Fire safety requirements for a workplace boardroom

Global Journal of Research in Humanities & Cultural Studies, 2022

Institutions or schools are special kinds of structures that may house a lot of people in cramped quarters for educational purposes. Children and young people make up the bulk of the students in schools, and in times of emergencies or crises, they are more likely to panic and become challenging to control. When a school or other institution is on fire, the damages are severe. The losses include loss of life, damage to property, and disruption of educational operations. It is important to safeguard educational facilities since they serve as temporary gathering spaces for communities, teachers, and students. Schools and other organizations must prioritize fire safety for their structures in terms of management. Fires pose a threat to everyone inside the building, as is well recognized. The active and passive fire safety systems in school buildings need to be improved. For instance, the management should frequently inspect and maintain fire safety equipment and should provide the school with enough fire extinguishers. In case of a gas leak in the environment, a gas detection system must also be built. The best ways to raise awareness of fire safety are to organize related programs involving all staff, teachers, and students; to give educational talks on the risks associated with fire and important steps to take in an emergency; and, finally, to appoint specific staff to the management safety team in schools.

Fire Science and Technology, 2004

The Japanese Ministry of Construction's Notification 1441 (2000) on "Verification Method for Egress Safety from a Fire Floor" is composed of a set of prescribed characteristic input values for fire load density, occupant density, etc., coupled with a set of simplified formulae to calculate fire and evacuation behavior. The nominal egress time margin is calculated by combining these values and formulae with building design variables, such as room area and ceiling height. To clarify the degree of safety implemented in the verification method, the stochastic variability in input values and uncertainties in calculation formulae have been examined. Based on existing research and survey results, variability and uncertainty are expressed in terms of probability density functions. The target levels of egress from a fire room and a fire floor were also discussed in this study. The calculation method was analyzed using the methods of Reliability Engineering. The Limit State Function was selected as the difference between the nominal time margin of egress safety and the actual, stochastic time margin of egress safety. By examining the safety level of Limit State Function, the Target Safety Index and the Acceptable Probabity of Failure implied in the Verification Method is clarified for typical office building in Japan. This work has clarified that: (1) Two variables which contain inevitable stochastic variation (Fire Load Density and Occupant Density) are recognized as Type A variables, and six variables which contain uncertainties due to the incompleteness of the prediction method (Walking Velocity, Specific Flow Rate, Time to Start the Evacuation, Fire Growth Rate over combustible contents, Fire Growth Rate over lining materials, and Smoke Filling Time) are recognized as Type B variables. (2) The coefficients of variation are large in both Type A and Type B variables, ranging from 13 to 235 %. There is a need to reduce the uncertainties associated with Type B variables. (3) The Partial Safety Factors vary in the range of-0.45 to 4.97. (4) The implied safety index of the calculation method is in the range of 1 to 3 depending on the method of smoke control and floor area on the condition of egress from a fire room, and in the range of 2 to 3 it is fairly independent on the method of smoke control and floor area on the condition of egress from a fire floor. (5) In comparison with Type A variability, the effect of Type B uncertainties (prediction error) is not negligible. (6) Possible combination of partial safety factors are proposed 403 MASAYUKI MIZUNO, KAZUNORI HARADA and TAKAO WAKAMATSU by 0.2, 2-6, 0.9 for fire load density, escape start time and smoke filling time on the condition of egress from a fire room for typical office buildings with single side corridor in Japan, and by 0.7, 4.8, 2.6 and 0.9 for fire load density, escape start time, fire growth rate and smoke filling time on the condition of egress from a fire floor.

Schools are not inherently dangerous places in terms of life safety and fire. Indeed there has not been a single fatality recorded in a school fire during school hours, as far as can be established, in the whole history of fire record-keeping in Dhaka. Schools are encouraged to adopt a fire safe approach to the management of their school and to develop emergency management plans to cover the event of fire or other emergency. Investigating the consideration for fire safety in the design phase of public and private school facilities in Dhaka indicated that the designer as well as the users should identify the need of providing the fire safety requirements: fire detection and notification systems; fire suppression and extinguishing systems and means of egress and evacuation systems. Such Technology has revolutionized the design of schools. The objective of this paper is to present a study for the consideration of fire safety during the design stages of school facilities in Dhaka; and to present the need and development of a standards and guidelines relating to fire safety whereby existing school facilities can be evaluated for the purpose of identifying and eliminating fire hazards, and meeting the minimum requirements of current situation.

