis of the information exchange process. The refined device incorporates calibration and statistical processing of measured information, contributing to the reduction of static errors and minimizing errors induced by random factors.

Paper deals with ultrasonic sensors used for distance measurement. Selected ultrasonic sensor has been tested and results of experiments are shown in the paper. Uncertainty analysis also has been realized.

The project details the implementation of distance measurement system using the ultrasonic waves. As the human ear's audible perception range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz, it is insensitive to ultrasonic waves, and hence the ultrasound waves can be used for applications in industries/vehicles without hindering human activity. They are widely used as range meters and proximity detectors in industries also it can be used in parking assistance system. The distance can be measured using pulse echo and phase measurement method. Here the pulse echo method is used. The measurement unit uses a continuous signal in the transmission frequency range of ultrasonic transducers. The signal is transmitted by an ultrasonic transducer, reflected by an obstacle and received by another transducer where the signal is detected. The time delay of the transmitted and the received signal corresponds to the distance between the system and the obstacle.

Paper deals with ultrasonic sensors used for distance measurement. Selected ultrasonic sensor has been tested and results of experiments are shown in the paper. Uncertainty analysis also has been realized.

There are several ways to measure distance without contact. One way is to use ultrasonic waves at 40 kHz for distance measurement. Ultrasonic transducers measure the amount of time taken for a pulse of sound to travel to a particular surface and return as the reflected echo. This circuit calculates the distance based on the speed of sound at 25°C ambient temperature and shows it on LCD display. Using it, we can measure distance up to 2.5 meters. In this circuit, a 40 kHz transducer is used for measurement in the air medium. In this project, we excite the ultrasonic transmitter unit with a 40 kHz pulse burst and expect an echo from the object whose distance we want to measure. It travels to the object in the air and the echo signal is picked up by another ultrasonic transducer unit (receiver), also a 40 kHz pre-tuned unit.

In this article we are listing all the projects and circuits we have developed using the 8051 micro controller. We have tested all of these projects in our lab and verified the working. All these projects are made to solve a real world requirement or problem. Engineering students & other diploma students will find these projects useful for their mini project and main project requirements. All the 8051 projects listed below are made using the 8051 compliant microcontroller from Atmel – AT89S51. We have given the correct circuit diagram, working and software code (in assembly language) for each and every project. You can use all of them freely for your project & learning requirements. In case you are using a controller other than AT89S51 – please be sure to check the hardware of your controller and compare it with that of AT89S51. This is necessary because we have developed all the software in assembly language. If you are not that good at assembly language, you can convert the software into C language & use it with any compliant 8051 controller.

Časopis Pomorskog fakulteta Kotor - Journal of Maritime Sciences

A modern approach to active learning is a technique called “learning by do-ing”. It is usually the most wanted approach. As an example of this technique, this paper presents a student learning process about sensors and their prop-erties by performing experiments and learning from sensors’ manuals. In or-der to compare distance sensors in industry applications, an experiment was conducted. Experimental results leads to conclusion which of the available sensors showed the most accurate results in relation to the results given by the manufacturer. Finally, conclusions have been made about reasons for the deviation of individual sensors from the predicted values.

The main objective of developing this Ultrasonic Range Finder Using Micro controller is to provide the information about destination whether is available or not when it is middle of transmission. The previous system was worked with radar based system but we could not find the effective results while using it in water based systems. The main advantage of this micro controller system we can find the targeted file while it is water. And this microcontroller finds the destination and sends the proper signals to that. The time from transmission of the pulse to reception of the echo is the time taken for the sound energy to travel through the air to the object and back again. Since the speed of sound is constant through air measuring the echo reflection time lets you calculate the distance to the object using the formula D = (s * t)/2 (in meters). You can get ultrasonic transducers optimized for 25 kHz, 32 kHz, 40 kHz or wide bandwidth transducers. This project uses a 40 kHz transducer but it will still work with the others if you make simple changes to the software. The receiver and generator circuits will work as they are. The 40kz signal is easily generated by the microcontroller but detection requires a sensitive amplifier. We can use a three transistor amplifier for the receiver. This is followed by a peak detector and comparator which set the sensitivity threshold so that false reflections are ignored. In the development of this project I with my team have implemented our knowledge that we have learned from the subjects like Electronic Circuit Design,Micro Controller interfacing,communications,Programming and Embedded system Design in our Undergraduation.