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Masters of Exactitude and Its Limitations
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Theology
Christian Studies

2 What is History? 2.1 In the Beginning Was – Struggle

Profile image of Petr SlámaPetr Sláma

2017, New Theologies of the Old Testament and History: The Function of History in Modern Biblical Scholarship

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Abstract

A chapter on the character of history from the monograph on "New Theologies of the Old Testament and History", LIT 2017.

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References (77)

  1. What is History? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
  2. 1 In the Beginning Was -Struggle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
  3. 2 Salvation History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
  4. 2.1 Historical Units in the Bible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
  5. 2.2 Salvation History in Patristic Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
  6. 2.2.1 Irenaeus of Lyons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
  7. 2.2.2 Eusebius of Caesarea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
  8. Aurelius Augustinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
  9. 2.2.4 Joachim of Fiore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
  10. 3 Philosophies of History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
  11. Giambattista Vico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
  12. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
  13. Jan Patočka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
  14. 4 Masters of Exactitude and its Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
  15. 4.1 Leopold von Ranke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
  16. 4.2 Within the Vortex of the Social Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
  17. 4.3 The Poverty of Historicism by Karl R. Popper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
  18. 4.4 The Linguistic Turn with Hayden White at the Helm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
  19. 4.5 When Events Defy Genres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
  20. Paul Ricoeur: A Physiology of History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
  21. 4.7 The Religious Text as an Expression of the Collective Memory . . . . . . 73
  22. xii Contents 3 Theology of the Old Testament as History of Religions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
  23. 1 The First in the World: Georg Lorenz Bauer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
  24. 2 Untangling the Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
  25. Julius Wellhausen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
  26. Bernhard Stade: A Nineteenth-Century Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
  27. Freud's Moses and the Origin of the Old Testament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
  28. 1 Salvation History Revisited: Tobias Beck and Johann Christian Konrad von Hofmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
  29. 2 When the Spirit Evolves in History and in Wilhelm Vatke . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
  30. 5 On the Catholic Front: A Struggle over History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
  31. 1 Not like the Protestants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 5.2 Modernism and the Bible: Alfred Loisy and Marie-Joseph Lagrange . . 111
  32. 3 Czech Resonances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 5.4 Biblical Criticism after the Encyclical Divino afflante Spiritu . . . . . . . . . 117
  33. 6 Against the Tyranny of History: Its Beginning between the Wars . . . 121
  34. 1 Simply and Clearly with Ludwig Koehler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
  35. 2 Walther Eichrodt: An Attempt at a Synchronic Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
  36. Slavomil C. Daněk: Neither History nor a System, but the Word . . . . . . 134
  37. 7 Theology of the Old Testament as a Historical Confession . . . . . . . . . . 141
  38. 1 Gerhard von Rad: The Bible as a Witness to a God Acting in History . . 141
  39. 1.1 "The Old Testament Is a Book of History" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
  40. A Sketch of Israel's Religious History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
  41. 1.3 Theologies of Individual Historical Traditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
  42. Where Did King David Go? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
  43. 1.5 Traditions about the Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
  44. 1.6 "What Israel herself Testified concerning YHWH" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
  45. 1.7 Criticism of Gerhard von Rad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 7.2 Hartmut Gese: The New Testament as the Final Stage of Tradition History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
  46. Samuel Lucien Terrien: Biblical Theology as a "Grammar" of Epiphanic Visitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
  47. 4 Old Testament Faith According to Werner H. Schmidt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
  48. When History Reveals Theology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
  49. 1 Biblical Archaeology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
  50. 1.1 History and Faith according to William F. Albright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
  51. 1.2 Etsi Biblia non daretur? The Twists and Turns of Biblical Archaeology 174
  52. 2 Palestine in Prague . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
  53. 2.1 Archaeology and Faith in the Work of Miloš Bič . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
  54. 2.2 Journeys of the Ark according to Jan Zeno Dus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
  55. G. Ernest Wright: God Who Acts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
  56. 9 In Search of a Theology of the Jewish Bible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
  57. Leo Baeck: An Altruistic Ethic as the Essence of Judaism . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
  58. Solomon Schechter: "Higher Criticism Means Higher Anti-Semitism" 193
  59. Yehezkel Kaufmann: A Jewish Response to Wellhausen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
  60. Jon D. Levenson: A Salvation History that Looks Like a Science . . . . . . 198
  61. 5 Gershom Ratheiser: From Theology to the Ethics of Mitzvoth . . . . . . . . 202
  62. 6 Levenson Again: Still of Interest -The Dialogue of Sinai and Zion . . . . 204
  63. 7 Israel Knohl: The Priestly Torah and the Holiness School . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
  64. Dalit Rom-Shiloni: Theology as Theodicy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
  65. 9 An Undertaking Condemned to Failure? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 10 History of Religions Once More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 10.
  66. Rainer Albertz: When Theology of the Old Testament No Longer Makes Sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 10.
  67. Erhard S. Gerstenberger: Syncretism, Pluralism, Socialism . . . . . . . . . . 220 10.3 The Memoirs of God: Mark S. Smith between the History of Religions and the Collective Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 11 Against the Tyranny of History: A Post-modern Sequel . . . . . . . . . . . 231 11.
  68. Georg Fohrer's Survey of Existential Positions in the Bible . . . . . . . . . . 231
  69. 2 The Amsterdam School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 11.
  70. Brevard S. Childs: The Two-Part Canon of Christ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 11.
  71. Walter Brueggemann: To Engage in Debate about God . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 11.5 Rolf Rendtorff's Canonical Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
  72. 6 What Was Left Aside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
  73. 12 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 12.1 Determining the Circumstances of Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
  74. xiv Contents 12.2 On the Coordinates of History and Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
  75. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
  76. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Index of Biblical References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
  77. Index of Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

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