Regular issue

ffice buildings are generally known to have high-rise of fire due to its complexity, combustible materials, and its economic value. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the fire safety protection and prevention system installed in six randomly selected office buildings. The method adopted in achieving the study objective includes literature review, interview, and physical inspection/observation. Thus, a multiattribute evaluation approach was adopted to establish adequate, inadequate, and no fire safety systems, used the pre-designed checklist from NFPA, 2008, NBC, 2006, and NFSC, 2013. The analysis of the result shows that some of the fire safety systems are mainly provided in the buildings. Thus, inadequate maintenance affect their performance greatly; the result shows that fire extinguisher has the highest performance among the fire safety system provided with 66.6% of the buildings have adequate, good working condition, properly position, etc., while 33.4% of the build...

KnE Life Sciences, 2018

Fire incidents in Jakarta during the year 2015 reached 1582 cases, with 22 people dead and material losses of around IDR 377 billion Indonesian Rupiah (IDR). To minimize the risk of fire hazards in office buildings, buildings must be equipped with a reliable fire response system. This study evaluated the reliability of the building safety system against fire hazards in the X government office building in Jakarta. This is a descriptive study that evaluates fire safety systems based on DKI Jakarta Province Local Regulations, Ministry of Public Works Regulations and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) requirements. There are four system reliability parameters in building fire safety. The first one is the completeness of site resources where the building is located/build, that is, water sources, road environment, road between buildings, and hydrant yard. The second one is means of rescue completeness, that is, exit doors, exit construction, and helicopter pad. The third one is completeness of active protection system, that is, alarm detection, light fire extinguisher, sprinkler, etc. The last one is completeness of passive protection system, that is, fire-resistance building structure, compartmentalization of space, and protection of openings. The study undertook a literature review, field observation and in-depth interviews. The X government office building considered in this study consists of 15 floors and 2 basement floors with a square area of 34,948 m 2. The results of the study indicated the reliability value of the building safety system against fire hazards in the X government office building rate was sufficient, which is to say that it was 67.75 percent in compliance with standards. Parameters considered were completeness of site (82.5%), means of rescue (72.7%), passive protection (58.0%), and active protection (57.4%). The low value of the active protection parameter was caused by the functional failure of smoke detectors, fire alarms, sprinklers, and building hydrants. For the passive protection parameter, there were several improvements in shaft protection and dividing room compartments that need to be made to comply with the standard.

Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2020

Fire outbreaks often occur with the exigency of appropriate response from building occupants in order to safely escape it. Fire safety in buildings is a major design consideration in architecture which helps everyone to escape by way of the most harmless and closest exit point. This research is a case study of the fire emergency safety preparedness in the College of Leadership Development Studies building in Covenant University, Ota in Nigeria, to establish how prepared the building and its users are towards combating a fire outbreak, with a view to identify areas for further improvements. The study adopted a pragmatic research approach that made use of both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The results revealed that the fire emergency safety preparedness of the college building is low. The active and passive fire emergency safety provisions of the building, exhibited various levels of inadequacies. A significant finding was that there was no provision of any full scale firefighting devices in the building. Also, while most of the respondents can easily locate the active emergency firefighting hand appliances situated in the building, majority of them cannot operate the devices. Fire drills were also found not to be a regular periodic exercise in the building. Some of the recommendations made are that: the building should be retrofitted with the various active and passive fire emergency safety measures found to be lacking; also workshops, seminars and fire drills should be conducted periodically in conformity with best practices.

IAEME PUBLICATION, 2020

The government hospital buildings are exposed to many risks and fire accidents, which lead to many severe and fatal injuries every year. Fire risks are exacerbated by hospital proximity to flammable products and possible risks faced by many patients with disabilities in the hospital. Therefore, proper management of fire safety in hospital buildings is necessary to increase fire protection in preventing possible property damage, injury, and loss of life. It is imperative to improving the safety levels for patients and hospital staff. This paper is based on a primary literature synthesis to provide an overview of fire safety practices in government hospital buildings. Issues found through the synthesis will be used for future research if standard fire safety practice is to be established and propose appropriate fire safety plans for government hospital buildings. It will be used as a guide for responsible parties to periodically check on their fire safety standards in the government hospital buildings and ensure correct decisions in place to prevent fire accidents from happening as one of the imposed safety measures at the hospital buildings.